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Investigation On Mechanical Strength of PDF
Investigation On Mechanical Strength of PDF
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DOI: 10.13189/cea.2019.070101
Copyright©2019 by authors, all rights reserved. Authors agree that this article remains permanently open access under
the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 International License
Abstract Metals used as cap for containers preserve cement bags waste on concrete, and found that when the
liquids in the bottles, but the dumping of caps particularly percentage of fiber in concrete was 3.5% it’s compressive
soft drink bottle caps are harmful for the environment. On and tensile strength increased considerably. Kandasamy et
the other hand, concrete has low tensile strength and to al. (2011) added 0.5% by volume of polythene (domestic
offset this problem some fiber like material can be added to waste polythene bags) fiber to concrete and the
concrete to increase its tensile strength. Hence, an effort compressive strength increased by 5.12%, 3.84% and 1.63%
was made in the present investigation to study the influence respectively.
of addition of waste materials like soft drink bottle caps at a This study intends to study the impact of steel bottle cap
dosage of 0.5%, 1% and 1.5%, of total weight of concrete fibers of 0.5%, 1% and 1.5% with a constant size of 3 mm x
as fiber. In this study, caps were cut into strips of size of 3 10 mm on improvement of concrete compressive and split
mm width and 10 mm length. Experimental investigation tensile strength. The bottle caps that were used in this study
was carried out adding bottle caps in concrete and tests to prepare fibers were collected from local shop in Khulshi,
were carried out as per recommended procedures by Chittagong, Bangladesh as waste materials (Fig. 1).
relevant codes. The experimental values such as
compressive strength and split tensile strength were found
to be increased. The most improved compressive strength
and split tensile strength were found for 1% bottle cap fiber.
The strengths were increased by maximum 22.98% and
23.14% respectively.
Keywords Concrete, Bottle Caps, Steel Fiber,
Compressive Strength, Split Tensile Strength
1. Introduction
Concrete being a brittle material which has low tensile
strength and low strain capacity, as a result, the mechanical
behaviour of concrete is critically influenced by crack Figure 1. Steel Bottle Caps Fiber
propagation (Behera et al. 2015). Introduction of fibers in
discrete form in plain or reinforced concrete may provide a
better solution (Romualdi et al. 1963). Experimental 2. Materials and Methods
studies proved that fibers improve the mechanical
properties of concrete such as flexural strength, 2.1. Materials
compressive strength, tensile strength, creep behavior,
impact resistance and toughness (Shukla, 2011). Murali Ordinary Portland cement was used for casting of
et.al (2012) observed that soft drink bottle caps reinforced concrete. Specific gravity of cement was tested. Locally
blocks exhibited an increase in flexural strength of concrete available sand collected from Sylhet, Bangladesh was used
by 25.88%. Venu et al. (2011) investigated the impact of as fine aggregate (FA). Crushed stones of 19 mm
2 Investigation on Mechanical Strength of Concrete Using Steel Bottle Caps as Fiber
C: FA: CA 1: 2.5:3.31
W/C 0.49
Figure 2. Mixing of fibers Figure 5. Split tensile strength test of concrete cylinder
Civil Engineering and Architecture 7(1): 1-4, 2019 3
The results of the tests on concrete samples are given 3.2. Discussion
below.
• For 0.5% bottle cap fiber, the compressive strength From Fig. 6 and 7, it can be seen that, both the
was improved by 5.4% to 21.8% and the split tensile compressive and split tensile strength were improved in
strength was improved by 0.25% to 9.83% compared all curing periods for all percentages of steel fibers. The
to plain concrete in all curing periods. improvement was gradually increasing from 0.5% fibrous
• For 1% bottle cap fiber, the improvement was in concrete to 1% fibrous concrete, but again the
between 12.25% to 22.98% for compressive strength improvement on 1.5% fibrous concrete was reduced
and 6.62% to 23.14% for split tensile strength. compared to 1% fibrous concrete. Overall, the most
• Also for 1.5% bottle cap fiber, the improvement was improved compressive and split tensile strength were
reduced than 1% fiber and the improvement was in found for 1% fibrous concrete.
Figure 6. Comparison between compressive strength for plain concrete and concrete with 0.5%, 1% and 1.5% steel bottle cap fibers with respect to
curing periods
Figure 7. Comparison between split tensile strength for plain concrete and concrete with 0.5%, 1% and 1.5% steel bottle cap fibers with respect to
curing periods
4 Investigation on Mechanical Strength of Concrete Using Steel Bottle Caps as Fiber
4. Conclusions [5] ASTM C128-15 Standard test method for relative density
(specific gravity) and absorption of fine aggregate.
A simple experimental study was conducted on [6] ASTM C188-16 Standard test method for density of
concrete with addition of steel bottle cap fibers. The hydraulic cement.
strengths were improved by adding the fibers. But surplus
[7] ASTM C496-C496M-11 Standard test method for splitting
mixing of steel fibers reduced the strength. It happened
tensile strength of cylindrical concrete specimens.
due to over mixing of fiber with respect to other materials
in concrete. So, steel fibers if used in adequate quantity [8] ASTM C778-13 Standard specifications for standard sand.
can improve the mechanical strength of concrete. [9] Behera, G., C. and Behera, R., K. (2015), ‘Increase in
strength of concrete by using bottle caps’ International
Research Journal of Engineering and Technology, Vol. 2,
Acknowledgements No. 3, pp. 1937-1942.
The authors would like to acknowledge Department of [10] Kandasamy, R. and Murugesan, R. (2011), ‘Fiber
reinforced concrete using domestic waste plastics as fibres’
Civil Engineering, Port City International University, Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Vol. 6, No. 3,
Chittagong, Bangladesh for giving the opportunity for pp. 75-82.
using the Engineering Materials Laboratory facilities for
the experimental works. [11] Murali, C., M., Vardhan, R., V., Prabu, Z., Mohammed, T.,
Arif, T. and Suresh, T. (2012), ‘Experimental investigation
on fibre reinforced concrete using waste’ International
Journal of Engineering Research and Applications, Vol. 2,
No. 2, pp. 278-283.
[2] ASTM C33-C33M-16e1 Standard Specification for [13] Shukla, M. (2011), ‘Behaviour of reinforced concrete
Concrete Aggregates. beams with steel fibres under flexural loading’
International Journal of Earth Sciences and Engineering,
[3] ASTM C39-C39M-17 Standard test method for Vol. 4, No. 6, pp. 843-846.
compressive strength of cylindrical concrete specimens.
[14] Venu, M. and Neelakanteswara, R. P. (2011), ‘Strength
[4] ASTM C127-15 Standard test method for density, relative characteristics of concrete using solid waste, an
density (specific gravity), and absorption of coarse experimental investigation’ International Journal of Earth
aggregate. Sciences and Engineering, Vol. 4, No. 6, pp. 937-940.