Relay Setting and Coordination for a POWER TRANSFORMER

Design No. 1: In the Single-Line Diagram shown below, fault currents and
CT Ratios are already indicated to ease the demonstration on how to set and
coordinate overcurrent protective devices.

500 MVAsc
U1

Bus1 8.4kA

34.5 kV

CT1 R1
200/5 50/51

T1
7.5 MVA
DS 34.5/13.8 kV
7 %Z

CT2 R2
400/5 50/51

3.7kA
Bus2
13.8 kV

IFL-L = 3.2KA

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Solution:

1. Transformer Rated Current

Is = 7.5 (106) / 138003 = 314 amp

Ip = 7.5 (106) / 345003 = 126 amp

2. Settings for Relay R2

2.1.Tap Setting (TAP)

TAP = 125% Is (CT Ratio)

= 1.25 (314) 5/400

= 4.9 amp

USE: 5 amp TAP

2.2.Time Dial Setting (TD)

SELECT TD = 3, CO-11

3. Settings for Relay R1

3.1.Tap Setting (TAP)

TAP = (200% ~ 300%) Ip (CT Ratio)

= (2 ~ 3) 126 (5/200)

= 6.3 ~ 9.45 amp

USE: 7 amp TAP

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 Theory to Remember in setting Time Dial:

A line-to-line fault at the wye side of a delta-wye transformer

is equivalent to 86.6% of the three-phase fault but is
transformed or seen at the one leg of the delta side as 100%,
as shown below.

Applying the above stated theory in relation to TCC-1, extend I F L-L

vertically and mark the point it intersects with R2. From the
intersection at R2, draw a horizontal line and mark the point where it
intersects with the IF 3 (3.7kA). The point of intersection (to) is now
the starting point for the coordination. At a t = 0.4 sec, the curve for
the upstream relay R1 should at least pass at t1 = 0.77sec.

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 Referring from the relay manufacturer’s curve;

MOTVC = 3700 (13.8/34.5) 5/200 (1/7)

= 5.28

From Relay Catalogue (CO-11), the 5.28 MOTVC

and t1 = 0.77sec yields a TD = 4.

3.2.Instantaneous Setting

Setting  175% (IF3) 13.8 / 34.5 (5/200)

 1.75 (3700) 13.8/34.5 (5/200)

 64.75 amp

SELECT : 65 amp

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4. OTHER USEFUL INFORMATIONS ON THE OVERCURRENT PROTECTION
OF TRANSFORMER CIRCUIT

1. Where to apply an instantaneous relay?

1.1. At the primary side of a transformer
1.2. On feeders of solidly grounded systems

1.3. On resistance grounded systems as zero sequence ground fault protection

for feeders

1.4. For blocking the operation of an Automatic Transfer System on the

incomer of a double-ended distribution.

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2. When to use a resistance grounded delta-wye system?
Delta-Wye systems are usually resistance grounded when the low-voltage side
is rated at medium voltage below 13.8kV. The aim is to limit the line-to-ground
fault current to a value below the secondary full load rating of the transformer
so that a line-up of fused contactors can be used instead of the more expensive
circuit breakers.

THINGS TO REMEMBER

 The primary rating of the CT at the transformer neutral should be half

of the resistor amperage in order to increase the sensitivity of the 51G.
 Interrupting rating of contactors is very low, only about 7kA. They are
not capable of interrupting the high magnitude of fault current.
 The application of medium-voltage (below 13.8kV) power circuit
breaker on feeder circuit is very expensive.
 51N are not applicable because they are insensitive to the low
magnitude of line-to-ground fault current.
 In the feeder circuit;
 51 and /or 49 will protect the feeder circuit against three-phase
fault and overload. It will operate to trip the contactor.
 Contactor shall be latched-type. It is not suppose to trip on loss
or reduction of system voltage caused by fault.
 50GS shall open the contactor on line-to-ground faults.
 The fuse shall clear three-phase faults instantaneously.

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 C U R R EN T  IN   A M P S   X   1 0 0   @   1 3 8 0 0  V O L TS
1 3 5 10 30 50 100 300 500 1,000 3,000 5,000 10,000
1,000  1,000
FLA
R2
West. (ABB) 500 MVAsc
500 CO 11 U1  500
CT 400/ 5
Tap =5.00 ( 4 - 12)
300 Time Dial =3.000  300
3 x Tap =2.19 sec
Bus1
R1 34.5 kV
West. (ABB)
100 CO 11  100
CT 200/ 5
Tap =7.00 ( 4 - 12)
Time Dial =4.000 CT1 R1
50 3 x Tap =2.93 sec  50
200/5 50/51
Inst = 65.0 (20 - 80)
30  30

T1
10 7.5 MVA  10
DS 34.5/13.8 kV
T1
7 %Z
7500 KVA 7.00 %Z
5 Delta-Wye Solid Grd  5

SECONDS
SECONDS

ANSI Curve Shift - 1.0

3  3
CT2 R2
400/5 50/51

1  1
B u s2
13.8 kV
.5  .5
IFL-L = 3.2KA
.3  .3

.1  .1
Inrush

.05  .05
IF 13.8KV
.03  .03
IF 34.5KV

IF L-L

.01  .01
1 3 5 10 30 50 100 300 500 1,000 3,000 5,000 10,000
C U R R EN T  IN   A M P S   X   1 0 0   @   1 3 8 0 0  V O L TS

A P S TC ,   I N C . TIM E­ C U R R EN T  C U R V ES TC C   ­   1

C ircuit TR A N SFOR MER  T1 Fa ult THR EE­PHA SE

Pro ject R ELA YI N G  SEMI N A R Da te N OV. 2 7 , 2 0 0 3
Fa cility SU B STA TI ON Eng ineer B . S. J I MEN EZ

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