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Nervous System
Nervous System
CHOOSE
CNS neuroglia
1. Astrocytes :
create supportive framework for neurons
create “blood-brain barrier” and provide a means of acquiring
nutrients in the brain CNS neuroglia
2. Oligodendrocytes create myelin sheath around axons of neurons in
the CNS. Myelinated axons transmit impulses faster than
unmyelinated axons
3. Microglia: “brain macrophages”, phagocytize cellular wastes &
pathogens
4. Ependymal cells line ventricles of brain & central canal of spinal
cord found in the choroid plexus and produce, monitor & help
circulate CSF (cerebrospinal fluid).
Schwann cells
creates myelin sheath around most axons of PNS
Satellite cells
support (structurally & functionally) groups of cell bodies of neurons
within ganglia of the PNS
Neuron: Structure
The dendrites carries the impulse towards the nucleus.
conduct impulses away from the cell body are axons Nissel body are
related with protein synthesis
Reflex arc – neural pathway involved in the production of a reflex.
Structures include:
receptor
sensory neuron
integrating center (brain or spinal cord)
motor neuron
effector
Action potentials:
APs involve the movement of Na+ ions into the cell (causing
depolarization of the membrane).
The Diencephalon
functions:
o primarily as a sensory relay station The Diencephalon ( Pineal gland ).
Limbic system:
emotional states & behaviors
long term memory
The Cerebellum
Functions:
include control of skeletal muscles (unconscious) for balance,
coordination & posture.
Effects of Sympathetic Activation -“fight or flight” response (energy
expenditure):
WRITING
The Nervous system has three major functions:
Sensory – monitors internal & external environment through presence
of receptors
Integration – interpretation of sensory information (information
processing); complex (higher order) functions
Motor – response to information processed through stimulation of
effectors
muscle contraction
glandular secretion
Two types of neural cells in the nervous system:
Neurons - For processing, transfer, and storage of information
Neuroglia – For support, regulation & protection of neurons.
Meninges – Connective tissues that surround and protect the brain and
spinal cord (CNS).