John Carlo B.

Llave BSME-1B

GLOBALIZATION 101: Understanding Global Interstate System

Global Interstate System

It is the whole system of human interactions. The modern world-system is structured politically
as an interstate system – a system of competing and allying states. Political Scientists commonly
call this the international system, and it is the main focus of the field of International Relations.
It is responsible for the promotion of responsible, sustainable and universally accessible
tourism.It is the leading international organization in the field of tourism, which promotes
tourism as a driver of economic growth, inclusive development and environmental sustainability
and offers leadership and support to the sector in advancing knowledge and tourism policies
worldwide.

The Development of World System

The world systems perspective emerged during world revolution of 1968 and the antiwar
movement taht produced a generation of scholars who saw the peoples of Global South (Third
World) as more than an undeveloped backwater. It became widely understood that global
power structure existed and that the people of the non-vore had been active participants in
their own liberation. The history of colonialism and deconization were seen more importantly
shaped the structures and institutions of whole global system. A more profound awareness of
Eurocentrism was accompanied by the realization that most national histories had been written
as if each country were on the moon. The nation state as an inviolate, pristine unit of analysis
was now seen to be an inadequate model for teh sociology of development. World-systems are
whole systems of interacting polities and settlements. Systemness means that these polities and
settlements are interacting with one another in important ways - interactions are two-way,
necessary, structured, regularized and reproductive.

The World-Systems Theory

The world-system theory is a macro-scale approach to analyzing the world history of the
mankind and social changes in different countries. The definition of the theory refers to the
division of labor, be it inter-regionally or transnationally. Currently, the theory divides the world
into core, semi-peripheral and peripheral countries.

Core Nations
Core Nations appear to be more powerful, wealthy, and highly independent of outside control.
They are able to deal with bureaucracies effectively; they have powerful militaries amd can
boast wuth strong economies. Due to resources that are available to them (mainly intellectual),
they are able to be at the forefront of technological progress and have sognificant influence on
less developed non-core nations.

Peripheral Nations

These are nations that are least economically developed. One of the main reasons for their
peripheral status is the high percentage of uneducated people who can mainly provide cheap
unskilled labor to the core nations. There is a very high level of social inequality, together with
relatively weak government which is unable to control country's economic activity and the
extensive influence of the core nations.

Semi-peripheral Nations

These are regions that have a less developed economy and are not dominant in the
international trade. In terms of their influence on the world economies, they end up midway
between the core and peripheral countries. However, they strive to get into a dominant position
of the core nation, and it was proved historically that it is possible to gain major influence in the
worldbamd become a core country.

Institutions that govern international relations

UNITED NATION

The United Nations (UN) had 5 founding members after the end of World War II in 1945.
By the end of 2012, the United Nations had 193 member-states. Many of these states
emerged as a result of decolonization in the 1950s and 1960s and the breakup of the
Soviet Union in 1991.

United States President FRANKLIN ROOSEVELT coined the name united nations that was used in
the declaration of United Nation on 1 of January 1942. UN means allies to fight against the Axis
Powers in the Second World War II. Only 26 nation’s representatives pledge their governments
to:

1. Each Government pledges itself to employ its full resources, military or economic, against
those members of the tripartite pact and its adherents with which such government is at war.

2. Each Government pledges itself to cooperate with the Governments signatory hereto and not
to make a separate armistice or peace with the enemies.

International Financial Institutions

  World Bank
 International Monetary Fund
 Asian Development Bank
 African Development Bank

Nationalism vs Globalism

Nationalism
Nationalism, ideology based on the premise that the individual’s loyalty and devotion to
the nation-state surpass other individual or group interests.
Nationalism is a modern movement. Throughout history people have been attached to
their native soil, to the traditions of their parents, and to established territorial
authorities, but it was not until the end of the 18th century that nationalism began to be
a generally recognized sentiment molding public and private life and one of the great, if
not the greatest, single determining factors of modern history. Because of its dynamic
vitality and its all-pervading character, nationalism is often thought to be very old;
sometimes it is mistakenly regarded as a permanent factor in political behaviour.
The term “nationalism” is generally used to describe two phenomena: (1) the attitude
that the members of a nation have when they care about their national identity, and (2)
the actions that the members of a nation take when seeking to achieve (or sustain) self-
determination. (1) raises questions about the concept of a nation (or national identity),
which is often defined in terms of common origin, ethnicity, or cultural ties, and
specifically about whether an individual's membership in a nation should be regarded as
non-voluntary or voluntary. (2) raises questions about whether self-determination must
be understood as involving having full statehood with complete authority over domestic
and international affairs, or whether something less is required.

Globalism
Globalism can have at least two different and opposing meanings. One meaning is the
attitude or policy of placing the interests of the entire world above those of individual
nations. Another is viewing the entire world as a proper sphere for one nation to project
political influence. American political scientist Joseph Nye, co-founder of the
international relations theory of neoliberalism, argues that globalism refers to any
description and explanation of a world which is characterized by networks of
connections that span multi-continental distances; while globalization refers to the
increase or decline in the degree of globalism. In his 2005 book The Collapse of
Globalism and the Reinvention of the World, Canadian philosopher John Ralston Saul
argued that, far from being an inevitable force, globalization is already breaking up into
contradictory pieces and that citizens are reasserting their national interests in both
positive and destructive ways.
Globalism, at its core, seeks to describe and explain nothing more than a world which is
characterized by networks of connections that span multi-continental distances. It
attempts to understand all the inter-connections of the modern world — and to highlight
patterns that underlie (and explain) them. Globalism is a phenomenon with ancient
roots. Thus, the issue is not how old globalism is, but rather how “thin ” or “thick ” it is at
any given time. As an example of “thin globalism, ” the Silk Road provided an economic
and cultural link between ancient Europe and Asia. Getting from thin to thick globalism
is globalization — and how fast we get there is the rate of globalization. Of course, the
Silk Road was plied by only a small group of hardy traders. Its direct impact was felt
primarily by a small group of consumers along the road.In contrast, the operations of
global financial markets today, for instance, affect people from Peoria to Penang. Thus,
“globalization” is the process by which globalism becomes increasingly thick/intense.

The general point is that the increasing intensity, or thickness, of globalism — the
density of networks of interdependence — is not just a difference in degree from the
past. An increasing “thickness” changes relationships, because it means that different
relationships of interdependence intersect more deeply at more different points. At the
same time, it is important to note that globalism does not imply universality. After all, the
connections that make up the networks to define globalism may be more strongly felt in
some parts of the world than in others. For example, at the turn of the 21st century, a
quarter of the U.S. population used the World Wide Web. At the same time, however,
only one-hundredth of one percent of the population of South Asia had access to this
information network.

Reference

Miscevic, Nenad, "Nationalism", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy

(Summer 2018 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL =
<https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/sum2018/entries/nationalism/>.
Kohn, H. (2020, January 10). Nationalism. Retrieved from Encyclopædia
Britannica: https://www.britannica.com/topic/nationalism

Pableo, C. (2019, July 6). Globalization. retrieve from https://www.google.com/url?

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