737593-1-7P AID: 1825 | 03/01/2020

Express the direct strain along the x direction ε x using the following expression;

ε x  σ x  ν  σ y  σ z  
1
…… (1)
E
Here, the term σ x is the normal stress in the x direction, σ y is the normal stress in the y
direction, σ z is the normal stress in the z direction, E is the elastic modulus and ν is the
Poisson’s ratio.

Express the direct strain along the y direction ε y using the following expression;
1
εy  σ y  ν  σ x  σ z   …… (2)
E

Express the direct strain along the z direction ε z using the following expression;

ε z  σ z  ν  σ x  σ y  
1
…… (3)
E

Add the equations (1) (2) and (3) as below.

ε x  ε y  ε z  σ x  σ y  σ z  2ν  σ x  σ y  σ z  
1
E

εx  ε y  εz 
1  2ν  σ  σ  σ 
E 
x y z

Substitute e for ε x  ε y  ε z .

e
1  2ν  σ  σ y  σ z  …… (4)
E  x

Ee
σ y  σz  σ
1  2ν  x
Ee
Substitute  σ for σ y  σ z in equation (1).
1  2ν  x

1  Ee 
εx   σx  ν   σ x 
E  1  2ν 
 νEe 
Eε x  σ x 1  ν    
 1  2ν 
 νEe 
Eε x     σ x 1  ν 
 1  2ν 
E νEe
εx  σ
1  ν  1  2ν 1  ν  x

E νE
Substitute 2G for and  for .
1  ν  1  2ν 1  ν 
2Gε x   e  σ x

Simplify the equation (4) as below.

Ee
σx  σz  σ
1  2ν  y
Ee
Substitute  σ for σ x  σ z in equation (2).
1  2ν  y

1  Ee 
εy   σy  ν  σ y 
E  1  2ν 
 νEe 
Eε y  σ y 1  ν    
 1  2ν 
 νEe 
Eε y     σ y 1  ν 
 1  2ν 
E νEe
εy  σ
1  ν  1  2ν 1  ν  y
E νE
Substitute 2G for and  for .
1  ν  1  2ν 1  ν 
2Gε y   e  σ y
Simplify the equation (4) as below.

Ee
σ y  σz  σ
1  2ν  z
Ee
Substitute  σ for σ y  σ z in equation (3).
1  2ν  z

1  Ee 
εz   σz  ν   σ z 
E  1  2ν 
 νEe 
Eε z  σ z 1  ν    
 1  2ν 
 νEe 
Eε z     σ z 1  ν 
 1  2ν 
E νEe
εz  σ
1  ν  1  2ν 1  ν  z
E νE
Substitute 2G for and  for .
1  ν  1  2ν 1  ν 
2Gε z   e  σ z

Hence, the expressions for the direct stress applied to the x plane, y plane and z plane in
terms of shear modulus G , volumetric strain e and direct strains along the x plane, y
plane and z planes are 2Gε x   e  σ x , 2Gε y  e  σ y and 2Gε z   e  σ z
respectively.