Two nation theory

(Muslim separatism)

Introduction

 India had never seen the abode of single nation

 Hindu and Muslims were quite separate and distinction nations.

Concept of nation

 Hartz says that consciousness is pre-request for nationhood.

 Iqbal said “””” nation is nothing but unity of thought and this unity of thought is
provided by religious ideology.””’’

Nation in Indian context

The existence of Muslim nation can be traced 1000 years back when Al-Baruni in Kitab-ul-Hind
said that””” hindu and Muslim are two different and separate nation.”””

Sir Sayeed used the words “”NATION”” for the Muslims of India

On 24th March 1940 Jinnah said “”’ we are a nation and nation must have
territory. Nations does not live in Air. It live on land, it mast have
territorial state, that is what we went to get.”””’

Hindu Muslim differences

1. Religious differences
Stanly Walparates said “’’ Hindu polytism presents the most striking contrast to Islamic
monotheism than any other religion in the world.””’’
2. Political differences

Islamic democracy an egalitarism faith. No discrimination ….

Hindus, the opposite

3. Economic difference
Islam circulation of wealth
Hindu; capitalistic economy
4. Social differences

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Evolution of two nation theory

1. Hindus exclusiveness and Muslim separation

2. Clash of two process of revivalism
3. Impact of British rule

British polices resulted in Indian nationalism, later on it lead to Muslim Nationalism.

4. Anti Muslims polices of Congress, Akhand Baharat scheme

5. Role of Hindu militant organization
 Shadhi ….. forcefully threw Muslims out of India
 Sanghatan…… militant training to Hindu
 1920---1930,, provided blasphemous literature of defame Islam.

Significance of two nation theory

 Evoke political concessions

 Provided conceptual dynamism for Pakistan movement.
 Basis of Ideology of Pakistan.

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 IDEOLOGY OF PAKISTAN (Muslim NATIONALISM)

EVALUATION
 1883, Sir Syeed demanded a separate electorate for the Muslims
 British administrator, John bright in 1858 recommended the division of the India sub-
continent into 5 regions on communal basis.
 Ch. Rahmat Ali “” NOW AND NEVER’’1933
Simply Pakistan comes into being as a result of movement which was based on an
ideology called the “”’ ideology of Pakistan””’’

Main components
a. Islamic ideology
- Universalism of Islam
- Humanism
- Complete code of life
- Balance between individualism and collectivism
b. Two nation theory
- Hindu and Muslims are two separate nations.
- It provided conceptual inspiration for Pakistan Movement

Iqbal and ideology of Pakistan

When Iqbal was elected the president of All India Muslim League in March 1932, iqbal said “’’’’
we should infuse Islam in our individual and collective lives…. Which be helpful for a strong
country.”””’

 Iqbal’s first letter to Jinnah 28 March 1937

“” the enforcement of Sharia of Islam is impossible in this country with out free Muslim state or
states””’’

In his 2nd letter 21 July 1937

“”” that the only way to a peaceful India on the redistribution of country on the lines of social ,
religious and linguistic affinities.””””

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Jinnah and ideology of Pakistan

On March 1940 Jinnah said

“Muslim is a nation according to any definition of Nation. They must have their homeland
territory and a state. We wish to live in peace with our neighbors as free and independent
people”””’

2nd March we are a nation and nation must have a territory. Nations does not lives in air, it lives
in land.

Why Pakistan was creating?

Evolutionary factors of ideology.

 Ideological cleavage
 Impact of revivalist movements
 British rule of subjugations
 Role of Muslim personalities
 Cultural factor
 Desire for a separate state
 Pan-Islamic consciousness
 Jinnah’s political sagacity
 Congress ministries
 Impact of WW(2)

Significance of ideology of Pakistan

1. Basis for separate states
2. Basis for Pakistan movement
3. Guiding principle for the state of Pakistan
4. Basis for Pakistan’s unity

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Differences of two nation theory and ideology of Pakistan

Two nation theory started

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