POTENCIAS.

n veces
DEFINICIÓN: a = a ⋅ a ⋅ a ⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅ a
n
a∈ n∈
PROPIEDADES:
1) a 0 = 1 ∀a ∈ ℜ 1
8) a − n = ∀a ∈ ℜ
an
2) a 1 = a ∀a ∈ ℜ n ∈N
9) (a ⋅ b ) = a n ⋅ b n ∀a, b ∈ ℜ
n

3) 10 n = 10................0 n ∈N
n
a an
n ceros 10)   = n ∀a, b ∈ ℜ
4) 10 −n = 0' 0................1 n ∈N b b

−n n
n cifras decimales a b
11)   =  ∀a, b ∈ ℜ
5) a n ⋅ a p = a n + p ∀a ∈ ℜ b a
n ∈N
n, p ∈ N

an a n
6) p
= an− p ∀a ∈ ℜ 12) (− a )n = 
si n es par
a − a si n es impar
n

7) (a ) n p
= a n⋅ p ∀a ∈ ℜ

RADICALES
( A)
p p
1) a n
= n ap 4) n
=n A p

2) n
A ⋅ n B = n A⋅ B n⋅ p
5) n p
A= A
n
A A
3) n
= n
B B

Logaritmos: Log a N = x ax = N ( a > 0, a ≠ 1, N > 0 )

 Log a ( A ⋅ B ) = Log a A + Log a B  Ln e = 1
  Ln 1 = 0
Propiedades:  Log  A  = Log A − Log B 
 a  
 Ln e = A
a a
B A

 Log a A = n ⋅ Log a A
n
e LnA = A
 
 Log a n A = Log a A1/ n = Log a A
 n
Factorial de un número : n ! = n ⋅ ( n − 1) ⋅ ( n − 2 ) ⋅ ..... ⋅ 2 ⋅1 ¡OJO¡: 0! = 1
Ej: 5!= 5 ⋅ 4 ⋅ 3 ⋅ 2 ⋅1 = 120
n! n ⋅ ( n − 1) ⋅ ( n − 2 ) !
Ej: = = n ⋅ ( n − 1)
( n − 2)! ( n − 2 )!
n  n!
Números combinatorios:  =
 p  p !( n − p ) !