Alfa Laval 2020 Fuels Challenges & Solutions PDF

2020 Fuels Challenges & Solutions
Kunshan, 2019 July 10th

Andrzej Smolenski
© Alfa Laval www.alfalaval.com/marine
2020 Fuels Challenges
Andrzej Smolenski
2020 Fuels Challenges
Andrzej Smolenski
MARPOL Convention
Prevention of Pollution from Ships
 Revised MARPOL Annex VI, reduces the global Sulphur limit from
current 3.50% to 0.50%, effective from 1 January 2020.
 The limits applicable in ECAs for SOx and particulate matter were reduced
to 0.10%, from 1 January 2015.

How to comply in 2020?
© Alfa Laval Slide 5 www.alfalaval.com/marine

Compliance with Scrubbers
Source: Robin Meech (2017)

Compliance with Scrubbers
“We expect the gasoil to HSFO 2020 price spread to

widen to more than 450 USD/ton”
Bjarne Schieldrop, Chief Analyst Commodities at SEB
Source: IMO2020 Report, March 2018
“We expect scrubber installations to rise quickly,

with scrubbed ships keeping a third of current high-
sulfur fuel in compliant use”
Source: Reuters, September 2018

CO2 Emissions of Alternative Fuels
 LNG can only be an intermediate solution to reach GHG targets
HFO  LNG
‒28% CO2
©Source:
Alfa LavalAL with data from University of Birmingham, Ministry of VROM (Netherlands) www.alfalaval.com/marine
Alternative Fuels
Greenhouse Gas Emissions (GHG)
 The MEPC adopted an initial strategy on the reduction of GHG emissions from
ships in April 2018
 IMO ambition is to reduce the total annual GHG emissions by at least 50% by 2050
compared to 2008
 Technological innovation and the global introduction of alternative fuels and/or energy
sources for international shipping will be integral to achieve the target
 Anyone planning to finance, design or build a ship in the 2020s will need to consider
how it can switch to a non-fossil fuel later in its operational life
 Short-term targets will be formulated by IMO in already 2023

How will ships operate in 30 years?
© Source:
Alfa LavalUCL Energy Institute www.alfalaval.com/marine
2020 and shortly after belong to 0,5%S fuels
450
LNG ready
LNG
On order
In 2026 the number of ships operating on LNG
will reach 163, number of LNG ready ships is
In operation
expected to increase to 141 vessels and 155
being on order. Total 459 ships.
2026
3500
Scrubbers
In operation
In 2023 a total numer of ships equipped with
scrubbers will increase to 3502. After this it
will increase but with more moderate pace.
2023
How will 0.5% Sulphur fuel look like?
High variety of different fuel blends
Terms and Definitions are ready
 Marine fuels can be also be categorized by sulphur content.

The international council on combustion engines (CIMAC)
suggests the following nomenclature:
− High sulphur fuel oil (HSFO): max. 3.50% sulphur

− Very low sulphur fuel oil (VLSFO): max. 0.50% sulphur
− Ultra low sulphur fuel oil (ULSFO): max. 0.10% sulphur

Today’s Oil consumption in transportation
 Global oil consumption in transportation is 2.2 Billion MT

Fully Electric Porsche Mission E (2019)
 Electric engine with 600+ hp
 Range: 500 Km
 With 800 V high-voltage charging system, a range of 400 km in 15 minutes will be possible
 Is the range and charging time issue now to be solved soon?

How will 0.50% sulphur fuel look like?
Density and Viscosity will decrease

Efficient rafining

Density and Viscosity will differ
© Alfa Laval Source: VeriFuel and Alfa Laval 2018 www.alfalaval.com/marine

 RMD 80 and RMG 180 probably the most common grades. However, large range of
viscosities: 2 - 600 cSt.
 With a slightly more paraffinic nature
 Catalytic fines will be there in varying amounts and more hard to predict: max. 60 ppm
(ISO RMG)

Knowledge, knowledge and housekeeping
 Blending residual feedstocks with paraffinic

cutter stocks increases the risk of asphaltene
precipitation
 Special knowledge is needed to avoid stability,

compatibility and pour point issues

Cat fines threatens the engine
Sample repair costs

Cylinder liners (per liner)………….
USD 25,000
Piston rings…………………………
USD 5,000
Fuel pump components……………

USD 5,000
Off-hire of vessel…………………...
USD 20,000
(10-40 days) per day

More about Catalitic Fines …
http://marine.man.eu/marketing- https://www.alfalaval.com/industries/marine-
publications/catfines-paper transportation/marine/oil-treatment/fuel-line

Will the new 0.50% fuel fit in ISO 8217?
 Yes! The general requirements of ISO 8217:2017 cover VLSFO in the same way as
they cover today’s fuels but with statutory requirements for Sulphur content.
 2017 edition introduces DF (Distillate FAME) grades DFA, DFZ and DFB which allow
up to 7% fatty acid methyl ester(s) (FAME) content by volume
 ISO will publish a ”Publicly Available Specification (PAS)” in August with
recommendations for handling these fuels in terms of viscosity, density, cat fines,
stability, compatibility, …

2020 Fuels Solutions
Andrzej Smolenski
Focus on separation performance
Separator bowl The disc stack

Understandings the disc stack
 Particle flow pattern

LP
HP
 Multiphase flow pattern
 Pressure drop
 Re-mixing
Flow direction
Up
Down
Poorly design separator will not maintain high efficiency for the time period
Inside separator bowl
Liquid levels what determain interface between Gravity Disc

Oil and Water
• Level of water
• Level of clean oil
• Level of dirty oil
In conventional purifier the correct size of Gravity Disc

is essential for efficient separation

S – separator ALCAP type

ALCAP – the reccommended separator

OPEX

S – separator minimized wear and tear
Centri Lock
Cetri Shoot

One System control
PS
PI
Mt50
PI PI

Modules
Plug & Play installation
• Complete system with heater, pump

and ancillaries
• Fast and easy installation
• Flexible configuration
• Fixed foot print and connections
• Tested at factory

Conventional fuel system
Recirculation
 Fuel feed to separator is independent from engine load

 Large portion of oil recirculates during slow steaming
 Recirculation adds to energy costs
 The high flow rate leads to less efficient separation and an increased risk
of engine damage
One Separator – Slow Steaming

Separation efficiency v/s flow
100% of design flow rate

Separation efficiency v/s flow
By reducing the flow rate, the separation efficiency increases
50% of design flow rate

FlowSync – Operating Principle
Controller
Multiple separators – One controller
Pump Engine
Flow Load
Flow Transmitter
FT
Slide 39
www.alfalaval.com
One Separator – with FlowSync

Summary
Alfa Laval Separation, link to 2020 Fuels
 CFR certified HSS

Cat Fine
Issues
 Superior bowl design
 FlowSync to optimize performance
Engine Protection
More fuel  ALCAP System to handle density and

variations viscosity variations
Fuel Flexibility
Thank you for attention
Alfa Laval Separation
– be a step ahead

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2020 Fuels Challenges & Solutions

Kunshan, 2019 July 10th

© Alfa Laval www.alfalaval.com/marine

© Alfa Laval Slide 5 www.alfalaval.com/marine

Source: Robin Meech (2017)

“We expect the gasoil to HSFO 2020 price spread to

“We expect scrubber installations to rise quickly,

Source: Reuters, September 2018

© Alfa Laval www.alfalaval.com/marine

© Alfa Laval www.alfalaval.com/marine

 Marine fuels can be also be categorized by sulphur content.

− High sulphur fuel oil (HSFO): max. 3.50% sulphur

© Alfa Laval www.alfalaval.com/marine

© Alfa Laval www.alfalaval.com/marine

© Alfa Laval www.alfalaval.com/marine

© Alfa Laval Slide 16 www.alfalaval.com/marine

© Alfa Laval Slide 17 www.alfalaval.com/marine

© Alfa Laval Source: VeriFuel and Alfa Laval 2018 www.alfalaval.com/marine

© Alfa Laval Slide 19 www.alfalaval.com/marine

 Blending residual feedstocks with paraffinic

 Special knowledge is needed to avoid stability,

© Alfa Laval Slide 20 www.alfalaval.com/marine

Sample repair costs

Fuel pump components……………

© Alfa Laval www.alfalaval.com/marine

© Alfa Laval www.alfalaval.com/marine

© Alfa Laval Slide 23 www.alfalaval.com/marine

Separator bowl The disc stack

© Alfa Laval www.alfalaval.com/marine

 Particle flow pattern

Liquid levels what determain interface between Gravity Disc

• Level of clean oil

• Level of dirty oil

In conventional purifier the correct size of Gravity Disc

© Alfa Laval www.alfalaval.com/marine

© Alfa Laval www.alfalaval.com/marine

© Alfa Laval www.alfalaval.com/marine

© Alfa Laval www.alfalaval.com/marine

© Alfa Laval Slide 32 www.alfalaval.com/marine

© Alfa Laval www.alfalaval.com/marine

• Complete system with heater, pump

© Alfa Laval www.alfalaval.com/marine

 Fuel feed to separator is independent from engine load

© Alfa Laval Slide 36 www.alfalaval.com/marine

100% of design flow rate

© Alfa Laval www.alfalaval.com/marine

By reducing the flow rate, the separation efficiency increases

50% of design flow rate

© Alfa Laval www.alfalaval.com/marine

Multiple separators – One controller

© Alfa Laval Slide 40 www.alfalaval.com/marine

 CFR certified HSS

More fuel  ALCAP System to handle density and

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