Excel Review Center ECE Refresher/Coaching Course Elec TH 1

How many terminals does a diode have? Calculate the power dissipation of a diode
2 (Ans.) having ID = 40 mA.
28 W (Ans.)
What is the resistor value of an ideal diode in
the region of conduction? Which capacitor appears in the forward-bias
0  (Ans.) region?
4  (Ans.)
What is the state of an ideal diode in the region
of nonconduction? Which capacitor appears in the forward-bias
An open circuit (Ans.) region?
Diffusion (Ans.) 4.1 mA (Ans.)
The diode _____.
A. is the simplest of semiconductor devices At what kind of operating frequency diffusion In a particular problem, which mode has the
B. has characteristics that closely match those or transition is a capacitor represented in highest level of IDQ?
of a simple switch parallel with the ideal diode? Ideal (Ans.)
C. is a two-terminal device Very high frequency (Ans.)
D. All of the above (Ans.) A diode is in the "_____ " state if the current
What is the value of the transition capacitor for established by the applied sources is such that
The ideal diode is a(n) _____ circuit in the a silicon diode when VD = 0? (Choose the best its direction matches that of the arrow in the
region of nonconduction. answer.) diode symbol, and VD ≥ 0.7 V for Si and VD ≥
open (Ans.) 3 pF (Ans.) 0.3 V for Ge.
on (Ans.)
Which of the following is an atom composed Which of the following devices can check the
of? condition of a semiconductor diode? An open circuit can have any voltage across its
A. Electrons A. Digital display meter (DDM) terminals, but the current is always _____.
B. Protons B. Multimeter 0 V (Ans.)
C. Neutrons C. Curve tracer
D. All of the above (Ans.) D. All of the above (Ans.) A short circuit has a _____ drop across its
terminals, and the current is limited only by
How many orbiting electrons does the What does a high resistance reading in both the surrounding network.
germanium atom have? forward- and reverse-bias directions indicate? 0 V (Ans.)
14 (Ans.) An open diode (Ans.)
What is the logic function of this circuit?
How many valence electrons does a silicon The condition of a semiconductor diode can be
atom have? determined quickly using a _____.
4 (Ans.) A. DDM
B. VOM
One eV is equal to _____ J. C. curve tracer
1.6 × 10–19 (Ans.) D. Any of the above (Ans.)

Which of the following elements is most
frequently used for doping pure Ge or Si?
A. Boron
B. Gallium
C. Indium
D. All of the above (Ans.)
The diffused impurities with _____ valence
electrons are called donor atoms.
5 (Ans.)
Determine the nominal voltage for the Zener
diode at a temperature of 120° C if the nominal
voltage is 5.1 volts at 25° C and the Positive logic OR gate (Ans.)
temperature coefficient is 0.05%/° C.
5.34 V (Ans.) What is the logic function of this circuit?
Calculate the temperature coefficient in %/° C
of a 10-V nominal Zener diode at 25° C if the
nominal voltage is 10.2 V at 100° C.
0.0267 (Ans.)

In what state is a silicon diode if the voltage In which of the following color(s) is (are)
drop across it is about 0.7 V? LEDs presently available?
Forward bias (Ans.) A. Yellow
B. White
Positive logic AND gate (Ans.)
What unit is used to represent the level of a C. Orange
What best describes the circuit?
diode forward current IF? D. All of the above (Ans.)
mA (Ans.)
What is the maximum power rating for LEDs?
Which of the following ratings is true? 150 mW (Ans.)
Si diodes have higher PIV and wider
temperature ranges than Ge diodes. (Ans.) In which of the following is the light intensity
measured?
It is not uncommon for a germanium diode Candela (Ans.)
with an Is in the order of 1–2 µA at 25°C to Half-wave rectifier (Ans.)
have leakage current of 0.1 mA at a What is the range of the operating voltage
temperature of 100°C. level for LEDs? What best describes the circuit?
True (Ans.) 1.7–3.3 V (Ans.)

Calculate static resistance RD of a diode In general, LEDs operate at voltage levels

having ID = 30 mA and VD = 0.75 V. from _____ V to _____ V.
25  (Ans.) 1.7, 3.3 (Ans.)

Calculate ID if RD = 30 Ω and VD = 0.84 V.
28 mA (Ans.)
The _____ diode model is employed most
frequently in the analysis of electronic
systems.
simplified (Ans.)
Which diode(s) has (have) a zero level current
and voltage drop in the ideal model?
Both Si and Ge (Ans.)
Use the information provided here to
determine the value of IDQ.
Full-wave rectifier (Ans.)
List the categories of clippers.
Parallel (Ans.)

1
Excel Review Center ECE Refresher/Coaching Course Elec TH 1
What best describes the circuit? Which of the following is (are) the terminal(s) Calculate βdc at VCE = 15 V and IB = 30 μA.
of a transistor?
A. Emitter
B. Base
C. Collector
D. All of the above (Ans.)

List the types of bipolar junction transistors.

ppn, npn (Ans.)
Clipper (Ans.) Transistors are _____-terminal devices.
3 (Ans.)
Determine the total discharge time for the
capacitor in a clamper having C = 0.01 F and How many carriers participate in the injection
R = 500 k process of a unipolar device? 110 (Ans.)
25 ms (Ans.) 1 (Ans.)
Which of the following configurations can a
With this Zener diode in its "on state," what is Which component of the collector current IC is transistor set up?
the level of IZ for the maximum load called the leakage current? A. Common-base
resistance? Minority (Ans.) B. Common-emitter
C. Common-collector
For a properly biased pnp transistor, let IC = 10 D. All of the above (Ans.)
mA and IE = 10.2 mA. What is the level of IB?
200 μA (Ans.) Determine the value of α when β= 100.
0.99 (Ans.)
Calculate minority current ICO if IC = 20.002
mA and IC majority = 20 mA. What is the most frequently encountered
2 μA (Ans.) transistor configuration?
Common-emitter (Ans.)
IZM (Ans.) Which of the following regions is (are) part of
the output characteristics of a transistor? βdc for this set of collector characteristics is
In a voltage regulator network with fixed RL A. Active within _____ percent of βac.
and R, what element dictates the minimum B. Cutoff
level of source voltage? C. Saturation
IZ (Ans.) D. All of the above (Ans.)

Which element dictates the maximum level of In which region are both the collector-base and
source voltage? base-emitter junctions forward-biased?
Saturation (Ans.)

How much is the base-to-emitter voltage of a

transistor in the "on" state?
0.7 V (Ans.)

In the active region, while the collector-base

junction is _____-biased, the base-emitter is
10 (Ans.)
_____-biased.
reverse, forward (Ans.)
βdc = ________
IZM (Ans.) IC / IB (Ans.)
What is dc equal to?
IC / IE (Ans.)
What is the peak inverse voltage across each What is (are) the component(s) of most
diode in a voltage doubler? specification sheets provided by the
What are the ranges of the ac input and output
2Vm (Ans.) manufacturer?
resistance for a common-base configuration?
A. Maximum ratings
10–100 , 50 k –1 M (Ans.) B. Thermal characteristics
What is the voltage measured from the
negative terminal of C4 to the negative C. Electrical characteristics
For what kind of amplifications can the active D. All of the above (Ans.)
terminal of the transformer?
region of the common-emitter configuration be
used? What is (are) the component(s) of electrical
A. Voltage characteristics on the specification sheets?
B. Current A. On
C. Power B. Off
D. All of the above (Ans.) C. Small-signal characteristics
D. All of the above (Ans.)
Use this table of collector characteristics to
calculate βac at VCE = 15 V and IB = 30 μA. Most specification sheets are broken down into
20 V (Ans.) _____.
A. maximum ratings
B. thermal characteristics
In what decade was the first transistor
C. electrical characteristics
discovered?
D. All of the above (Ans.)
1940s (Ans.)
Which of the following equipment can check
How many layers of material does a transistor
the condition of a transistor?
have?
A. Current tracer
3 (Ans.)
B. Digital display meter (DDM)
C. Ohmmeter (VOM)
What is the ratio of the total width to that of
100 (Ans.) D. All of the above (Ans.)
the center layer for a transistor?
150:1 (Ans.)

2
Excel Review Center
Which of the following can be obtained from
the last scale factor of a curve tracer?
hFE (Ans.)
Calculate βac for IC = 15 mA and VCE = 5 V.
200 (Ans.)
What range of resistor values would you get
when checking a transistor for forward- and
reverse-biased conditions by an ohmmeter?
100 to a few k , exceeding 100 k (Ans.)
What does a reading of a large or small
resistance in forward- and reverse-biased
conditions indicate when checking a transistor
using an ohmmeter?
Faulty device (Ans.)
A transistor can be checked using a(n) _____.
A. curve tracer
B. digital meter
C. ohmmeter
D. Any of the above (Ans.)
How many individual pnp silicon transistors
can be housed in a 14-pin plastic dual-in-line
package?
4 (Ans.)
Which of the following currents is nearly equal
to each other?
IE and IC (Ans.)
The ratio of which two currents is represented
by β?
IC and IB (Ans.)
At what region of operation is the base-emitter
junction forward biased and the base-collector
junction reverse biased?
Linear or active (Ans.)
The cutoff region is defined by IB _____ 0 A.
≤ (Ans.)
The saturation region is defined by VCE _____
VCEsat.
≤ (Ans.)
For the BJT to operate in the active (linear)
region, the base-emitter junction must be
_____-biased and the base-collector junction
must be _____-biased.
forward, reverse (Ans.)
For the BJT to operate in the saturation region,
the base-emitter junction must be _____-
biased and the base-collector junction must be
_____-biased.
forward, forward (Ans.)
Which of the following voltages must have a
negative level (value) in any npn bias circuit?
VBC (Ans.)
Which of the following is assumed in the
approximate analysis of a voltage divider
circuit?
A. IB is essentially zero amperes.
ECE Refresher/Coaching Course
B. R1 and R2 are considered to be series
elements
C. βRE ≥10R2
D. All of the above (Ans.)
Which of the following is (are) related to an
emitter-follower configuration?
A. The input and output signals are in phase.
B. The voltage gain is slightly less than 1.
C. Output is drawn from the emitter terminal.
D. All of the above (Ans.)
Which of the following is (are) the
application(s) of a transistor?
A. Amplification of signal
B. Switching and control
C. Computer logic circuitry
D. All of the above (Ans.)
Calculate the storage time in a transistor
switching network if toff is 56 ns, tf = 14 ns,
and tr = 20 ns.
42 ns (Ans.)
The total time required for the transistor to
switch from the "off" to the "on" state is
designated as ton and defined as the delay time
plus the time element.
True (Ans.)
For the typical transistor amplifier in the active
region, VCE is usually about _____ % to _____
% of VCC.
25, 75 (Ans.)
Which of the following is (are) a stability
factor?
A. S(ICO)
B. S(VBE)
C. S(β)
D. All of the above (Ans.)
In a fixed-bias circuit, which one of the
stability factors overrides the other factors?
S(β) (Ans.)
In a voltage-divider circuit, which one of the
stability factors has the least effect on the
device at very high temperature?
S(β) (Ans.)
Use this table to determine the change in IC
from 25ºC to 175ºC for RB / RE = 250 due to
the S(ICO) stability factor.
140.34 A (Ans.)
Determine the change in IC from 25ºC to
175ºC for the transistor defined in this table for
fixed-bias with RB = 240 kΩ and β= 100 due
to the S(VBE) stability factor.
145.8 μA (Ans.)
Determine ICQ at a temperature of 175º C if ICQ
= 2 mA at 25º C for RB / RE = 20 due to the
S(β) stability factor.
2.417 mA (Ans.)
3
Elec TH 1
Which of the following techniques can be used
in the sinusoidal ac analysis of transistor
networks?
Small- or large-signal (Ans.)
What is the limit of the efficiency defined by =
Po / Pi?
Less than or equal to 1 (Ans.)
Which of the following define(s) the
conversion efficiency?
AC power to the load/dc power supplied
(Ans.)
Which of the following should be done to
obtain the ac equivalent of a network?
A. Set all dc sources to zero
B. Replace all capacitors by a short-circuit
equivalent.
C. Remove all elements bypassed by the short-
circuit equivalent.
D. All of the above (Ans.)
The _____ model suffers from being limited to
a particular set of operating conditions if it is
to be considered accurate.
hybrid equivalent (Ans.)
The _____ model fails to account for the
output impedance level of the device and the
feedback effect from output to input.
re (Ans.)
Which of the following is (are) true regarding
the input impedance for frequencies in the
midrange ≤100 kHz of a BJT transistor
amplifier?
A. The input impedance is purely resistive.
B. It varies from a few ohms to megohms.
C. An ohmmeter cannot be used to measure
the small-signal ac input impedance.
D. All of the above (Ans.)
Which of the following is (are) true regarding
the output impedance for frequencies in the
midrange ≤100 kHz of a BJT transistor
amplifier?
A. The output impedance is purely resistive.
B. It varies from a few ohms to more than 2
MΩ.
C. An ohmmeter cannot be used to measure
the small-signal ac output impedance.
D. All of the above (Ans.)
What is the range of the current gain for BJT
transistor amplifiers?
A. less than 1
B. 1 to 100
C. above 100
D. All of the above (Ans.)
The input impedance of a BJT amplifier is
purely _____ in nature and can vary from a
few _____ to _____.
resistive, ohms, megohms (Ans.)
For BJT amplifiers, the _____ gain typically
ranges from a level just less than 1 to a level
that may exceed 1000.
current (Ans.)
What is the unit of the parameter ho?
Siemen (Ans.)
Which of the h-parameters corresponds to r e in
a common-base configuration?
hib (Ans.)
What is the range of the input impedance of a
common-base configuration?
Excel Review Center
A few ohms to a maximum of 50 (Ans.)
What is the typical value of the current gain of
a common-base configuration?
Less than 1 (Ans.)
What is the controlling current in a common-
base configuration?
Ie (Ans.)
What is the typical range of the output
impedance of a common-emitter
configuration?
40 kΩ to 50 kΩ (Ans.)
Under which of the following conditions is the
output impedance of the network
approximately equal to RC for a common-
emitter fixed-bias configuration?
ro ≥10RC (Ans.)
Under which of the following condition(s) is
the current gain A v   ?
ro ≥10RC and RB ≥10re (Ans.)
What does the negative sign in the voltage
gain of the common-emitter fixed-bias
configuration indicate?
The output and input voltages are 180º out of
phase. (Ans.)
For the common-emitter fixed-bias
configuration, there is a _____ phase shift
between the input and output signals.
180º (Ans.)
Which of the following configurations has an
output impedance Zo equal to RC?
A. Fixed-bias common-emitter
B. Common-emitter voltage-divider with
bypass capacitor
C. Common-emitter voltage-divider without
bypass capacitor
D. All of the above (Ans.)
Which of the following configurations has a
voltage gain of –RC /re?
Fixed-bias common-emitter and voltage-
divider with bypass capacitor(Ans.)
Which of the following configurations has the
lowest output impedance?
Emitter-follower (Ans.)
The _____ configuration is frequently used for
impedance matching.
voltage-divider bias (Ans.)
The emitter-follower configuration has a
_____ impedance at the input and a _____
impedance at the output.
high, low (Ans.)
Which of the following gains is less than 1 for
a common-base configuration?
Ai (Ans.)
Which of the following conditions must be met
to allow the use of the approximate approach
in a voltage-divider bias configuration?
βre < 10R2 (Ans.)
Which one of the following configurations has
the lowest input impedance?
Common-base (Ans.)
For the collector dc feedback configuration,
there is a _____ phase shift between the input
and output signals.
180º (Ans.)
ECE Refresher/Coaching Course
Which of the following represent(s) the
advantage(s) of the system approach over the
r-model approach?
A. Thevenin's theorem can be used.
B. The effect of changing the load can be
determined by a simple equation.
C. There is no need to go back to the ac
equivalent model and analyze the entire
network.
D. All of the above (Ans.)
Which of the following is (are) true to achieve
a good overall voltage gain for the circuit?
The effect of Rs and RL must be considered as
a product and evaluated individually. (Ans.)
The _____ the source resistance and/or _____
the load resistance, the less the overall gain of
an amplifier.
larger, smaller (Ans.)
The current gain for the Darlington connection
is _____.
β1 . β2 (Ans.)
What is the voltage gain of a feedback pair
connection?
1 (Ans.)
Which of the following circuits provides an
improved constant-current source?
Transistor/zener (Ans.)
Which of the following is referred to as the
reverse transfer voltage ratio?
hr (Ans.)
In an unbypassed emitter bias configuration h ie
replaces _____ in the re model.
βre (Ans.)
Which of the following controls the level of
ID?
VGS (Ans.)
Which of the following is (are) an FET?
p-n channel (Ans.)
What is the range of an FET's input
impedance?
1 M to several hundred M (Ans.)
Which of the following transistor(s) has (have)
depletion and enhancement types?
MOSFET (Ans.)
A BJT is a _____-controlled device. The JFET
is a _____ - controlled device.
current, voltage (Ans.)
The BJT is a _____ device. The FET is a
_____ device.
bipolar, unipolar (Ans.)
List the terminal(s) of a field-effect transistor
(FET).
A. Drain
B. Gate
C. Source
D. All of the above (Ans.)
What is the level of IG in an FET?
Zero amperes (Ans.)
At which of the following is the level of VDS
equal to the pinch-off voltage?
A. When ID becomes equal to IDSS
B. When VGS is zero volts
C. IG is zero
4
Elec TH 1
D. All of the above (Ans.)
At which of the following condition(s) is the
depletion region uniform?
No bias (Ans.)
What is the level of drain current ID for gate-
to-source voltages VGS less than (more
negative than) the pinch-off level?
zero amperes (Ans.)
The three terminals of the JFET are the _____,
_____, and _____.
gate, drain, source (Ans.)
The level of VGS that results in ID = 0 mA is
defined by VGS = _____.
VP (Ans.)
The region to the left of the pinch-off locus is
referred to as the _____ region.
ohmic (Ans.)
Which of the following represent(s) the cutoff
region for an FET?
A. ID = 0 mA
B. VGS = VP
C. IG = 0
D. All of the above (Ans.)
What is the ratio of ID / IDSS for VGS = 0.5 VP?
0.25 (Ans.)
The drain current will always be one-fourth of
IDSS as long as the gate-to-source voltage is
_____ the pinch-off value.
one-half (Ans.)
Which of the following ratings appear(s) in the
specification sheet for an FET?
A. Voltages between specific terminals
B. Current levels
C. Power dissipation
D. All of the above (Ans.)
Refer to this portion of a specification sheet.
Determine the values of reverse-gate-source
voltage and gate current if the FET was forced
to accept it.
–25 Vdc, 10 mAdc (Ans.)
Hand-held instruments are available to
measure _____ for the BJT.
IDSS (Ans.)
How many terminals can a MOSFET have?
3 or 4 (Ans.)
Which of the following applies to MOSFETs?
A. No direct electrical connection between the
gate terminal and the channel
B. Desirable high input impedance
C. Uses metal for the gate, drain, and source
connections
D. All of the above (Ans.)
It is the insulating layer of _____ in the
MOSFET construction that accounts for the
very desirable high input impedance of the
device.
SiO2 (Ans.)
Excel Review Center
The transfer curve is not defined by Shockley's
equation for the _____.
enhancement-type MOSFET (Ans.)
Which of the following applies to a safe
MOSFET handling?
A. Always pick up the transistor by the casing.
B. Power should always be off when network
changes are made.
C. Always touch ground before handling the
device.
D. All of the above (Ans.)
What is the purpose of adding two Zener
diodes to the MOSFET in this figure?
To protect the MOSFET for both polarities
(Ans.)
Which of the following is (are) the
advantage(s) of VMOS over MOSFETs?
A. Reduced channel resistance
B. Higher current and power ratings
C. Faster switching time
D. All of the above (Ans.)
Which of the following FETs has the lowest
input impedance?
JFET (Ans.)
Which of the following input impedances is
not valid for a JFET?
108 Ω (Ans.)
What is the approximate current level in the
gate of an FET in dc analysis?
0 A (Ans.)
Which of the following current equations is
true?
ID = IS (Ans.)
For the FET, the relationship between the
input and output quantities is _____ due to the
_____ term in Shockley's equation.
nonlinear, squared (Ans.)
The input controlling variable for a(n) _____ is
a current level and a voltage level for a(n)
_____.
BJT, FET (Ans.)
The self-bias configuration eliminates the need
for two dc supplies.
True (Ans.)
Which of the following is (are) true of a self-
bias configuration compared to a fixed-bias
configuration?
A. One of the dc supplies is eliminated.
B. A resistor RS is added.
C. VGS is a function of the output current ID.
D. All of the above (Ans.)
Which of the following represents the voltage
level of VGS in a self-bias configuration?
VS (Ans.)
Which of the following is a false statement
regarding the dc load line when comparing
self-bias and voltage-divider configurations?
Both cross the origin. (Ans.)
ECE Refresher/Coaching Course
For what value of RD is the voltage across VDS
zero?
5.167 k (Ans.)
Which of the following describe(s) the
difference(s) between JFETs and depletion-
type MOSFETs?
A. VGS can be positive or negative for the
depletion-type.
B. ID can exceed IDSS for the depletion-type.
C. The depletion-type can operate in the
enhancement mode.
D. All of the above (Ans.)
On the universal JFET bias curve, the vertical
scale labeled _____ can, in itself, be used to
find the solution to _____ configurations.
m, fixed-bias (Ans.)
Through proper design, a ______ can be
introduced that will affect the biasing level of
a voltage-controlled JFET resistor.
thermistor (Ans.)
For the noninverting amplifier, one of the most
important advantages associated with using a
JFET for control is the fact that it is _____
rather than _____ control.
dc, ac (Ans.)
FET amplifiers provide ________.
A. excellent voltage gain
B. high input impedance
C. low power consumption
D. All of the above (Ans.)
The E-MOSFET is quite popular in ________
applications.
A. digital circuitry
B. high-frequency
C. buffering
D. All of the above (Ans.)
What is the range of gm for JFETs?
1000 μS to 5000 μS (Ans.)
For what value of ID is gm equal to 0.5 gm0?
0.25 IDSS (Ans.)
What is the typical value for the input
impedance Zi for JFETs?
1000 M (Ans.)
Use the following equation to calculate gm for
a JFET having IDSS = 10 mA, VP = –5 V, and
VGSQ = –2.5 V.
2 mS (Ans.)
The steeper the slope of the ID versus VGS
curve, the ________ the level of gm.
less (Ans.)
When VGS = 0.5, gm is ________ the
maximum value.
one-half (Ans.)
If ID = IDSS / 2, gm = ___________ gmo.
0.707 (Ans.)
The more horizontal the characteristic curves
on the drain characteristics, the ________ the
output impedance.
greater (Ans.)
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Elec TH 1
What is (are) the function(s) of the coupling
capacitors C1 and C2 in an FET circuit?
A. to create an open circuit for dc analysis
B. to isolate the dc biasing arrangement from
the applied signal and load
C. to create a short-circuit equivalent for ac
analysis
D. All of the above (Ans.)
Where do you get the level of gm and rd for an
FET transistor?
A. from the dc biasing arrangement
B. from the specification sheet
C. from the characteristics
D. All of the above (Ans.)
Which of the following is a required condition
to simplify the equations for Zo and Av for the
self-bias configuration?
rd ≥10RD (Ans.)
On which of the following parameters does rd
have no or little impact in a source-follower
configuration?
A. Zi
B. Zo
C. Av
D. All of the above (Ans.)
Which of the following is (are) related to
depletion-type MOSFETs?
A.VGSQ can be negative, zero, or positive.
B. gm can be greater or smaller than gm0.
C. ID can be larger than IDSS.
D. All of the above (Ans.)
For an FET small-signal amplifier, one could
go about troubleshooting a circuit by
________.
A. viewing the circuit board for poor solder
joints
B. using a dc meter
C. applying a test ac signal
D. All of the above (Ans.)
What is the ratio of the common logarithm of a
number to its natural logarithm?
2.3 (Ans.)
By what factor does an audio level change if
the power level changes from 16 W to 1024
W?
8 (Ans.)
The input power to a device is 10,000 W at
1000 V. The output power is 500 W, and the
output impedance is 100 . Find the voltage
gain in decibels.
–13.01 dB (Ans.)
What magnitude voltage gain corresponds to a
decibel gain of 50?
316.238 (Ans.)
An amplifier rated at 30-W output is connected
to a 5-Ω speaker. Calculate the input power
required for full power output if the power
gain is 20 dB.
300 mW (Ans.)
An amplifier rated at 30-W output is connected
to a 5-Ω speaker. Calculate the input voltage
for the rated output if the amplifier voltage
gain is 20 dB.
1.225 V (Ans.)
For audio systems, the reference level is
generally accepted as ________.
1 mW (Ans.)
Excel Review Center
For which of the following frequency region(s)
can the coupling and bypass capacitors no
longer be replaced by the short-circuit
approximation?
Low-frequency (Ans.)
By what other name(s) are the cutoff
frequencies in a frequency response plot
called?
A. Corner frequency
B. Break frequency
C. Half-power frequency
D. All of the above (Ans.)
What is the ratio of the output power to the
input power at the cutoff frequencies in a
normalized frequency response plot?
0.50 (Ans.)
What is the ratio of the output voltage to the
input voltage at the cutoff frequencies in a
normalized frequency response plot?
0.707 (Ans.)
What is the normalized gain expressed in dB
for the cutoff frequencies?
–3 dB (Ans.)
The ________-frequency response is
calculated primarily by the stray capacitance
between the turns of the primary and
secondary windings.
high (Ans.)
The larger capacitive elements of the design
will determine the ________ cutoff frequency.
low (Ans.)
The smaller capacitive elements of the design
will determine the ________ cutoff
frequencies.
high (Ans.)
What is the ratio of the capacitive reactance
XCS to the input resistance R I of the input RC
circuit of a single-stage BJT amplifier at the
low-frequency cutoff?
1.0 (Ans.)
In the input RC circuit of a single-stage BJT,
by how much does the base voltage lead the
input voltage for frequencies much larger than
the cutoff frequency in the low-frequency
region?
About 90º (Ans.)
In the input RC circuit of a single-stage BJT,
by how much does the base voltage lead the
input voltage at the cutoff frequency in the
low-frequency region?
About 0º (Ans.)
Determine the break frequency for this circuit.
31.85 Hz (Ans.)
A change in frequency by a factor of
________ is equivalent to 1 octave.
2 (Ans.)
A change in frequency by a factor of
________ is equivalent to 1 decade.
ECE Refresher/Coaching Course Elec TH 1
10 (Ans.) single-ended input (Ans.)
For the low-frequency response of a BJT
amplifier, the maximum gain is where This circuit is an example of a _____.
________ .
RE = 0 Ω (Ans.)
Which of the low-frequency cutoffs
determined by CS, CC, or CE will be the
predominant factor in determining the low-
frequency response for the complete system?
lowest (Ans.)
Which of the following elements is (are)
important in determining the gain of the double-ended (differential) input (Ans.)
system in the high-frequency region?
A. Interelectrode capacitances
This circuit is an example of a _____.
B. Wiring capacitances
C. Miller effect capacitance
D. All of the above (Ans.)
In the ________-frequency region, the
capacitive elements of importance are the
interelectrode (between terminals)
capacitances internal to the active device and
the wiring capacitance between the leads of the
network. double-ended output (Ans.)
high (Ans.)
This circuit is an example of a _____.
Which of the following capacitors is (are)
included in Ci for the high-frequency region of
a BJT or FET amplifier?
A. Input wiring capacitance
B. The transition capacitance)
C. Miller capacitance
D. All of the above (Ans.)
In the hybrid π or Giacoletto model, which one
of the following does rb include? common-mode operation (Ans.)
A. Base spreading resistance
B. Base contact In which of the following operations is the
C. Base bulk resulting output signal of the differential
D. All of the above (Ans.) amplifier near zero?
Single-ended (Ans.)
Which of the following configurations does
(do) not involve the Miller effect capacitance? In the differential amplifier circuit, which of
Common-base (Ans.) the following terminals are connected
together?
A 3-dB drop in hfe will occur at a frequency Bases (Ans.)
defined by ________.
fβ (Ans.) Which of the following circuits is referred to
as a BiMOS circuit?
What is the range of the capacitors C gs and Bipolar and MOSFET (Ans.)
Cgd?
1 to 10 pF (Ans.) An IC unit made using both _____ and _____
transistors is called a _____ circuit.
What is the range of the capacitor Cds? bipolar, MOSFET, BiMOS (Ans.)
0.1 to 1 pF (Ans.)
What is the level of the voltage between the
Which of the following statements is true for a input terminals of an op-amp?
square-wave signal? Virtually zero (Ans.)
It is composed only of odd harmonics. (Ans.)
What is the level of the current through the
In which of the following are operational amplifier input(s) to ground in an op-amp?
amplifiers (op-amps) used? Virtually zero (Ans.)
A. Oscillators
B. Filters If Rf = R1, the voltage gain is _____.
C. Instrumentation circuits
D. All of the above (Ans.)
This circuit is an example of a _____.
–1 (Ans.)
6
Excel Review Center
Calculate the overall voltage gain of the circuit
if R1 = 100 and Rf = 1 kΩ.
–10 (Ans.)
Calculate the overall voltage gain of the circuit
if R1 = 100 Ω and Rf = 1 kΩ.
11 (Ans.)
What is the voltage gain of the unity follower?
1 (Ans.)
Calculate the input voltage if R1 = 100 Ω, Rf =
1 kΩ, and Vout = 550 mV.
50 mV (Ans.)
What is the scale multiplier (factor) of a basic
integrator?
–1 / RC (Ans.)
The summing amplifier contains an inverting
amplifier.
True (Ans.)
This circuit is referred to as a(n) _____.
inverting amplifier (Ans.)
This circuit is referred to as a(n) _____.
integrator (Ans.)
This circuit is referred to as a(n) _____.
ECE Refresher/Coaching Course Elec TH 1
Vi1 = –Vi22 = 0.50 V (Ans.)
How many op-amps are required to implement
this equation?
differentiator (Ans.)
Which of the following circuit conditions 3 (Ans.)
affect(s) the output offset voltage of an op-
amp? How many op-amps are required to implement
Both an input offset voltage, VIO and an this equation?
input offset current, IIO (Ans.)
What is the level of the roll-off in most op-
amps?
–20 dB / decade or –6 dB / octave (Ans.)
2 (Ans.)
Which of the following is (are) the result of
gain reduction by a feedback? How many op-amps are required to implement
A. The amplifier voltage gain is a more stable this equation?
and precise value.
B. The input impedance of the circuit is
increased over that of the op-amp alone.
C. The output impedance is reduced over that
of the op-amp alone.
D. All of the above (Ans.) 1 (Ans.)
What is the open-loop gain of an op-amp at the How many op-amps are required to implement
gain-bandwidth product of the op-amp? this equation?
1 (Ans.) 1 (Ans.)
What is the cutoff frequency of an op-amp if An example of an instrumentation circuit is
the unity-gain frequency is 1.5 MHz and the a(n) _____.
open-loop gain is 100,000? A. dc voltmeter
15 Hz (Ans.) B. display driver
C. ac voltmeter
What is the slew rate of an op-amp if the D. All of the above (Ans.)
output voltages change from 2 V to 3 V in 0.2
ms? This circuit is an example of a(n)________.
5 V/ms (Ans.)
For an op-amp having a slew rate SR = 5
V/ms, what is the maximum closed-loop
voltage gain that can be used when the input
signal varies by 0.2 V in 10 ms?
150 (Ans.)
Calculate the output impedance of an inverting
op-amp using the 741 op-amp (ro = 75 Ω, AOL
= 200 V/mV) if R1 = 100 Ω and Rf = 1 kΩ. A. dc voltmeter
0.00375 (Ans.) B. display driver
C. instrumentation amplifier
What is the difference output voltage of any D. None of the above (Ans.)
signals applied to the input terminals?
The sum of the differential gain times the A filter that provides a constant output from dc
difference input voltage and the common- up to a cutoff frequency and passes no signal
mode gain times the common input voltage. above that frequency is called a _____ filter.
(Ans.) low-pass (Ans.)
What is the difference voltage if the inputs are Which of the following is (are) power
an ideal opposite signal? amplifiers?
The common-mode gain times twice the input A. Class A
signal. (Ans.) B. Class B or AB
C. Class C or D
What is the difference voltage if the inputs are D. All of the above (Ans.)
an ideal in-phase signal?
The common-mode gain times the input By how much does the output signal vary for a
signal. (Ans.) class AB power amplifier?
Between 180º and 360º (Ans.)
At what input voltage level does the output
voltage level become numerically equal to the Which type of power amplifier is biased for
value of the differential gain of the amplifier? operation at less than 180º of the cycle?
V i1 = –V i2 = 0.50 V (Ans.) Class C (Ans.)
At what input voltage level does the output Which type of amplifier uses pulse (digital)
voltage level become numerically equal to the signals in its operation?
value of the common-mode gain of the Class D (Ans.)
amplifier?
7
Excel Review Center
Which of the power amplifiers has the lowest
overall efficiency?
Class A (Ans.)
Which of the following describe(s) a power
amplifier?
A. It can handle large power.
B. It can handle large current.
C. It does not provide much voltage gain.
D. All of the above (Ans.)
_____ amplifiers primarily provide sufficient
power to an output load to drive a speaker
from a few watts to tens of watts.
Power (Ans.)
The main features of a large-signal amplifier is
the circuit's ______.
A. power efficiency
B. maximum power limitations
C. impedance matching to the output device
D. All of the above (Ans.)
This is an example of the output swing for a
class _____ amplifier.
A (Ans.)
This is an example of the output swing for a
class _____ amplifier.
B (Ans.)
Class AB operation is _____ operation.
A. similar to class A
B. similar to class B
C. similar to class C
D. None of the above (Ans.)
Which operation class is generally used in
radio or communications?
C (Ans.)
Categorize the power efficiency of each class
of amplifier, from worst to best.
A, AB, B, D (Ans.)
What is the maximum efficiency of a class A
circuit with a direct or series-fed load
connection?
25% (Ans.)
What is the ratio of the secondary voltage to
the primary voltage with the turn ratio in the
windings?
N1/N2 (Ans.)
Calculate the effective resistance seen looking
into the primary of a 20:1 transformer
connected to an 8-Ω load.
3.2 kΩ
ECE Refresher/Coaching Course
What transformer turns ratio is required to
match an 8-Ω speaker load so that the effective
load resistance seen at the primary is 12.8 kΩ?
40:1 (Ans.)
Calculate the efficiency of a transformer-
coupled class A amplifier for a supply of 15 V
and an output of V(p) = 10 V.
33.3% (Ans.)
The maximum efficiency of a transformer-
coupled class A amplifier is _____.
50% (Ans.)
What is the maximum efficiency of a class B
circuit?
8.5% (Ans.)
How many transistors must be used in a class
B power amplifier to obtain the output for the
full cycle of the signal?
2 (Ans.)
In class B operation, at what fraction of VCC
should the level of VL(p) be to achieve the
maximum power dissipated by the output
transistor?
0.636 (Ans.)
Class B operation is provided when the dc bias
leaves the transistor biased just off, the
transistor turning on when the ac signal is
applied.
True (Ans.)
Calculate the efficiency of a class B amplifier
for a supply voltage of VCC = 20 V with peak
output voltage of VL(p) = 18 V.
70.69% (Ans.)
Which of the following is (are) the
disadvantage(s) of a class B complementary-
symmetry circuit?
A. It needs two separate voltage sources.
B. There is crossover distortion in the output
signal.
C. It does not provide exact switching of one
transistor off and the other on at the zero-
voltage condition.
D. All of the above (Ans.)
Which of the push-pull amplifiers is presently
the most popular form of the class B power
amplifier?
Quasi-complementary (Ans.)
nMOS and pMOS transistors can be used for
class B.
True (Ans.)
Calculate the harmonic distortion component
for an output signal having a fundamental
amplitude of 3 V and a second harmonic
amplitude of 0.25 V.
83.3% (Ans.)
Which of the following instruments displays
the harmonics of a distorted signal?
Spectrum analyzer (Ans.)
Which of the following instruments allows
more precise measurement of the harmonic
components of a distorted signal?
Wave analyzer (Ans.)
What is the maximum temperature rating for
silicon power transistors?
150º to 200º (Ans.)
8
Elec TH 1
Which of the power amplifiers is not intended
primarily for large-signal or power
amplification?
Class C (Ans.)
Determine what maximum dissipation will be
allowed for a 70-W silicon transistor (rated at
25ºC) if derating is required above 25ºC by a
derating factor of 0.6 W/ºC at a case
temperature of 100º.
25 W (Ans.)
A silicon power transistor is operated with a
heat sink (θ SA = 1.5ºC/W). The transistor,
rated at 150 W (25ºC), has θ JC = 0.5º C/W,
and the mounting insulation has θ CS = 0.6
ºC/W. What is the maximum power that can be
dissipated if the ambient temperature is 50ºC
and TJmax = 200 ºC?
57.7 W (Ans.)
Which of the following transistors has been
quite popular as the driver device for class D
amplification?
MOSFET (Ans.)
Which of the following is not a linear/digital
IC?
Passive filter (Ans.)
Which of the following circuits is (are)
linear/digital ICs?
A. Comparators
B. Timers
C. Voltage-controlled oscillators
D. All of the above (Ans.)
Which of the following is (are) the results of
improvements built into a comparator IC?
A. Faster switching between the two output
levels
B. Noise immunity
C. Outputs capable of directly driving a variety
of loads
D. All of the above (Ans.)
How many comparators does a 339 IC
contain?
4 (Ans.)
This circuit is an example of a ______.
comparator (Ans.)
A 311 IC is an example of an eight-pin DIP
that can be made to function as a _____.
comparator (Ans.)
A 339 IC is an example of a fourteen-pin DIP
that can be made to function as a _____.
comparator (Ans.)
What is the function of a ladder network?
Changing a digital signal to an analog signal
(Ans.)
What is (are) the level(s) of the input voltage
to a ladder-network conversion?
0 V or Vref (Ans.)
What is the level of the output voltage of a
ladder-network conversion?
The analog output voltage proportional to the
digital input voltage (Ans.)
What is the voltage resolution of an 8-stage
ladder network?
Vref /256 (Ans.)
Which of the slope intervals of the integrator
does the counter in the analog-to-digital
converter (ADC) operate?
Both positive and negative (Ans.)
Excel Review Center
What is the first phase of the dual-slope
method of conversion?
Connecting the analog voltage to the
integrator for a fixed time (Ans.)
When is the counter set to zero in the dual-
slope method of conversion?
At the end of the charging of the capacitor
(Ans.)
Which of the following devices is (are) a
component of a digital-to-analog converter
(DAC)?
A. Integrator
B. Comparator
C. Digital counter
D. All of the above (Ans.)
At which of the following period(s) is the
counter advanced (incremented) in dual-slope
conversion?
During the discharging of the capacitor of
the integrator (Ans.)
What is (are) the input(s) to the comparator in
the ladder-network conversion of an ADC?
Both staircase and analog input voltage
(Ans.)
What is the maximum conversion time of a
clock rate of 1 MHz operating a 10-stage
counter in an ADC?
1.024 ms n(Ans.)
What is the minimum number of conversions
per second of a clock rate of 1 MHz operating
a 10-stage counter in an ADC?
976 (Ans.)
On which of the following does the conversion
depend in ladder-network conversion?
Comparator (Ans.)
This circuit is an example of a _____.
ECE Refresher/Coaching Course
Which application best describes this 555
timer circuit?
Monostable multivibrator (Ans.)
Which of the following best describes the
output of a 566 voltage-controlled oscillator?
Both square- and triangular- wave (Ans.)
Which of the following best describes
limitations for the 566 VCO?
A. 2k  R1  20k
 
B. 0.75V  VC  V
C. fo < 1 MHz
D. All of the above (Ans.)
Determine the free-running frequency for this
circuit.
53.33 kHz (Ans.)
Determine the free-running frequency when R3
is set to 2.5 kΩ.
116.39 kHz (Ans.)
The voltage-controlled oscillator is a subset of
the "test bench" function generator.
True (Ans.)
Which of the following applications include a
phase-locked loop (PLL) circuit?
A. Modems
B. Am decoders
C. Tracking filters
All of the above (Ans.)
Elec TH 1
What is the ratio of the input impedance with
series feedback to that without feedback?
1  A (Ans.)
What is the ratio of the output impedance with
series feedback to that without feedback?
1  A (Ans.)
The frequency distortion arising because of
varying amplifier gain with frequency is
considerably reduced in a negative-voltage
feedback amplifier circuit.
True (Ans.)
Determine the voltage gain with feedback for a
voltage-series feedback having A = –100, R1 =
15 kΩ, Ro = 20 kΩ, and a feedback of β= –
0.25.
–3.85 (Ans.)
Determine the input impedance with feedback
for a voltage-series feedback having A = –100,
R1 = 15 kΩ, Ro = 20 kΩ, and a feedback of β=
–0.25.
390 kΩ (Ans.)
Determine the output impedance with
feedback for a voltage-series feedback having
A = –100, R1 = 15 kΩ, Ro = 20 kΩ, and a
feedback of β= –0.25.
769.23 Ω (Ans.)
An amplifier with a gain of –500 and a
feedback of β= –0.1 has a gain change of 15%
due to temperature. Calculate the change in
gain of the feedback amplifier.
0.3% (Ans.)
Referring to this figure, calculate the
amplification gain with feedback for the
following circuit values: R1 = 80 kΩ, R2 = 20
kΩ, Ro = 10 kΩ, RD = 61 kΩ, and gm = 4000
mS.

How many Vcc connections does the 565 PLL

use?
2 (Ans.)

The timing components for a PLL are 15 kΩ

ladder network (Ans.)
This figure is a block diagram of a(n) _____.
–3.75 (Ans.)
and 220 pF. Calculate the free-running
frequency.
Referring to this figure, calculate the
90.91 kHz (Ans.) amplification gain where the op-amp gain (A)
is 200,000, R1 = 1.5 kΩ, and R2 = 400 Ω.
Which of the following frequencies is
associated with the 565 frequency-shift keyed
decoder?
Both 1070 Hz and 1270 Hz (Ans.)

Which of the following improvements is (are)

a result of the negative feedback in a circuit?
A. Higher input impedance
ADC (Ans.) B. Better stabilized voltage gain
C. Improved frequency response 4.75 (Ans.)
Which application best describes this 555 D. All of the above (Ans.)
timer circuit? Referring to this figure, calculate the voltage
Which of the following improvements is (are) gain with feedback Avf.
a result of the negative feedback in a circuit?
A. Lower output impedance
B. Reduced noise
C. More linear operation
D. All of the above (Ans.)

Which of the following is (are) feedback?

A. Voltage-series
B. Voltage-shunt
C. Current-series
D. All of the above (Ans.)
Astable multivibrator (Ans.) –4.17 (Ans.)
9
Excel Review Center
Referring to this figure, calculate the voltage
gain without feedback for the following circuit
values: RD = 4 kΩ, RS = 1 kΩ, RF = 15 kΩ,
and gm = 5000 mS.
–20.0 (Ans.)
Referring to this figure, calculate the voltage
gain with the feedback for the following circuit
values: RD = 4 kΩ, RS = 1 kΩ, RF = 15 kΩ,
and gm = 5000 mS.
–8.57 (Ans.)
Which of the following is (are) the
determining factor(s) of the stability of a
feedback amplifier?
Both A and the phase shift between input and
output signals (Ans.)
At what phase shift is the magnitude of βA at
its maximum in the Nyquist plot?
180º (Ans.)
At what phase shift is the magnitude of βA at
its minimum in the Nyquist plot?
0º (Ans.)
Which of the following is required for
oscillation?
Both βA > 1 and the phase shift around the
feedback network must be 180º. (Ans.)
Only the condition βA = _____ must be
satisfied for self-sustained oscillations to
result.
1 (Ans.)
Given gm = 5000 µS, rd = 40 kΩ, R = 10 kΩ,
and A = 35. Determine the value of C and RD
for oscillator operation at 1 kHz.
8.48 kΩ (Ans.)
ECE Refresher/Coaching Course
In the IC phase-shift oscillator, what should
the ratio of feedback resistor Rf to R1 be?
Greater than –29 (Ans.)
This circuit is a _____ oscillator.
phase-shift (Ans.)
For a phase-shift oscillator, the gain of the
amplifier stage must be greater than _____.
29 (Ans.)
In the Wien bridge oscillator, which of the
following is (are) frequency-determining
components?
R1, R2, C1, and C2 (Ans.)
Calculate the resonant frequency of this
oscillator.
1560.34 Hz (Ans.)
Calculate the resonant frequency of this Wien
bridge oscillator if R1 = 25 kΩ, R2 = 40 kΩ, C1
= 0.001 µF, and C2 = 0.002 µF.
3558.8 Hz (Ans.)
Calculate the value of C1 = C2 for the Wien
bridge oscillator to operate at a frequency of
20 kHz. Assume R1 = R2 = 50 kΩ and R3 =
3R4 = 600Ω?
159 pF (Ans.)
This circuit is a _____ oscillator.
Wien bridge (Ans.)
10
Elec TH 1
Which of the following oscillators is (are)
tuned oscillators?
A. Colpitts
B. Hartley
C. Crystal
D. All of the above (Ans.)
This circuit is a _____ oscillator.
Colpitts (Ans.)
What is the typical value of quality factor for
crystal oscillators?
20,000 (Ans.)
In which of the following applications is a
pulsating dc voltage suitable?
Battery charger (Ans.)
Calculate the ripple of a filter output having a
20-V dc component and a 1.7 Vr(rms) ac
component.
8.5% (Ans.)
Calculate the voltage regulation of a power
supply having VNL = 50 V and VFL = 48 V.
4.17% (Ans.)
Across which of the following components of
a power supply does the average (dc) voltage
exist?
Capacitor filter (Ans.)
Calculate the ripple voltage of a full-wave
rectifier with a 75-µF filter capacitor
connected to a load drawing 40 mA.
1.28 V (Ans.)
What is the ratio of the period of the output
voltage to the period of the input voltage in a
full-wave rectifier?
0.5 (Ans.)
A _____ -wave rectified signal has less ripple
than a _____ -wave rectified signal and is thus
better to apply to a filter.
full, half (Ans.)
If the value of full-load voltage is the same as
the no-level voltage, the voltage regulation
calculated is _____ %, which is the best
expected.
0 (Ans.)
In which period is the capacitor filter charged
in a full-wave rectifier?
The time during which the diode(s) is (are)
conducting (Ans.)
In which period is the capacitor filter
discharged through the load in a full-wave
rectifier?
The time during which the diodes are not
conducting (Ans.)
If a peak rectified voltage for the full-wave
filter circuit is 40 V, calculate the filter dc
voltage if C = 75 µF and load current is 40
mA.
37.78 V (Ans.)
Excel Review Center
Calculate the ripple of a capacitor filter for a
peak rectified voltage of 40 V, a capacitor
value C = 75 µF, and a load current of 40 mA.
3.39% (Ans.)
What is the ratio of the peak ripple voltage
level to its rms voltage level?
3 (Ans.)
What is the purpose of an additional RC filter
section in a power supply circuit?
Decrease the ac voltage component (Ans.)
Calculate the dc voltage across a 2-kΩ load for
an RC filter section (R = 50Ω, C = 20 µF). The
dc voltage across the initial filter capacitor is
Vdc = 50 V.
48.78 V (Ans.)
For a full-wave rectifier with ac ripple at 120
Hz, the impedance of a capacitor can be
calculated using XC = _____.
1.3 ÷ C (Ans.)
In a simple series regulator circuit, which of
the following components is the controlling
element?
Transistor Q1 (Ans.)
In this improved series regulator circuit, which
of the following components is the sampling
circuit?
Resistors R1 and R2 (Ans.)
In this op-amp series regulator circuit, which
of the following components is the comparator
circuit?
Op-amp (Ans.)
What regulated output voltage is provided for
the following circuit elements: R1 = 15 kΩ, R2
= 35 kΩ, and VZ = 11.2 V?
17 V (Ans.)
Which component(s) set(s) the voltage across
the load in a basic transistor shunt regulator?
Both the Zener diode and the transistor base-
emitter voltage (Ans.)
In an improved shunt regulator, which of the
following components sets the reference
voltage?
Zener diode (Ans.)
For what range of load current can voltage
regulators be selected for operation?
ECE Refresher/Coaching Course
Hundreds of milliamperes to tens of amperes
(Ans.)
For what range of fixed regulated voltages do
the series 78xx regulators provide regulation?
–5 V to +24 V (Ans.)
What is the typical dropout voltage for the
7812 fixed positive voltage regulator?
4 mV (Ans.)
How many diodes conduct in the full-wave
bridge rectifier while the capacitor is being
charged?
2 (Ans.)
What is the range of the voltage level of the
LM317 adjusted voltage regulator?
1.2 V to 37 V (Ans.)
What are the typical values of Vref and Iadj for
the LM317 adjustable voltage regulator?
1.25 V, 100 mA (Ans.)
The 7812 regulator IC provides _____.
12 V (Ans.)
The 7912 regulator IC provides ____.
–12 V (Ans.)
The 7905 regulator IC provides ____.
–5 V (Ans.)
The 7805 regulator IC provides ____.
5 V (Ans.)
Which of the following is (are) diodes?
A. Schottky
B. Varactor
C. Tunnel
D. All of the above (Ans.)
Which of the following metals is (are) used in
the fabrication of Schottky diodes?
A. Molybdenum
B. Platinum
C. Tungsten
D. All of the above (Ans.)
What are the typical ranges of reverse-bias
current levels
Microamperes, milliamperes (Ans.)
What is the voltage drop across Schottky
diodes?
0 V to 0.2 V (Ans.)
What metal(s) is(are) used in the construction
of Schottky diodes?
A. Molybdenum
B. Platinum
C. Tungsten
D. Any of the above (Ans.)
For a 50-A unit, the PIV of the Schottky is
about _____ compared to 150 V for the p-n
junction variety.
50 (Ans.)
Schottky diodes are very effective at
frequencies approaching _____.
20 GHz (Ans.)
This is an equivalent circuit for the _____
diode.
Schottky (Ans.)
11
Elec TH 1
What is the range of the varying capacitor CT
in varactor diodes?
2 pF to 100 µF (Ans.)
Which of the following areas is (are)
applications of varactor diodes?
A. FM modulators
B. Automatic-frequency control devices
C. Adjustable bandpass filters
D. All of the above (Ans.)
The tuning diode is a _____-dependent,
variable _____.
voltage, capacitor (Ans.)
This is an equivalent circuit for the _____
diode.
Varicap (Ans.)
The varicap diode has a transition capacitance
sensitive to the applied reverse-bias potential
that is a maximum at zero volts and decreases
_____ with increasing reverse-bias potentials.
exponentially (Ans.)
The majority of power diodes are constructed
using _____.
silicon (Ans.)
Which of the following diodes has a negative-
resistance region?
Tunnel (Ans.)
Which of the following semiconductor
materials is (are) used in the manufacturing of
tunnel diodes?
Both germanium and gallium (Ans.)
What is the ratio IP / IV for gallium arsenide?
20:1 (Ans.)
What is the limit of peak current IP in tunnel
diodes?
A few microamperes to several hundred
amperes (Ans.)
What is the maximum peak voltage for tunnel
diodes?
600 mV (Ans.)
In which region is the operating point stable in
tunnel diodes?
Positive-resistance (Ans.)
Which of the following diodes is limited to the
reverse-bias region in its region of operation?
Photodiode (Ans.)
What is the response time of cadmium sulfide
(CdS) in photoconductive cells?
100 ms (Ans.)
Which of the following areas is (are) an
application of infrared-emitting diodes?
A. Intrusion alarms
B. Shaft encoders
C. Paper-tape readers
D. All of the above (Ans.)
What is the maximum temperature limit for
liquid-crystal displays (LCDs)?
60ºC (Ans.)
Excel Review Center
What is the response time of light-emitting
diodes (LEDs)?
Less than 100 ns (Ans.)
What is the response time of LCDs?
100 ms to 300 ms (Ans.)
What is the power density received from the
sun at sea level?
100 mW/cm2 (Ans.)
Which of the following semiconductor
materials is (are) used for manufacturing solar
cells?
A. Gallium arsenide
B. Indium arsenide
C. Cadmium sulfide
D. All of the above (Ans.)
What type of temperature coefficient do
thermistors have?
Either positive or negative (Ans.)
Which of the following materials is (are) used
in the manufacturing of thermistors?
A. Ge
B. Si
C. A mixture of oxides of cobalt, nickel,
strontium, or manganese
D. All of the above (Ans.)
What is the resistance of thermistors at room
temperature (20ºC)?
5 kΩ (Ans.)
What is the resistance of thermistors at boiling
temperature (100ºC)?
100 Ω (Ans.)
What is the typical level of change in
resistance per degree change in temperature?
3% to 5% (Ans.)
How many layers of semiconductor materials
does a silicon-controlled rectifier (SCR) have?
4 (Ans.)
Which of the following devices has (have) four
layers of semiconductor materials?
A. Silicon-controlled switch (SCS)
B. Gate turn-off switch (GTO)
C. Light-activated silicon-controlled rectifier
(LASCR)
D. All of the above (Ans.)
ECE Refresher/Coaching Course Elec TH 1
Which of the transistors of an SCR are 3 A (Ans.)
conducting when the SCR is fired and is in the
conduction mode? How many terminals does a Shockley diode
Both npn and pnp (Ans.) have?
4 (Ans.)
What is the range of the turn-on times in high-
power SCR devices? This symbol is an example of a(n) _____.
10 µs to 25 µs (Ans.)
What is the typical range of turn-off times for
SCRs?
5 µs to 30 µs (Ans.) Diac (Ans.)
This symbol is an example of a(n) _____. Which of the following devices does not have
a cathode terminal?
Triac (Ans.)
Which of the following devices has a negative-
SCR (Ans.)
resistance region in its characteristics curve?
Unijunction transistor (Ans.)
Which of the following parameters are usually
provided by the manufacturer on the
What is the range of the variable resistor in the
specification sheet for SCRs?
equivalent circuit of a unijunction transistor?
A. Turn-on time (ton )
50 Ω to 5 kΩ (Ans.)
B. Turn-off time (toff )
C. Junction and case temperatures (tj and tc ) This is an example of a high-isolation _____
D. All of the above (Ans.) gate.
How many terminals does a silicon-controlled
switch (SCS) device have?
4 (Ans.)
What is the typical value of the triggering
anode gate for SCS devices?
1.5 mA (Ans.)
Which of the following is (are) the advantages AND (Ans.)
of the SCS over a corresponding SCR?
A. Reduced turn-off time The ISO-LIT Q1 16-pin Litronix opto-isolator
B. Increased control and triggering sensitivity DIP contains _____ opto-isolators.
C. More predictable firing situation 4 (Ans.)
D. All of the above (Ans.)
How many terminals does a programmable
Which of the following areas is (are) unijunction transistor (PUT) have?
applications of an SCS? 3 (Ans.)
A. Counters
B. Pulse generators Determine RB1 for a silicon PUT if it is
C. Voltage sensors determined that h = 0.84, VP = 11.2 V, and RB
D. All of the above (Ans.) = 5 kΩ.
26.25 kΩ (Ans.)
This symbol is an example of a(n)_____.
END

A thyristor is a _____-layer semiconductor SCS (Ans.)

material device.
4 (Ans.) For an SCS, a _____ pulse at the anode gate
turns the device on, while a _____ pulse will
Which of the following devices is turn it off.
unquestionably of the greatest interest today? negative, positive (Ans.)
SCR (Ans.)
Which of the following devices has the
What is the frequency range of application of smallest turn-off time?
SCRs? LASCR (Ans.)
About 50 kHz (Ans.)
Which of the following devices has nearly the
Which one of the SCR terminals fires the same turn-on time as turn-off time?
SCR? GTO (Ans.)
Gate (Ans.)
This symbol is an example of a(n) _____.
What is the typical value of the reverse
resistance of SCRs?
100 kΩ or more (Ans.)

Which of the following transistors is an SCR

composed of? GTO (Ans.)
npn, pnp (Ans.)
What is the maximum current (rms) rating for
commercially available LASCRs today?

12