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동역학 14 PDF
동역학 14 PDF
SOLUTION
Equation of Motion: Since the crate slides, the friction force developed between the
crate and its contact surface is Ff = mkN = 0.25N. Applying Eq. 13–7, we have
N = 146.2 N
Principle of Work and Energy: The horizontal component of force F which acts
in the direction of displacement does positive work, whereas the friction force
Ff = 0.25(146.2) = 36.55 N does negative work since it acts in the opposite direction
to that of displacement. The normal reaction N, the vertical component of force F
and the weight of the crate do not displace hence do no work. Applying Eq.14–7,
we have
T1 + a U1 - 2 = T2
25 m
1
(20)(8 2) + 100 cos 30° ds
2 L15 m
25 m
1
- 36.55 ds = (20)v2
L15 m 2
v = 10.7 m s Ans.
14–2.
SOLUTION
Principle of Work and Energy: The speed of the car just before it crashes into the
barrier is v1 = 20 m>s. The maximum penetration occurs when the car is brought to a
stop, i.e., v2 = 0. Referring to the free-body diagram of the car, Fig. a, W and N do no W = 20 000 N
work; however, Fb does negative work.
T1 + ©U1 - 2 = T2
1 ⎛ 20 000 ⎞ 2 ⎡ xmax ⎤
(20 ) + ⎢ − 800(103 ) x1/2 dx ⎥ = 0
2 ⎜⎝ 9.81 ⎟⎠ ⎣ L0 ⎦
Ans.
x max = 0.836 m
14–3.
The crate, which has a mass of 100 kg, is subjected to the 1000 N
800 N
action of the two forces. If it is originally at rest, determine 5
3
the distance it slides in order to attain a speed of 6 m>s. The 30 4
coefficient of kinetic friction between the crate and the
surface is mk = 0.2.
SOLUTION
Equations of Motion: Since the crate slides, the friction force developed between
the crate and its contact surface is Ff = mk N = 0.2N. Applying Eq. 13–7, we have
N = 781 N
Principle of Work and Energy: The horizontal components of force 800 N and
1000 N which act in the direction of displacement do positive work, whereas the
friction force Ff = 0.2(781) = 156.2 N does negative work since it acts in the
opposite direction to that of displacement. The normal reaction N, the vertical
component of 800 N and 1000 N force and the weight of the crate do not displace,
hence they do no work. Since the crate is originally at rest, T1 = 0. Applying
Eq. 14–7, we have
T1 + a U1-2 = T2
s = 1.35m Ans.
14–4.
SOLUTION
150
+ c ©Fy = 0; NB = 2(9.81) +
1 + s
T1 + ©U1 - 2 = T2
12 12
a b ds cos 30° = (2)(v22 )
1 150 300 1
(2)(8)2 - 0.25[2(9.81)(12 - 4)] - 0.25 ds +
2 L4 1 + s L4 1 + s 2
1 + 12 1 + 12
v22 = 24.76 - 37.5 lna b + 259.81 lna b
1 + 4 1 + 4
SOLUTION s (m)
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0
The work done is measured as the area under the force–displacement curve. This
area is approximately 31.5 squares. Since each square has an area of 2.5 A 106 B (0.2),
T1 + ©U1-2 = T2
SOLUTION
Principle of Work and Energy: Referring to the free-body diagram of the
ball bearing shown in Fig. a, notice that Fsp does positive work. The spring
has an initial and final compression of s1 = 0.1 - 0.05 = 0.05 m and
s2 = 0.1 - (0.05 + 0.0125) = 0.0375 m.
T1 + ©U1-2 = T2
1 1 1
0 + B ks1 2 - ks2 2 R = mvA 2
2 2 2
1 1 1
0 + B (2000)(0.05)2 - (2000)(0.03752) R = (0.02)vA 2
2 2 2
SOLUTION
Observer A:
T1 + ©U1 - 2 = T2
1 1
(10)(5)2 + 6(10) = (10)v22
2 2
Observer B:
F = ma
A:
+ B 1 2
s = s0 + v0t + at
2 c
1
10 = 0 + 5t + (0.6)t2
2
t2 + 16.67t - 33.33 = 0
t = 1.805 s
Thus
T1 + ©U1 - 2 = T2
1 1
(10)(3)2 + 6(6.391) = (10)v22
2 2
SOLUTION
Free-Body Diagram: Referring to the free-body diagram of the crate, Fig. a,
Thus, the frictional force acting on the crate is Ff = mkN = 0.3(490.5) = 147.15 N.
Principle of Work and Energy: Referring to Fig. a, only P and Ff do work.The work of
P will be positive, whereas Ff does negative work.
T1 + g U1 - 2 = T2
1
0 + 200(15) - 147.15(15) = (50)v2
2
v = 5.63 m>s Ans.
14–9.
SOLUTION
Free-Body Diagram: Referring to the free-body diagram of the crate, Fig. a,
Thus, the frictional force acting on the crate is Ff = mkN = 0.3(490.5) = 147.15 N.
Principle of Work and Energy: Referring to Fig. a, only P and Ff do work.The work of
P will be positive, whereas Ff does negative work.
T1 + gU1 - 2 = T2
1
0 + P(15) - 147.15(15) = (50)(62)
2
P = 207 N Ans.
14–10.
The 2-Mg car has a velocity of v1 = 100 km>h when the v1 100 km/h
driver sees an obstacle in front of the car. If it takes 0.75 s for
him to react and lock the brakes, causing the car to skid,
determine the distance the car travels before it stops. The
coefficient of kinetic friction between the tires and the road
is mk = 0.25.
SOLUTION
Free-Body Diagram: The normal reaction N on the car can be determined by
writing the equation of motion along the y axis. By referring to the free-body
diagram of the car, Fig. a,
Since the car skids, the frictional force acting on the car is
Ff = mkN = 0.25(19620) = 4905N.
Principle of Work and Energy: By referring to Fig. a, notice that only Ff does work,
T1 + ©U1-2 = T2
1
(2000)(27.782) + (-4905s¿) = 0
2
s¿ = 157.31 m
The 2-Mg car has a velocity of v1 = 100 km>h when the v1 100 km/h
driver sees an obstacle in front of the car. It takes 0.75 s for
him to react and lock the brakes, causing the car to skid. If
the car stops when it has traveled a distance of 175 m,
determine the coefficient of kinetic friction between the
tires and the road.
SOLUTION
Free-Body Diagram: The normal reaction N on the car can be determined by
writing the equation of motion along the y axis and referring to the free-body
diagram of the car, Fig. a,
Since the car skids, the frictional force acting on the car can be computed from
Ff = mkN = mk(19 620).
Principle of Work and Energy: By referring to Fig. a, notice that only Ff does work,
T1 + ©U1-2 = T2
39.327
s¿ =
mk
s = s¿ + s–
39.327
175 = + 20.83
mk
mk = 0.255 Ans.
14–12.
SOLUTION
0.2
B
1
(5000)(4)2— ks2 ds = 0
2 L0
(0.2)3
40 000 - k = 0
3
A car is equipped with a bumper B designed to absorb collisions. The bumper is mounted to
the car using pieces of flexible tubing T. Upon collision with a rigid barrier at A, a constant
horizontal force F is developed which causes a car deceleration kg (the highest safe
deceleration for a passenger without a seatbelt). If the car and passenger have a total mass
M and the car is initially coasting with a speed v, determine the magnitude of F needed to
stop the car and the deformation x of the bumper tubing.
Units Used:
3
Mm 10 kg
3
kN 10 N
Given:
3
M 1.5 10 kg
m
v 1.5
s
k 3
Solution:
The deformation is
T1 U12 T2
1 2
M v F avg x 0
2
1 § v2 ·
x M ¨ ¸ x 38.2 mm Ans.
2 © Favg ¹
14–14.
SOLUTION 300 mm
Free-Body Diagram: The free-body diagram of the collar and cord system at an
A
arbitrary position is shown in Fig. a.
Principle of Work and Energy: Referring to Fig. a, only N does no work since it
always acts perpendicular to the motion. When the collar moves from position A to
position B, W displaces vertically upward a distance h = (0.3 + 0.2) m = 0.5 m,
while force F displaces a distance of s = AC - BC = 20.72 + 0.42 -
20.2 + 0.2 = 0.5234 m . Here, the work of F is positive, whereas W does
2 2
negative work.
TA + g UA - B = TB
1
0 + 300(0.5234) + [- 15(9.81)(0.5)] = (15)vB2
2
vB = 3.335 m>s = 3.34 m>s Ans.
14–15.
Determine the required height h of the roller coaster so that when it is essentially at rest at
the crest of the hill it will reach a speed v when it comes to the bottom. Also, what should
be the minimum radius of curvature U for the track at B so that the passengers do not
experience a normal force greater than kmg? Neglect the size of the car and passengers.
Given:
km
v 100
hr
k 4
Solution:
T1 U12 T2
1 2
mgh mv
2
2
1 v
h
2 g
h 39.3 m Ans.
2
mv
kmg mg
U
2
v
U
g( k 1)
U 26.2 m Ans.
14–16.
The “flying car” is a ride at an amusement park which consists of a car having wheels that
roll along a track mounted inside a rotating drum. By design the car cannot fall off the
track, however motion of the car is developed by applying the car’s brake, thereby
gripping the car to the track and allowing it to move with a constant speed of the track, vt.
If the rider applies the brake when going from B to A and then releases it at the top of the
drum, A, so that the car coasts freely down along the track to B (T = S rad),determine the
speed of the car at B and the normal reaction which the drum exerts on the car at B.
Neglect friction during the motion from A to B. The rider and car have a total mass M and
the center of mass of the car and rider moves along a circular path having a radius r.
Units Used:
3
kN 10 N
Given:
M 250 kg
r 8m
m
vt 3
s
Solution:
1 2 1 2
M vt Mg2r M vB
2 2
2
vB vt 4 g r
m
vB 18.0 Ans.
s
§ vB2 ·
NB M g M¨ ¸
© r ¹
§ vB2 ·
NB M¨g ¸
© r ¹
NB 12.5 kN Ans.
14–17.
The collar has a mass M and is supported on the rod having a coefficient of kinetic friction
Pk. The attached spring has an unstretched length l and a stiffness k. Determine the speed
of the collar after the applied force F causes it to be displaced a distance s = s1 from point
A. When s = 0 the collar is held at rest.
Given:
M 30 kg Pk 0.4
a 0.5 m
T 45 deg
F 200 N
s1 1.5 m
l 0.2 m
m
N g 9.81
k 50 2
s
m
Solution:
m
Guesses NC 1N v 1
s
Given
NC M g F sin T 0
1 2 1 1
F cos T s1 P k NC s1 k ( a l) k s1 a l
2 2
Mv
2 2 2
§ NC · m
¨ ¸ Find NC v NC 152.9 N v 1.666 Ans.
© v ¹ s
14–18.
The block has a mass M and moves within the smooth vertical slot. If it starts from rest
when the attached spring is in the unstretched position at A, determine the constant vertical
force F which must be applied to the cord so that the block attains a speed vB when it
reaches sB. Neglect the size and mass of the pulley. Hint: The work of F can be
determined by finding the difference 'l in cord lengths AC and BC and using UF = F 'l.
Given:
M 0.8 kg l 0.4 m
m b 0.3 m
vB 2.5
s N
k 100
sB 0.15 m m
Solution:
'l
2
l b
2
l sB2 b2
Guess F 1N
Given
1 2 1 2
F 'l M g sB k sB M vB
2 2
The collar has a mass M and is moving at speed v1 when x = 0 and a force of F is applied
to it. The direction T of this force varies such that T = ax, where T is clockwise, measured
in degrees. Determine the speed of the collar when x = x1. The coefficient of kinetic friction
between the collar and the rod is Pk.
Given:
m
M 5 kg v1 8
s
F 60 N m
g 9.81
Pk 0.3 2
s
deg
x1 3m a 10
m
Solution:
N F sin T M g
Guess
m
v 5
s
Given
x1 x1
1 2 ´ ´ 1 2
M v1 µ F cos ( a x) dx P k µ F sin ( a x) M g dx Mv
2 ¶0 ¶0 2
m
v Find ( v) v 10.47 Ans.
s
14–20.
The steel ingot has a mass of 1800 kg. It travels along the
conveyor at a speed v = 0.5 m>s when it collides with the 0.5 m
“nested” spring assembly. Determine the maximum 0.45 m
deflection in each spring needed to stop the motion of the kB kA
ingot. Take kA = 5 kN>m, kB = 3 kN>m. C
A
SOLUTION B
T1 + ©U1 - 2 = T2
1 1 1
(1800)(0.5)2 - (5000)s2 - (3000)(s - 0.05)2 = 0
2 2 2
s2 - 0.0375 s - 0.05531 = 0
sA = 0.255 m Ans.
sB = 0.205 m Ans.
14–21.
The steel ingot has a mass of 1800 kg. It travels along the
conveyor at a speed v = 0.5 m>s when it collides with the 0.5 m
“nested” spring assembly. If the stiffness of the outer spring 0.45 m
is kA = 5 kN>m, determine the required stiffness kB of the kB kA
inner spring so that the motion of the ingot is stopped at C
the moment the front, C, of the ingot is 0.3 m from the wall. A
SOLUTION B
T1 + ©U1 - 2 = T2
1 1 1
(1800)(0.5)2 - (5000)(0.5 - 0.3)2 - (kB)(0.45 - 0.3)2 = 0
2 2 2
kB = 11.1 kN m Ans.
14–22.
When the driver applies the brakes of a light truck traveling at speed v1 it skids a distance d1
before stopping. How far will the truck skid if it is traveling at speed v2 when the brakes are
applied?
Given:
km
v1 40
hr
d1 3m
km
v2 80
hr
Solution:
2
1 2 v1
M v1 P k M g d1 0 Pk Pk 2.10
2 2g d1
1 2 2
M v2 P k M g d2 0 v2
2 d2 d2 12.00 m Ans.
2P k g
14–23.
The train car has a mass of 10 Mg and is traveling at 5 m> s 300 kN/m 30 m vA ⫽ 5 m/s
when it reaches A. If the rolling resistance is 1> 100 of the 500 kN/m
weight of the car, determine the compression of each spring
A
when the car is momentarily brought to rest.
SOLUTION
Free-Body Diagram: The free-body diagram of the train in contact with the spring
1
is shown in Fig. a. Here, the rolling resistance is Fr = [10 000(9.81)] = 981 N.
100
The compression of springs 1 and 2 at the instant the train is momentarily at rest
will be denoted as s1 and s2. Thus, the force developed in springs 1 and 2 are
A Fsp B 1 = k1s1 = 300(103)s1 and A Fsp B 2 = 500(103)s2. Since action is equal to
reaction,
A Fsp B 1 = A Fsp B 2
300(103)s1 = 500(103)s2
s1 = 1.6667s2
Principle of Work and Energy: Referring to Fig. a, W and N do no work, and Fsp and
Fr do negative work.
T1 + g U1 - 2 = T2
1
(10 000)(52) + [- 981(30 + s1 + s2)] +
2
135
SOLUTION u 1.5 m
s
Equations of Motion:
A
y2B
©Fn = man; 0.5(9.81) cos 45° = 0.5 a b y2B = 10.41 m2>s2 k 500 N/m
1.5
Principle of Work and Energy: Here, the weight of the ball is being displaced
vertically by s = 1.5 + 1.5 sin 45° = 2.561 m and so it does negative work. The
spring force, given by Fsp = 500(s + 0.08), does positive work. Since the ball is at
rest initially, T1 = 0. Applying Eq. 14–7, we have
TA + a UA-B = TB
s
1
0 + 500(s + 0.08) ds - 0.5(9.81)(2.561) = (0.5)(10.41)
L0 2
The skier starts from rest at A and travels down the ramp. If A
friction and air resistance can be neglected, determine his
speed vB when he reaches B. Also, find the distance s to 50 m
where he strikes the ground at C, if he makes the jump
B 4m
traveling horizontally at B. Neglect the skier’s size. He has a
mass of 70 kg.
s C
SOLUTION
30
TA + © UA - B = TB
1
0 + 70(9.81)(46) = (70)(vB)2
2
A:
+ B s = s0 + v0 t
A+TB
1 2
s = s0 + v0 t + a t
2 c
1
s sin 30° + 4 = 0 + 0 + (9.81)t2
2
Eliminating t,
s2 - 122.67s - 981.33 = 0
s = 130 m Ans.
14–26.
SOLUTION
2 sC + sA = l
2 ¢ sC + ¢ sA = 0
2(0.2) = - ¢ sA
-0.4 = ¢ sA
T1 + ©U1 - 2 = T2
1
0 + (10 000)(0.4) = (10)(vA)2
2
The conveyor belt delivers crate each of mass M to the ramp at A such that the crate’s
velocity is vA, directed down along the ramp. If the coefficient of kinetic friction between
each crate and the ramp is Pk. determine the speed at which each crate slides off the ramp
at B. Assume that no tipping occurs.
Given:
M 12 kg
m
vA 2.5
s
Pk 0.3
m
g 9.81
2
s
T 30 deg
a 3m
Solution:
Nc M g cos T
1 1
M vA ( M g a)sin T P k Nc a
2 2
M vB
2 2
vA ( 2g a)sin T 2P k g cos T a
2
vB
m
vB 4.52 Ans.
s
14–28.
1
(75)(4)2 - 75(9.81)(y) = 0
2
x1>2 + (0.81549)1>2 = 2
x = 1.2033 m
dy -(1.2033) - 1>2
tan u = = = - 0.82323
dx (0.81549) - 1>2
u = -39.46°
Nb = 568 N Ans.
SOLUTION
T1 + ©U1 - 2 = T2
1 1 1
(20)(2)2 - (50)(s)2 - (100)(s)2 = 0
2 2 2
s = 0.730 m Ans.
14–30.
The block of mass M is subjected to a force having a constant direction and a magnitude F =
k/(a+bx). When x = x1, the block is moving to the left with a speed v1. Determine its speed
when x = x2. The coefficient of kinetic friction between the block and the ground is Pk .
Given:
1 m
M 2 kg b 1m x2 18 m g 9.81
2
s
k 600 N x1 6m T 30 deg
m
a 2 v1 8 Pk 0.25
s
Solution:
§ k · sin T k sin T
NB M g ¨ ¸ 0 NB Mg
© a b x¹ a bx
x2 x2
´
µ k cos T ´ k sin T
U dx P k µ Mg dx U 348.54 N m
µ a bx µ a bx
¶x ¶x
1 1
1 2 1 2 2 2U m
M v1 U M v2 v2 v1 v2 20.31 Ans.
2 2 M s
14–31.
2m
SOLUTION
C
TA + © UA-B = TB
R
1
0 + [0.005(9.81)(3 - 2)] = (0.005)v2B
2
vB = 4.429 m>s
A+TB
1
s = s0 + v0t + a t2
2 c
1
2 = 0 + 0 = (9.81)t2
2
t = 0.6386 s
a:
+ b s = s0 + v0 t
TA + © UA-C = T1
1
0 + [0.005(9.81)(3) = (0.005)v2C
2
4m
1 -1 1 1 dy
x 2 + y- 2 = 0
2 2 dx
1
dy - x- 2
= 1
dx y- 2
For y = x,
1
2 x2 = 2
x = 1, y = 1 (Point B)
Thus,
dy
tan u = = -1
dx
u = - 45°
dy 1 1
= (- x - 2)(y2)
dx
d2y
= y2 a x - 2 b - x - 2 a b ay - 2 b a b
1 1 3 1 1 1 dy
2 2 2 dx
dx
d2y
y2 x 2 + a b
1 1 -3 1 1
=
dx2 2 2 x
For x = y = 1
dy d2y
= -1, = 1
dx dx2
[1 + ( -1)2]3>2
r = = 2.828 m
1
T1 + ©U1 - 2 = T2
1 1
(75)(8)2 - 75(9.81)(1) = (75)(v2B)
2 2
v2B = 44.38
NB = 1.70 kN Ans.
14–33.
SOLUTION
TB + ©UB - C = TC D
R
1
0 + 30(9.81)8 cos 30° = (30)v2C
2
yC = 11.659 m>s
TB + ©UB - D = TD
1
0 + 30(9.81)(16) = (30) v2D
2
vD = 17.7 m>s Ans.
1 2
( + T) s = s0 + v0t + act
2
1
16 = 8 cos 30° - 11.659 sin 30°t + (9.81)t2
2
t2 - 1.18848 t - 1.8495 = 0
t = 2.0784 s
+ )s = s + v t
(: 0 0
s = 24.985 m
Thus,
Also,
Principle of Work and Energy: The spring force Fsp which acts in the opposite direction
to that of displacement does negative work. The normal reaction N and the weight of
the block do not displace hence do no work. Applying Eq. 14–7, we have
51 < 612 52
0.2 m
1 1
(1.5) 42 5 900T2 ET 6 (1.5) y2
2 (0 2
60°
SOLUTION
d
T1 + a U1 - 2 = T2 k = 25 N/m
1
0 + 100 sin 60°(0.5 - 0.3) + 196.2(0.5 - 0.3) - (15)(0.5 - 0.3)2
2
1 1
- (25)(0.5 - 0.3)2 = (20)v2C
2 2
SOLUTION
Kinematics: Expressing the length of the cable in terms of position coordinates sC and
sP referring to Fig. a,
4sC - sP = l (1)
Using Eq. (1), the change in position of the crate and point P on the cable can be
written as
(+ T) 4¢sC - ¢sP = 0
Here, ¢sC = - 3 m. Thus,
T1 + g U1 - 2 = T2
1
0 + T¢sP + [ - WC ¢sC] = m v2
2 C
1
0 + 250(12) + [-100(9.81)(3)] = (100)v2
2
v = 1.07 m>s Ans.
14–37.
SOLUTION
Free-Body Diagram:The free-body diagram of the passenger at positions B and C
are shown in Figs. a and b, respectively.
v2
Equations of Motion: Here, an = . The requirement at position B is that
r
NB = 4mg. By referring to Fig. a,
vB 2
+ c ©Fn = man; 4mg - mg = m ¢ ≤
15
vB 2 = 45g
vC 2
+ T ©Fn = man; mg - 0 = m ¢ ≤
20
vC 2 = 20g
Principle of Work and Energy: The normal reaction N does no work since it always
acts perpendicular to the motion. When the rollercoaster moves from position A
to B, W displaces vertically downward h = hA and does positive work.
We have
TA + ©UA-B = TB
1
0 + mghA = m(45g)
2
hA = 22.5 m Ans.
TA + ©UA-B = TB
1
0 + mg(22.5 - hC) = m(20g)
2
hC = 12.5 m Ans.
14–38.
The skier starts from rest at A and travels down the ramp. If friction and air resistance
can be neglected, determine his speed vB when he reaches B. Also, find the distance d
to where he strikes the ground at C, if he makes the jump traveling horizontally at B.
Neglect the skier's size. He has a mass M.
Given:
M 75 kg
h1 50 m
h2 4m
T 30 deg
Solution:
m
Guesses vB 1 t 1s d 1m
s
1 1 2
M g h1 h2 d cos T h.2 d sin T =
2
Given M vB vB t gt
2 2
§¨ vB ·¸
m
¨t ¸ Find vB t d t 3.754 s vB 30.0 d 130.2 m Ans.
s
¨d¸
© ¹
14–39.
SOLUTION
Kinematics: Express the length of cord in terms of position coordinates sA and sB by
referring to Fig. a A
2sA + sB = l (1)
B
Thus
(+ T ) 2vA + vB = 0 (3)
g T1 + gU1 - 2 = g T2
1 1
0 + 8(2)9.81 - 3(4)9.81 = (8)vA2 + (3)vB2
2 2
Positive net work on left means assumption of A moving down is correct. Since
vB = - 2vA,
vA = 1.98 m>s T Ans.
vB = - 3.96 m>s = 3.96 m>s c
14–40.
SOLUTION
a T1 + a U1 - 2 = a T2
A
1 1
0 + 2[F1 - 3(9.81)] + 4[8(9.81) - F2] = (3)v2A + (8)v2B
2 2
B
Also, vB = 2vA, and because the pulleys are massless, F1 = 2F2. The F1 and F2
terms drop out and the work-energy equation reduces to
255.06 = 17.5v2A
The catapulting mechanism is used to propel slider A of mass M to the right along the smooth
track. The propelling action is obtained by drawing the pulley attached to rod BC rapidly to the
left by means of a piston P. If the piston applies constant force F to rod BC such that it moves it
a distance d, determine the speed attained by the slider if it was originally at rest. Neglect the
mass of the pulleys, cable, piston, and rod BC.
Units Used:
3
kN 10 N
Given:
M 12 kg
F 30 kN
d 0.3 m
Solution:
1 2 2F d m
0 Fd Mv v v 38.73 Ans.
2 M s
14–42. The 2-Mg car increases its speed uniformly from
rest to 25 ms in 30 s up the inclined road. Determine the
maximum power that must be supplied by the engine, which 1
operates with an efficiency of 1 0.75. Also, find the 10
average power supplied by the engine.
25 0 BD (30)
BD 0.8333 ms2
' 3618.93N
Power: The maximum power output of the motor can be determined from
1out 90473.24
1in 120 631 W 120.6 kW Ans.
e 0.7 5
25
(1out)avg F vavg 3618.93 3 4 45 236.62 W
2
Thus,
(1out)avg 45236.62
(1in)avg 60 315.5 W 60.3 kW Ans.
e 0.75
14–43.
A car has a mass M and accelerates along a horizontal straight road from rest such that
the power is always a constant amount P. Determine how far it must travel to reach a
speed of v.
Solution:
Power: Since the power output is constant, then the traction force F varies
with v. Applying Eq. 14-10, we have
P
P Fv F
v
P P
Equation of Motion: Ma a
v Mv
vdv
Kinematics: Applying equation ds , we have
a
v
s ´ 2 3
´ µ Mv Mv
µ 1 ds µ dv s Ans.
¶0 P 3P
¶
0
14–44.
SOLUTION
Equation of Motion: The force F which is required to maintain the car’s constant
speed up the slope must be determined first.
F = 2391.08 N
100(103) m 1h
Power: Here, the speed of the car is y = B R * a b = 27.78 m>s.
h 3600 s
The power output can be obtained using Eq. 14–10.
Using Eq. 14–11, the required power input from the engine to provide the above
power output is
power output
power input =
e
66.418
= = 102 kW Ans.
0.65
14–45.
A spring having a stiffness k is compressed a distance G. The stored energy in the spring is
used to drive a machine which requires power P. Determine how long the spring can
supply energy at the required rate.
3
Units Used: kN 10 N
kN
Given: k 5 G 400 mm P 90 W
m
1 §G
2·
1 2
Solution: U12 kG Pt t k¨ ¸ t 4.44 s Ans.
2 2 ©P ¹
14–46.
SOLUTION
my = a b A 15 .5 6 2 B = 308 504 J
1 2 1 2 5 000
U =
2 2 9.81
U 308 504
t = = = 3085.0 4 s = 51.4 min Ans.
Pbulb 10 0
14–47.
SOLUTION
Step height: 0.125 m
4
The number of steps: = 32
0.125
4
If load is placed at the center height, h = = 2 m, then
2
U = 47 088 a b = 94.18 kJ
4
2
4
ny = n sin u = 0.6 ¢ ≤ = 0.2683 m>s
2(32(0.25))2 + 42
h 2
t = = = 7.454 s
ny 0.2683
U 94.18
P = = = 12.6 kW Ans.
t 7.454
Also,
SOLUTION
U1 - 2 (80)(9.81)(4)
P = = = 100 t = 31.4 s
t t
s 2(32(0.25))2 + 42
n = = = 0.285 m>s Ans.
t 31.4
14–49.
SOLUTION
Kinematics:The constant acceleration of the car can be determined from
A:
+ B v = v0 + ac t
25 = 0 + ac (30)
ac = 0.8333 m>s2
F = 3618.93N
Power: The maximum power output of the motor can be determined from
Pout 90473.24
Pin = = = 113 091.55 W = 113 kW Ans.
e 0.8
Thus,
(Pout)avg 45236.62
(Pin)avg = = = 56 545.78 W = 56.5 kW Ans.
e 0.8
14–50.
SOLUTION
Equations of Equilibrium: If the crate is on the verge of slipping, Ff = ms N = 0.3N.
From FBD(a),
y = 1.7045 m>s
SOLUTION 30
Equations of Motion:
Power: The power output at the instant when y = 4 m>s can be obtained using
Eq. 14–10.
Using Eq. 14–11, the required power input to the motor in order to provide the
above power output is
power output
power input =
e
1.181
= = 1.60 kW Ans.
0.74
14–52. A rocket having a total mass of 8 Mg is fired
vertically from rest. If the engines provide a constant thrust
of 4 300 kN, determine the power output of the engines
as a function of time. Neglect the effect of drag resistance
and the loss of fuel mass and weight.
( C ) 2 20 AC T
T 300 kN
0 27.69T 27.69T
Solving,
5 1246.5 N
5 3900.75 N
Power:
Thus,
1out 15603
1in 19.5(103) W 19.5 kW Ans.
e 0.8
14–54. The material hoist and the load have a total mass M
of 800 kg and the counterweight C has a mass of 150 kg. If
the upward speed of the hoist increases uniformly from
0.5 ms to 1.5 ms in 1.5 s, determine the average power
generated by the motor M during this time. The motor
operates with an efficiency of 1 0.8.
D v v0 BD U
B 0.6667 ms2
C
Equations of Motion: Using the result of a and referring to the free-body diagram of
the hoist and block shown in Fig. a,
Solving,
5 1371.5 N
5 3504.92 N
Power:
1.5 0.5
(1out)avg 2T vavg 2(3504.92) 3 4 7009.8 W
2
Thus,
1out 7009.8
1in 8762.3 W 8.76 kW Ans.
e 0.8
14–55.
The elevator E and its freight have a total mass of 400 kg. M
Hoisting is provided by the motor M and the 60-kg block C.
If the motor has an efficiency of P = 0.6, determine the
power that must be supplied to the motor when the elevator
is hoisted upward at a constant speed of vE = 4 m>s.
SOLUTION
vE
Elevator:
E
Since a = 0,
T = 1111.8 N
3vE = vP
F # vP (1111.8)(12)
Pi = = = 22.2 kW Ans.
e 0.6
14–56.
The sports car has a mass of 2.3 Mg, and while it is traveling FD
at 28 m/s the driver causes it to accelerate at 5 m>s2. If the
drag resistance on the car due to the wind is FD = 10.3v22 N,
where v is the velocity in m/s, determine the power supplied
to the engine at this instant. The engine has a running
efficiency of P = 0.68.
SOLUTION
+ ©F = m a ;
: F - 0.3v2 = 2.3(103)(5)
x x
F = 0.3v2 + 11.5(103)
At v = 28 m>s
F = 11 735.2 N
PO 328.59
Pi = = = 438 kW Ans.
e 0.68
14–57.
SOLUTION
+ ©F = m a ;
: F - 10v = 2.3(103)(6)
x x
F = 13.8(103) + 10 v
+ )v = v + a t
(: 0 c
v = 0 + 6(5) = 30 m>s
PO 423.0
Pi = = = 622 kW Ans.
e 0.68
14–58.
SOLUTION
+ ©F = 0;
: 2F - 0.5(150)(9.81) = 0
x
F = 367.875 = 60t2
t = 2.476 s
+ ©F = m a ;
: 2(60t2)- 0.4(150)(9.81) = 150ap
x x
ap = 0.8t2 - 3.924
dv = a dt
A 0.8t2 - 3.924 B dt
v 5
dv =
L0 L2.476
5
v = a b t - 3.924t `
0.8 3
= 19.38 m>s
3 2.476
sP + (sP - sF) = l
2vP = vF
F = 60(5)2 = 1500 N
SOLUTION
+ ©F = ma ;
: 150(10)3 - 0.2(4)(10)3(9.81) = 4(10)3 a
x x
a = 35.54 m>s2
A:
+ Bv = v + a t
0 c
= 0 + 35.54t = 35.54t
Dv
Equations of Motion: Here, A v . By referring to the free-body diagram of the
ds
car shown in Fig. a,
Dv
i&X MAX ; & 1500 2 v
DS
3
Power:
0out F v
Dv
15(103) 15002 v 3v
DS
200 m v
10DS v2 Dv
'0 '0
200 m
v3 v
10S 0
3 0
SOLUTION
Equations of Motion: By referring to the free-body diagram of the dragster shown
in Fig. a,
+ ©F = ma ;
: 20(103) = 1000(a) a = 20 m>s2
x x
a:
+ b v = v0 + ac t
v = 0 + 20 t = (20 t) m>s
Power:
P = F # v = 20(103)(20 t)
= C 400(103)t D W Ans.
14–62.
SOLUTION
v (m/s)
For 0 … t … 0.2
F = 800 N 20
20
v = t = 66.67t
0.3
t (s)
F#v
0.3
P = = 53.3 t kW Ans.
F = 2400 - 8000 t
v = 66.67t
= 1.69 kJ Ans.
14–63.
SOLUTION
v (m/s)
See solution to Prob. 14–62.
P = 160 t - 533 t2 20
dP
= 160 - 1066.6 t = 0
dt
t (s)
0.3
t = 0.15 s 6 0.2 s
SOLUTION
3sE - sP = l
3 vE = vP
When t = 3 s,
(+ c ) v0 + ac t
vE = 0 + 2(3) = 6 m>s
vP = 3(6) = 18 m>s
PO = 1968.33(18)
PO = 35.4 kW Ans.
14–65. A motor hoists a 60-kg crate at a constant velocity
to a height of H 5 m in 2 s. If the indicated power of the
motor is 3.2 kW, determine the motor’s efficiency.
Equations of Motion:
5
Power: The crate travels at a constant speed of 2 2.50 ms. The power output
2
can be obtained using Eq. 14–10.
G 30⬚ 30⬚
SOLUTION
The maximum tension in the cable occurs when u = 0°.
B
T1 + V1 = T2 + V2
1
0 + 40(9.81)(- 2 cos 60°) = (40)v2 + 40(9.81)(- 2)
2
v = 4.429 m>s
4.4292
+ c ©Fn = ma n; T - 40(9.81) = (40)a b T = 784.8 N
2
1 1
0 + 0 = 0 - 2(9.81)(0.5 + 0.2) + (400)(0.2)2 + (kB)(0.2)2
2 2
41 61 42 62
1 1
0 (2)2 3 (80)[ (0.05)2 (0.240)2
0.18]2 (0.030)v2
2 2
41 61 42 62
1
0 2 2 3 (80)[ (0.05)2 (0.240)2
0.18] 2 0 0.030(9.81)H
2
A C D
SOLUTION 2m d
Datum at A:
TA + VA = TB + VB
1 1
(2)(10)2 + 0 = (2)(nB)2 + 2(9.81)(1.5)
2 2
vB = 8.401 m>s
A:
+ B s = s + v t
0 0
d = 0 + 8.401 a b t
4
5
1 2
(+ c ) s = s0 + v0 t + at
2 c
t = 1.269 s
Datum at A:
TA + VA = TD + VD
1 1
(2)(10)2 + 0 = (2)(nD)2 + 0
2 2
vD = 10 m s Ans.
14–71.
The girl has mass M and center of mass at G. If she is swinging to a maximum height defined by
T T1, determine the force developed along each of the four supporting posts such as AB at the
instant T = 0°. The swing is centrally located between the posts.
Given:
M 45 kg
T1 70 deg
I 30 deg
L 2m
m
g 9.81
2
s
Solution:
0 M g L cos T 1
1 2
T1 V 1 T2 V 2 Mv MgL
2
2g L 1 cos T 1
m
v v 4
s
§ v2 · § v2 ·
T Mg M¨ ¸ T M g M¨ ¸ T 1022.4 N
©L¹ ©L¹
T
4FAB cos I T 0 F AB F AB 295.1 N Ans.
4 cos I
14–72.
A B
SOLUTION
4m
Potential Energy: The initial and final elastic potential energy are
(3) A 232 + 42 - 3 B 2 = 6.00 J and (3)(3 - 3)2 = 0, respectively.The gravitational
1 1
2 2
potential energy remains the same since the elevation of collar does not change when it
moves from B to A.
Conservation of Energy:
TB + VB = TA + VA
1
0 + 6.00 = (2) v2A + 0
2
vA = 2.45 m s Ans.
14–73.
A B
SOLUTION
4m
Potential Energy: The stretches of the spring when the collar is at B and A are
sB = 232 + 4 2 - 2 = 3 m and sA = 3 - 2 = 1 m, respectively. Thus, the elastic
potential energy of the system at B and A are
1 1
(Ve)B = ks 2 = (3)(32) = 13.5 J
2 B 2
1 1
(Ve)A = ks 2 = (3)(12) = 1.5 J
2 A 2
There is no change in gravitational potential energy since the elevation of the collar
does not change during the motion.
Conservation of Energy:
TB + VB = TA + VA
1 1
mvB2 + (Ve)B = mvA2 + (Ve)A
2 2
1
0 + 13.5 = (2)vA2 + 1.5
2
The roller-coaster car has mass M, including its passenger, and starts from the top of the hill A
with a speed vA. Determine the minimum height h of the hill crest so that the car travels around
both inside loops without leaving the track. Neglect friction, the mass of the wheels, and the size
of the car. What is the normal reaction on the car when the car is at B and when it is at C?
3
Units Used: kN 10 N
Given:
m
M 800 kg vA 3
s
rB 10 m
m
rC 7m g 9.81
2
s
§¨ vB2 ·¸ m
NB M g M¨ ¸ vB g rB vB 9.9
© rB ¹ s
1 2 1 2
TA V A TB V B M vA M g h M vB M g2rB
2 2
2 2
vB vA
h 2rB h 24.5 m Ans.
2g
1 2 1 2
TA V A TC V C M vA M g h M vC M g2rC
2 2
m
vA 2g h 2rC
2
vC vC 14.7
s
§¨ vC2 ·¸ §¨ vC2 ·¸
NC M g M¨ ¸ NC M¨ ¸ Mg NC 16.8 kN Ans.
© rC ¹ © rC ¹
The roller-coaster car has mass M, including its passenger, and starts from the top of the hill A
with a speed vA. Determine the minimum height h of the hill crest so that the car travels around
both inside loops without leaving the track. Neglect friction, the mass of the wheels, and the size
of the car. What is the normal reaction on the car when the car is at B and when it is at C?
3
Units Used: kN 10 N
Given:
m
M 800 kg vA 0
s
rB 10 m
m
rC 7m g 9.81
2
s
§¨ vB2 ·¸ m
NB M g M¨ ¸ vB g rB vB 9.9
© rB ¹ s
1 2 1 2
TA V A TB V B M vA M g h M vB M g2rB
2 2
2 2
vB vA
h 2rB h 25.0 m Ans.
2g
1 2 1 2
TA V A TC V C M vA M g h M vC M g2rC
2 2
m
vA 2g h 2rC
2
vC vC 14.7
s
§¨ vC2 ·¸ §¨ vC 2 ¸·
NC M g M¨ ¸ NC M¨ ¸ Mg NC 16.8 kN Ans.
© rC ¹ © rC ¹
SOLUTION
Equation of Motion: Since it is required that the roller coaster car is about to leave
vB 2 vB 2
the track at B, NB = 0. Here, an = = . By referring to the free-body
rB 7.5
diagram of the roller coaster car shown in Fig. a,
vB 2
©Fn = ma n; m(9.81) = m ¢ ≤ vB 2 = 73.575 m2>s2
7.5
Potential Energy: With reference to the datum set in Fig. b, the gravitational
potential energy of the rollercoaster car at positions A, B, and C are
A Vg B A = mghA = m(9.81)h = 9.81mh, A Vg B B = mghB = m(9.81)(20) = 196.2 m,
and A Vg B C = mghC = m(9.81)(0) = 0.
Conservation of Energy: Using the result of vB 2 and considering the motion of the
car from position A to B,
TA + VA = TB + VB
mvA 2 + A Vg B A = mvB 2 + A Vg B B
1 1
2 2
1
0 + 9.81mh = m(73.575) + 196.2m
2
h = 23.75 m Ans.
TB + VB = TC + VC
mvB 2 + A Vg B B = mvC 2 + A Vg B C
1 1
2 2
1 1
m(73.575) + 196.2m = mvC 2 + 0
2 2
h⫽2m
SOLUTION
Potential Energy: With reference to the datum set in Fig. a, the gravitational potential
energy of the block at positions (1) and (2) are A Vg B 1 = mgh1 = 40(9.81)(0) = 0 P
and A Vg B 2 = mgh2 = 40(9.81) C -(2 + y) D = C -392.4(2 + y) D , respectively. The
compression of the spring when the block is at positions (1) and (2) are k ⫽ 25 kN/m 600 mm
s1 = (0.75 - 0.6) = 0.15 m and s2 = s1 + y = (0.15 + y) m. Thus, the initial and
final elastic potential energy of the spring are
Conservation of Energy:
T1 + V1 = T2 + V2
mv21 + c A Vg B 1 + A Ve B 1 d = mv22 + c A Vg B 2 + A Ve B 2 d
1 1
2 2
1
(40)(52) + (0 + 281.25) = 0 + [ - 392.4(2 + y)] +
2
1
(25)(103)(0.15 + y)2
2
12500y2 + 3357.6y - 1284.8 = 0
Two equal-length springs are “nested” together in order to form a shock absorber. If it is
designed to arrest the motion of mass M that is dropped from a height s1 above the top of the
springs from an at-rest position, and the maximum compression of the springs is to be G,
determine the required stiffness of the inner spring, kB, if the outer spring has a stiffness kA.
Given:
M 4 kg G 0.2 m
N m
kA 500 g 9.81
m 2
s
s1 0.6 m
Solution:
T1 V 1 T2 V 2
0 M g s1 G
1
0
2
kA kB G 2
2M g s1 G N
kB kA kB 1070 Ans.
2 m
G
14–79. The vertical guide is smooth and the 5-kg collar is 0.4 m
released from rest at A. Determine the speed of the collar
when it is at position C. The spring has an unstretched
length of 300 mm.
B
A
Potential Energy: With reference to the datum set in Fig. a, the gravitational potential k ⫽ 250 N/m
0.3 m
energy of the collar at positions A and C are 7H " NHI" 5(9.81)(0) 0 and
7H $ NHI$ 5(9.81)( 0.3) 14.715 J. When the collar is at positions A and C
C, the spring stretches T" 0.4 0.3 0.1 m and T$ 20.4 0.3 0.3
2 2
0.2 m. The elastic potential energy of the spring when the collar is at these two
1 1
positions are 7F " LT" 2 (250)(0.12) 1.25 J and
2 2
1 1
7F $ LT$ 2 (250)(0.22) 5 J.
2 2
Conservation of Energy:
5" 7" 5$ 7$
1 1
Nv" 2 5 7H " (7F)" 6 Nv$ 2 5 7H $ (7F)$ 6
2 2
1
0 0 1.25 (5)v$ 2 14.715 5
2
SOLUTION
T1 + V1 = T2 + V2
SOLUTION
T1 + V1 = T2 + V2
1
0 + 2a b (50)[2(0.05)2 + (0.240)2 - 0.2]2 = 0 + 0.025(9.81)h
2
SOLUTION
r1
The work is computed by moving F from position r1 to a farther position r2.
Vg = - U = - F dr
L
r2
dr
= -G Me m
Lr1 r2
= - G Me m a - b
1 1
r2 r1
-G Me m
Vg :
r
To be conservative, require
0
a- b
G Me m
F = - § Vg = -
0r r
-G Me m
= Q.E.D.
r2
14–83.
SOLUTION r1
Mem
F = G
r2
r2
dr
F1-2 = F dr = GMem 2
L Lr1 r
1 1
= GMema - b Ans.
r1 r2
14–84.
SOLUTION
T1 + V1 = T2 + V2
1 1 1 1
0 + (300)(0.1 + 0.05)2 = (0.25)(n2)2 + (0.3)(n2)2 + (300)(0.05)2
2 2 2 2
n2 = 3.30 m s Ans.
14–85.
SOLUTION
yA = 40 Mm>h = 11 111.1 m>s
GMe m
Since V = -
r
T1 + V1 = T2 + V2
The bob of mass M of a pendulum is fired from rest at position A by a spring which has a
stiffness k and is compressed a distance G. Determine the speed of the bob and the tension
in the cord when the bob is at positions B and C. Point B is located on the path where the
radius of curvature is still r, i.e., just before the cord becomes horizontal.
3
Units Used: kN 10 N
Given:
M 0.75 kg
kN
k 6
m
G 125 mm
r 0.6 m
Solution:
At B:
1 2 1 2
0 kG M vB M g r
2 2
§ k · G 2 2g r m
vB ¨ ¸ vB 10.6 Ans.
© M¹ s
§ vB2 ·
TB M¨ ¸ TB 142 N Ans.
© r ¹
At C:
1 2 1 2
0 kG M vC M g3r
2 2
§ k · G 2 6g r m
vC ¨ ¸ vC 9.47 Ans.
© M¹ s
§ vC2 ·
TC M g M¨ ¸
© 2r ¹
§ vC2 ·
TC M¨ g¸ TC 48.7 N Ans.
© 2r ¹
14–87.
Given:
M 20 kg
kN
k 2
m
l 100 mm
G 150 mm
Solution:
Given
1
4 k l G
2 ª1 2º ª1 2º
M g smax 2« k l G smax » 2« k l G smax »
2 ¬2 ¼ ¬2 ¼
A
B
SOLUTION
Datum at initial position:
T1 + V1 = T2 + V2
1
0 + 0 = 0 - 2(9.81)(0.6 + x) + (300 + 200)(x)2
2
x = 0.260 m Ans.
14–89.
1.2 m
θ
SOLUTION
At point B: s
n2B
+b©Fn = man; 6(9.81) cos f = 6 a b (1)
1.2
TA + VA = TB + VB
1 1
(6)(2)2 + 6(9.81)(1.2 cos 20°) = (6)(vB)2 + 6(9.81)(1.2 cos f)
2 2
Substitute Eq. (1) into Eq. (2), and solving for vB,
vB = 2.951 m>s
(2.951)2
Thus, f = cos - 1 a b = 42.29°
1.2(9.81)
A+cB s = s0 + v0 t + 12 ac t2
1
-1.2 cos 42.29° = 0 - 2.951(sin 42.29°)t + ( -9.81)t2
2
a:
+ b s = s0 + v0 t
s = 0.587 m Ans.
14–90.
SOLUTION
Datum at ground:
T1 + V1 = T2 + V2
1 2 1
mv + mgh = mv21 + mg2r
2 0 2
v1 = 2v20 + 2g(h-2r)
v21
+ T ©Fn = man; mg = ma b
r
v1 = 2gr
Thus,
SOLUTION
Datum at ground:
T1 + V1 = T2 + V2
1 1
(120)(4)2 + 120(9.81)(12) = (120)(v1)2 + 120(9.81)(10)
2 2
(7.432)2
+ T ©Fn = man; 70(9.81) + N = 70 a b
5
N = 86.7 N Ans.
14–92.
SOLUTION B
Potential Energy: With reference to the datum set at the surface of the water, the
gravitational potential energy of the man at positions A and B are A Vg B A = mghA =
75(9.81)(150) = 110362.5 J and A Vg B B = mghB = 75(9.81)(0) = 0. When the man
is at position A, the elastic cord is unstretched (sA = 0), whereas the elastic cord
stretches sB = A 150 - l0 B m, where l0 is the unstretched length of the cord.Thus, the
elastic potential energy of the elastic cord when the man is at these two positions are
A Ve B A = ksA 2 = 0 and A Ve B B = ksB 2 = (80)(150 - l0)2 = 40(150 - l0)2.
1 1 1
2 2 2
Conservation of Energy:
TA + VA = TB + VB
mvA 2 + B a Vg b + A Ve B A R = mvB 2 + B a Vg b + A Ve B B R
1 1
2 A 2 B
l0 = 97.5 m Ans.
14–93.
0.4 m
k ⫽ 500 N/m
SOLUTION
A
Potential Energy: With reference to the datum set in Fig. a, the gravitational potential u
energy of the sphere at positions (1) and (2) are A Vg B 1 = mgh1 = 10(9.81)(0.45) =
D
B
Conservation of Energy:
T1 + V1 = T2 + V2
m A v B 2 + c A Vg B 1 + A Ve B 1 d = ms A vs B 2 2 + c A Vg B 2 + A Ve B 2 d
1 1
2 s s 1 2
1
0 + (44.145 + 10) = (10)(vs)22 + (0 + 40)
2
p p 2 p 2
7H 1 NHI1 3 N 0SH 4 3 4S 3 4N 0S2H
2 p 2
and
7H 2 NHI 2 0
Conservation of Energy:
51 71 52 72
1 1
Nv1 2 7H 1 Nv2 2 7H 2
2 2
p 2 1 p
0 3 4 N 0S2H 3 N 0S 4v 2 2 0
2 2 2
2
v2 (p 2)HS Ans.
Ap
14–95. The ball of mass m is given a speed of C
W" 23HS at position A. When it reaches B, the cord hits
the small peg P, after which the ball describes a smaller
circular path. Determine the position x of P so that the x B
ball will just be able to reach point C.
O P
vA
Equation of Motion: If the ball is just about to complete the small circular path, the
v2 v$ 2
cord will become slack at position C, i.e., 5 0. Here, BO . By
r S Y
referring to the free-body diagram of the ball shown in Fig. a,
v$ 2
j'O NB O ; NH N 3 4 v$ 2 H(S Y) (1)
S Y
Potential Energy: With reference to the datum set in Fig. b, the gravitational
potential energy of the ball at positions A and C are 7H " NHI" NH(0) 0
and 7H $ NHI$ NH(2S Y).
Conservation of Energy:
5" 7" 5$ 7$
1 1
Nv " 2 7H " Nv$ 2 7H $
2 2
1 1
N(3HS) 0 Nv$ 2 NH(2S Y)
2 2
v$ 2 H(2Y S) (2)
2
Y S Ans.
3
1
v$ HS
A2
14–96. The ball of mass m is given a speed of C
W" 25HS at position A. When it reaches B, the cord hits
the peg P, after which the ball describes a smaller circular
path. If Y 23S, determine the speed of the ball and the x B
tension in the cord when it is at the highest point C.
O P
vA
Potential Energy: With reference to the datum set in Fig. a, the gravitational
potential energy of the ball at positions A and C are 7H " NHI" NH(0) 0
4 4
and 7H $ NHI$ NH3 S 4 NHS.
3 3
Conservation of Energy:
5" 7" 5$ 7$
1 1
Nv " 2 7H " Nv$ 2 7H $
2 2
1 1 4
N(5HS) 0 Nv $ 2 NHS
2 2 3
7
v$ HS Ans.
A3
7
HS
v$ 2 3
Equations of Motion: Here, BO . By referring to the free-body diagram
r S3
of the ball shown in Fig. b,
5 6NH Ans.
14–97.
SOLUTION
Potential Energy: With reference to the datum set in Fig. a, the gravitational potential
energy of the box at positions (1) and (2) are A Vg B 1 = mgh1 = 10(9.81)(0) = 0 and
A Vg B 2 = mgh2 = 10(9.81) C - A 0.5 + d B D = - 98.1 A 0.5 + d B . Initially, the spring
50
stretches s1 = = 0.2 m. Thus, the unstretched length of the spring
250
is l0 = 1 - 0.2 = 0.8 m and the initial elastic potential of each spring is
A Ve B 1 = (2) ks1 2 = 2(250 > 2)(0.22) = 10 J . When the box is at position (2), the
1
2
T1 + V 1 + T2 + V2
d = 1.34 m Ans.