SAI NT VI NCENT COLLEGE OF CABUYAO

Brgy. Mamatid, City of Cabuyao, Laguna 4025

COLLEGE OF PSYCHOLOGY i

Republic of the Philippines

Commission on Higher Education
Region IV-A Calabarzon
St. Vincent College of Cabuyao

The Effectiveness Of Orange Peel In Terms Of Tile Cleaner

A Science Investigative Project Presented to the Faculty of St. Vincent College of

Cabuyao
Mamatid Cabuyao Laguna
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements in Physics

Researchers:

SABEROLA GEORGILU S.
RIEGO PRINCES JOY
ESTIPONA EDLYN

(MARCH 2019)
 SAINT VINCENT COLLEGE OF CABUYAO
Brgy. Mamatid, City of Cabuyao, Laguna 4025

COLLEGE OF PSYCHOLOGY iv

REVIEW RELATED STUDY

According to Dr.Sarah Brent nowadays, most of people prefer to use

biodegradable product or “green” product. Especially in current downturn
economy, many people change to less expensive products. Using citrus fruits as
an alternative ways to remove stain is the good choice. The question that arises
here is what the significance of knowing which of the citrus fruits is best used in
removing stains. Citric acid is weak organic acid and one of the acids found in
citrus fruits such as lime and lemon. It popularly used in food industrial as
perservative. It also can act as natural bleaching agent and an antioxidant. So it is
useful in our daily life to remove stain or dirt from fabric and bleach the spot. Citric
acid exist in many type of vegetables and fruits but more concentrated in lime and
juice where the dry weight of citric acid in fruit comprimise as much as 8 percent
(sciencedaily.com).The concentration of cotric acid in fruits range from 0.005
mol/L for oranges to 0.30 mol/L in lemons and limes (Wiki.Org)
(https://www.ukessays.com/essays/biology/citric-acid-in-citrus-fruits-in-removing-
stains-biology-essay.php)

D.Noemia Souza (2008) stated that “bleaches are chemical that capable to
whitening the fabrics and removing stains by destroying colouring matter”. There
are two types of reaction that involve in bleaching. Commonly bleaching process
involves in oxidation processes such as hydrogen peroxide and some involve the
reduction processes such as sodium chlorite, the oxidation and reduction also can
occur simultaneously. “Bleaching process for stains most effective when both an
oxidative and a reductive bleaching steps worked together and this referred as
“full” bleaching” (J.M. Cardamone & W.N. Marker, 1995) There are various types
of bleaches, and each type of bleach is specifically used for certain type of fabrics.
The fabrics are very specific and if used with wrong bleach, the fabric will wear
out. Concentration, pH, Low‐temperature microwave hydrothermal processing of
orange peel not only enables the separation of the major components but also
adds further value through the production of other high‐value products: pectin
and D‐limonene, together with a rare form of mesoporous cellulose, are produced
in a single step, without added acid. A process temperature change enables the
conversion of D‐limonene to α‐terpineol.
https://www.ukessays.com/essays/biology/citric-acid-in-citrus-fruits-in-removing-
stains-biology-essay.php
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