INTRODUCTION TO HUMAN

ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY

Ben John Nolasco Abad, LPT
Department of Biology
Adamson University
Lesson Overview

Anatomy and Physiology

Levels of Organisation
The Characteristics of Life
Homeostasis
 Systemic
Anatomy
Gr. ana— ‘up’ + tomia ‘to cut’
The study of biological structures. Regional

Pathology
Physiology Gr. pathos— ‘suffering’ + logia ‘study’

Gr. phusio— ‘natural’ + logia ‘study’ The study of abnormal biological

functions.
The study of normal biological functions.
 Organism
The whole living thing

LS A L Organ Systems

VE GI C N Groups of organs that perform a set of functions.

E
L OLO ATI O Organs
Groups of tissues types that together perform one or more common functions.

IB NIS Tissues
F
O RG A Groups of similar cells and their surrounding material that perform the same function.

Cells
O Smallest, most basic functional unit of life

Organelles
Specially arranged groups of molecules with specific properties and functions.

Molecules
Groups of atoms with specific properties and functions.

Atoms
Basic unit of matter.
Integumentary Immune
Muscular Reproductive
Excretory Nervous Skeletal
Endocrine Digestive
Circulatory Respiratory
WHAT DOES IT MEAN TO BE
ALIVE?
 LVL
UP!
All living All living All living All living All living All living
things present things can things must things things are things can
some degree exploit the be able to increase in made of cells and will make
of stored sense and size over time and those multiple

RESPONSIVENESS
organisation: chemical respond - or are cells, over copies of itself
be it in the

REPRODUCTION
energy in accordingly to capable of time, will as a way of
ORGANISATION

grouping of

DEVELOPMENT
most organic changes in regeneration. tend to perpetuating
METABOLISM

molecules molecules their change in its genes.

into through one environment. order to
organelles, of many assume a

GROWTH
cells into metabolic specific
tissues, pathways. cellular
organs into function.
organ
systems, etc.
 HOMEOSTASIS
Gr. Homoios ‘like' + stasis ‘standing’

The existence and maintenance of a relatively constant environment within

the body despite fluctuations in the external or internal environment.
• VARIABLES - conditions around the cell whose values change over time.
• SET POINT - the ideal value of a variable
• NORMAL RANGE - a certain range above and below the set point where
homeostasis is maintained.
• HOMEOSTATIC MECHANISMS - Methods of manipulating a variable to remain
within the normal range.
 Negative Feedback Positive Feedback
Any deviation from the Any deviation from the
set point is made smaller set point further
or resisted. stimulates deviation.