Science Technology and
Nation Building
The Concept of Nation Building
Nation- defined as a group or race of people who
shared history , traditions and culture, sometimes
religion , and usually language.
Many aspects shall be considered in achieving a strong
nation .As Prof.Gambari (2008) enumerated , these
aspects include:
 Building a political entity ( territory , rules
,norms, principles and common citizenship );
 Building institutions ( symbolizes political entity
– institutions such as a bureaucracy ,an
economy, the judiciary ,universities, a civil
service ,and civil society organizations) ; and
 Building a common sense of purpose , a sense
of shared destiny, a collective imagination of
belonging.
Science and Technology in
Philippine Nation Building
Philippines is one of the developing countries that is
continuously addressing the persistent problems of
inequality and poverty. How the Philippines respond to
these challenges will determine whether the country
will experienced rapid , inclusive and sustained growth
and development.
Declaration of 1987 Constitution ,Article XIV
This mandate necessitates the assurance of
implementing efforts in utilizing science and technology
as a tool for advancing the capability and capacity of the
nation for the welfare and conditions of its people.
Philippine Government Agencies
Department of Science and Technology (DOST)
The Department of Science and Technology (DOST) is
the primary science and technology body in the country
responsible for providing central direction , leadership
and coordination of all scientific and technological
activities , and of formulating policies , programs and
projects to support national development.
DOST is composed of councils and agencies with specific
scope and responsibilities as well . The said councils and
agencies are:
 Sectoral planning councils
 Research and development institutes
 S & T service institutes
 Collegial bodies
 Regional offices
 Provincial S & T centers
Congressional Commission on Science ,
Technology and Engineering
Jointly created by the Senate and the House of
Representatives, this commission serves as an advisory
and the policy making body that aims to strengthen the
linkage with all sectors related to science and
technology in pursuit of its objectives.
Department of Trade and Industry
It is responsible for implementing industry-focused
policies and with DOST co-funds programs ( with DOST
as a coordinating agent).
Commission on Higher Education
This agency is responsible for the formulation of policies
, plans and programs for the development of higher
education system in the country. It has been mandated
to promote quality education and ensures the
implementation of educational policies relevant to
continuous advancement of learning.
National Economic and Development Authority
The National Economic and Development Authority is a
government agency responsible to formulates
development plans and ensure that plan
implementation achieve the goals of national
development.It is regarded as the country’s premier
socioeconomic planning body, an authority in
macroeconomics forecasting and policy analysis and
research.
Science Education in the Philippines
Four Pillars of EDUCATION:
“learning to know, learning to
live together, learning to do, and
learning to be”
Science and Technology in the Philippines
PRE-HISTORY
The Spanish introduced formal education and founded
scientific institution. During the early years of Spanish
rule in the Philippines.
Parish schools were established where religion, reading,
writing, arithmetic and music was taught. Sanitation
and more advanced methods of agriculture was taught
to the natives.
American Period and Post-Commonwealth era
The progress of science and technology in the
Philippines continued under American rule of the
islands.
The Bureau dealt with the study of tropical diseases and
laboratory projects.
The Bureau of Science became the primary research
center of the Philippines until World War II.
Marcos Era and Martial Law
During Ferdinand Marcos' presidency, the importance
given to science grew. In the amended 1973 Philippine
Constitution, Article XV, Section 9 ,he declared that the
"advancement of science and technology shall have
priority in the national development." In his two terms
of presidency and during Martial Law, he enacted many
laws promoting science and technology
Innovation Culture
What recent success we have with the Saltwater Lamp,
the Salamander Tricycle and the Diwata 1 and 2
Microsatellite is a good start but only indicates that we
have a long way to go before we create an innovation
culture.
Asean Integration requires competitive technology
Two Major Approaches
1. Stronger Research and Development in the regions,
not just Manila
Expand research and development initiatives by
providing more grant support for Research and
Development through the DOSTs sectoral planning
councils such as PCIERD, PCAARD and ASTI in
cooperation with universities in the regions.
The science initiative must be distributed to the regions
especially those where food production needs to be
improved, industry needs to grow and where innovation
needs to be developed.
This is critical in light of climate change and expensive
electricity and the need to disperse industry and
economic activities.
2. Strategic projects in five areas:
Renewable energy- we need new technologies to
enable high electricity yields in limited space with less
dependence on natural resources to enable us to meet
our COP 21 commitments, while lowering the price of
electricity.
Science and Technology for industry development- we
need stronger participation of our scientists and
engineers if we want to revitalize our basic industries
such as the steel industry.
Faster and cheaper internet – we have Asias slowest
internet, yet our archipelago needs it bridge gaps and
build networks.
Increased food production- given limited lands,
technology is needed to expand yields while increasing
quality of output and being less dependent on foreign
inputs like fertilizers.
Climate change adaptation- We need cutting edge
technology to enable our farmers to adapt to changing
climates and the need to do away with technologies
that destroy the capacity for good healthful yields.
INCUBATOR BY FE DEL MUNDO
After her graduation from the University of the
Philippines, Del Mundo was offered by Pres. Manuel
Quezon a full scholarship to any University in the United
States to elaborate her training in the medical field of
her choice.
In 1963 she is the first Asian to have entered the
prestigious Harvard University’s School of Medicine is
also credited for her studies that lead to the invention Science Subjects became obligatory in
of incubator . Elementary and Secondary Level .
1958
VIDEOPHONE BY GREGORIO ZARA A National Committee for Science Education
was created. This organization give the
• Gregorio Zara was born in Lipa City Philippines, objectives and steps in teaching Science.
invented the videophone in 1955 and referred
to as a Photophone separator signal.  ACQUISITON OF MORE SCIENCE
EQUIPMENTS AND TOOLS
ERYTHROMYCIN BY ABELARDO AGUILAR  COORDINATION OF EFFORTS WITH
OTHER AGENCIES
Aguilar discovered the antibiotic Erythromycin, the  NEGOTIATION FOR A SCIENCE
generic name of Iloson, was reportedly the first INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS
successful macrolide antibiotic introduced in the US.  NATIONAL SCIENCE TALENT SEARCH
AND FELLOWSHIP
FEMININE HYGIENE BY DR. VIRGILIO MALANG  HIGHER SALARY FOR SCIENCE AND
MATH TEACHERS
SINGLE-CHIP GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE  PROMOTION OF SCIENCE TEACHERS
ACCELERATOR BY DIOSDADO BANATAO COMPETENCE

• introduced the first single-chip graphical user SELECTED INDIGENOUS SCIENCE AND
interface accelerator that made computers TECHNOLOGY
work a lot faster and for helping develop
the Ethernet controller chip that made the INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE SYSTEM
Internet possible.  Embedded in the cultural traditions of
regional, indigenous, or local communities
DIOSDADO “DADO” BANATAO  Orally passed
 Evident in stories, poems, and songs
“INNOVATION IS MORE IMPORTANT THAN EXAMPLES
INVENTION.INNOVATION IMPLIES INDUSTRY.” 1. Prediction of weather
2. Using herbal medicine
QUINK INK INVENTED BY FRANCISCO QUISUMBING 3. Preserving of foods
4. Classifying plants and animals into families
an innovative ink at that time and was further 5. Selecting good seeds for planting
developed to work with Parker Pens. 6. Using indigenous technology
7. Building local irrigation
Aside from being quick drying, it was also water- 8. Classifying different types of soil for planting
resistant, did not clog the pen opening, does not blot 9. Producing wines from tropical fruits
and will not fade. 10. Keeping the custom of growing plants and
vegetables
It is considered one of the best selling ink for fountain
pens of the millennium. PREDICTION OF WEATHER
NORTH
Puwek ni kiling (storm of kiling) - a tropical storm
that occurs late in the year and usually concides
with the immigration of the bird locally known as
SCIENCE EDUCATION IN THE PHILIPPINES kiling.
1950 Shining moon with a rainbow encircling or a bloody
It was on this decade that the Filipinos became red sunset - may indicate a coming storm
aware of the importance of the Science in the SOUTH
field of Education. Kasili (mythical fish) - landsliide will occur
1957 During New Year, when the cow or horse eat grass,
wail, it meant drought - forthcoming calamity
When the goats repeatedly wail, there will be a Peoples, creating a National Commission on
landslide Indigenous Peoples, establishing implementing
mechanisms, appropriating funds therefore, and for
MEDICINE other purposes.
NORTH
114 plants used by the Tadyawans INDIGENOUS SCIENCE
SOUTH Part of the indigenous knowledge system practiced
Herbolarios - Filipino term for a witch doctor, folk by different groups of people and early civilizations.
healer, or medicine men Uses science processes skills guided by community
Tuob culture and values composed of traditional
Anino - for headaches and cancer knowledge.

PRESERVING OF FOODS Human Flourishing in

NORTH Science and Technology
Etag (Igorot) or Innasin (Iloko) (Dried and salted Flourishing
pork/meat) - -a state where people experience positive
emotions, positive psychological functioning
and positive social functioning
- Human Flourishing
AGRICULTURE - an effort to achieve self-actualization and
NORTH fulfilment
Banaue rice terraces - Each has the rights to pursue efforts on self.
SOUTH - Human potentialities, including talents, abilities,
Swidden farming - shifting cultivation: land is and virtues in the pursuit of his freely and
cleared by fire rationally chosen values and goals.
Agriculture cycle: pendupi, miyan, pemeres - wind - Human civilizations and the development of
patterns science and technology
The constellation Orion - signals the time for the - Human person as both the
clearing of a new swidden bearer and beneficiary of
science and technology
TECHNOLOGY - Bearer
Pottery - forming vessels with clay - a person or thing that carries or holds
Weaving - involves threads being measured, cut, something.
and mounted on a wooden platform - Human flourishes and finds meaning in the
Finer metalcraft - bladed weapons world that he/she builds.
Sumbiring - Human may unconsciously acquire, consume or
Bidyo destroy what the world has to offer.
- Science and Technology
PRODUCING WINES - must be treated as part of human life that
Tapey (Rice wine) - traditional beverage from needs reflective and meditative thinking.
Banaue and the Mountain Province - must be examined for their greater impact on
humanity as a whole.
HOUSES - Meditative thinking
NORTH - A kind of thinking that thinks the truth of being,
Built their houses on the hillside that belongs to being and listens to it.
SOUTH - TECHNOLOGY AS A MODE OF
Hut REVEALING
Subanon house - MARTIN HEIDEGGER
- a German philosopher and a seminal thinker in
INDIGENOUS PEOPLE’S RIGHTS ACT OF 1997 (IPRA) the Continental tradition of philosophy.
(RA 8371) - Important philosophers of the 20th century.
An Act to recognize, project, and promote the rights - HEIDEGGER’S VIEW ON
of Indigenous Cultural Communities/Indigenous TECHNOLOGY
- Opposes the “a means to an end” or “a human
activity.”
- instrumental
- anthropological
- HEIDEGGER’S VIEW ON
TECHNOLOGY
- Technology, according to Heidegger must be
understood as “a way of revealing” (Heidegger
1977, 12).
- Revealing is alètheuein means “to discover”
- Related verb is alètheia means “truth”
- How can technology be a way
of revealing?
- How can technology be a way
of revealing?
- by entering into a particular relation with
- reality, reality is ‘revealed’ in a specific way.
- technology embodies a specific way of revealing
the world, a revealing in which humans take
power over reality.
- Technology reveals the world.
- Example:
 Ancient discovery (fossils, places, artifacts).
 Cultures, traditions and beliefs.
 The state of the health.
 Informations
 Ancient discovery
 Cultures, traditions and beliefs
 The state of the health
 Informations
What is reality?
according to Heidegger, it is not given the same
way in all times and all cultures (Seubold 1986,
35-6).
- not something absolute that human beings can
ever know once and for all
- Sometimes inaccessible for human beings.
WHY IS TECHNOLOGY NOT
A HUMAN ACTIVITY?
- According to Heidegger, there is something
wrong with the modern, technological culture
we live in today. In our ‘age of technology’
reality can only be present as a raw material (as
a ‘standing reserve’). This state of affairs has
not been brought about by humans; the
technological way of revealing was not chosen
by humans.
- We need to open up the possibility of relying on
technologies while not becoming enslaved to
them and
- seeing them as manifestations of an
understanding of being.