Introduction and Challenges

 Introduction
◦ Applicability of MS1723 method
 Methodology
◦ Simultaneous isokinetic sampling at inlet & outlet
◦ Dust analysis (gravimetric for weight and laser
diffraction for PSD analysis)
◦ Calculation formulas
 Sample results
◦ table and graphs
 Challenges in sampling
◦ Factors resulting to inconclusive results
 Ways to improve accuracy
 Applicability of MS1723
◦ Performance evaluation for mechanical dust
collector
 defined as a device which separates dust in a dry state
from gas through the application of inertial and
gravitational forces only
 E.g. – settling chamber, cyclones
◦ Valid for confined flow system
 No leakage along ducting
 Simultaneous isokinetic sampling at both
inlet and outlet of dust collector
◦ Using MS1596:2003 method, measure particulate
concentrations
 Consists of two teams (1 at inlet, 1 at outlet)
 A coordinator needed (coordinate both teams, log
plant conditions)
◦ Samples collected to be analyzed at accredited
laboratory
 Mass determination (gravimetric)
 Collected samples further analysed for
particle size distribution (PSD)
◦ Using ISO-13320 method (particle size analysis –
laser diffraction method)
◦ Analyze at least 64 intervals of particle sizes
◦ Size range to be analyzed between 0.1 to 200
micron,
 analysis shall always correspond to sizes present in
flue gas
 Collection of dust must be simultaneous - at
same time both inlet and outlet
 Minimum of 3 tests
◦ 2 conclusive tests required
 Preparation before sampling
◦ Choose the most suitable inlet & outlet sampling
points
◦ Coordinator must choose suitable location
 Can see both isokinetic teams
 If not possible, use 2-way radios (walkie talkie)
 Testing procedure
◦ Follow MS1596 method
 Coordinator to control the sampling times for both
inlet and outlet teams.
 Must be at the same time
 Process conditions to be recorded
 plant capacities, type of fuel, excess air, temp, pressure,
etc.
 Repeat tests 3 times
 Efficiency of dust collector:

where cin : dust concentration before dust collector

cout : dust concentration after dust collector
 Relative outlet PSD (in terms of inlet PSD):

where mi,out : mass per particle size interval after dust collector

Note:
All particle size distribution (mi,in and mi,out shall be normalized to 100)
 Grade efficiency:

where mi,in : mass per particle size interval before dust collector
Source: Boiler in POM, fuel=Palm shell & fiber
Type of dust collector : Multicyclone

Inlet duct: rectangle,

2.10x0.84m A=1.76 m2

Inlet Test Sampling time Static P Temp. Water cont. O2 cont. CO2 cont. Velocity Flowrate Dust conc.
Time (hrs) # minutes "H20 oC % % % m/s Nm3/hr g/Nm3
0905 – 1030 1 60 -7.50 172.1 7.0218 12.9 5.4 9.66 39510.82 4.2629
1145 – 1305 2 60 -7.60 174.8 7.0102 12.8 5.6 9.67 39298.65 4.2134
1400 – 1520 3 60 -7.60 175.5 6.9626 12.7 5.6 9.78 39685.72 4.1002

Outlet duct: circular,

dia=0.9m A=0.64 m2

Outlet Test Sampling time Static P Temp. Water cont. O2 cont. CO2 cont. Velocity Flowrate Dust conc.
Time (hrs) # minutes "H20 oC % % % m/s Nm3/hr g/Nm3
0905 – 1030 1 60 -0.60 170.5 6.9626 13.0 5.2 24.68 37164.29 0.2653
1145 – 1305 2 60 -0.61 170.8 7.0453 13.2 5.2 24.68 37163.72 0.4345
1400 – 1520 3 60 -0.60 171.0 7.4737 13.2 5.2 24.66 37268.31 0.4366
 Test 1 Test 1 Test 2 Test 2 Test 3 Test 3 Average Average

Inlet Outlet Inlet Outlet Inlet Outlet Inlet Outlet

Dust concentration
4.2629 0.2653 4.2134 0.4345 4.1002 0.4366 4.1922 0.3788
(g/m3N)

Efficiency
0.9378 0.8969 0.8935 0.9094
(mass basis)

Note : Dust concentration in dry basis, at STP, expressed at 12.0% CO2

 Particle Size Distribution Particle Size Distribution Particle Size Distribution Particle Size Distribution
Test 1 Test 2 Test 3 Test 1 Test 2 Test 3 Test
Size Avg Avg Test 1 Test 2 Test 3 Test 1 Test 2 3
Size
under Inlet Inlet Inlet Outlet Outlet Outlet Avg Avg
under
(um) Inlet Inlet Inlet Outlet Outlet Outlet
(um)
Mass in band (%) Mass in band (%)
0.100 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Mass in band (%) Mass in band (%)
0.110 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
1.096 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.08 0.00 0.00 0.03
0.120 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.202 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.02
0.132 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.318 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.02
0.145 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.445 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.02
0.158 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.585 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.02
0.174 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.738 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.02
0.191 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.905 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.08 0.00 0.00 0.03
0.209 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.089 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.09 0.00 0.00 0.03
0.229 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.291 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.03
0.251 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.512 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.12 0.00 0.00 0.04
0.275 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.754 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.14 0.03 0.00 0.06
0.302 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.020 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.16 0.06 0.03 0.08
0.331 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.311 0.04 0.02 0.00 0.02 0.19 0.06 0.05 0.10
0.363 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.631 0.05 0.05 0.01 0.04 0.22 0.07 0.06 0.12
0.398 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.981 0.06 0.06 0.03 0.05 0.25 0.09 0.08 0.14
0.437 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.01 4.365 0.07 0.07 0.04 0.06 0.28 0.10 0.09 0.16
0.479 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.02 4.786 0.08 0.08 0.05 0.07 0.31 0.11 0.10 0.17
0.525 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.08 0.00 0.00 0.03 5.248 0.09 0.08 0.05 0.07 0.34 0.12 0.11 0.19
0.575 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.03 5.754 0.08 0.08 0.05 0.07 0.37 0.13 0.12 0.21
0.631 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.03 6.310 0.08 0.07 0.05 0.07 0.40 0.13 0.13 0.22
0.692 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.11 0.00 0.00 0.04 6.918 0.06 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.44 0.13 0.12 0.23
0.759 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.11 0.00 0.00 0.04 7.586 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.48 0.13 0.12 0.24
0.832 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.03 8.318 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.52 0.13 0.11 0.25
0.912 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.03 9.120 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.58 0.13 0.11 0.27
1.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.09 0.00 0.00 0.03 10.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.66 0.14 0.10 0.30
 Particle Size Distribution Particle Size Distribution Particle Size Distribution Particle Size Distribution
Test 1 Test 2 Test 3 Test 1 Test 2 Test 3 Test 1 Test 2 Test 3 Test 1 Test 2 Test 3
Size Avg Avg
Size Avg Avg
under Inlet Inlet Inlet Outlet Outlet Outlet
under Inlet Inlet Inlet Outlet Outlet Outlet
(um)
(um)
Mass in band (%) Mass in band (%)
Mass in band (%) Mass in band (%)
10.965 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.76 0.16 0.11 0.34
109.648 3.42 3.50 3.56 3.49 2.35 3.33 3.32 3.00
12.023 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.89 0.20 0.13 0.41
120.226 3.09 3.27 3.53 3.30 2.17 3.21 3.08 2.82
13.183 0.00 0.03 0.06 0.03 1.06 0.26 0.17 0.50
14.454 0.11 0.14 0.11 0.12 1.27 0.34 0.25 0.62 131.826 2.76 3.04 3.48 3.09 2.03 3.08 2.85 2.65
15.849 0.26 0.29 0.18 0.24 1.51 0.46 0.36 0.78 144.544 2.44 2.81 3.40 2.88 1.91 2.95 2.62 2.49
17.378 0.45 0.49 0.29 0.41 1.79 0.62 0.52 0.98 158.489 2.14 2.58 3.30 2.67 1.81 2.81 2.40 2.34
19.055 0.70 0.74 0.42 0.62 2.11 0.81 0.72 1.21 173.780 1.87 2.36 3.17 2.47 1.71 2.66 2.18 2.18
20.893 1.01 1.05 0.59 0.88 2.44 1.03 0.97 1.48 190.546 1.65 2.15 3.03 2.28 1.61 2.51 1.97 2.03
22.909 1.37 1.40 0.79 1.19 2.80 1.29 1.27 1.79 208.930 1.47 1.95 2.86 2.09 1.49 2.36 1.78 1.88
25.119 1.77 1.79 1.01 1.52 3.14 1.57 1.60 2.10 229.087 1.34 1.76 2.68 1.93 1.34 2.21 1.59 1.71
27.542 2.20 2.20 1.25 1.88 3.47 1.87 1.96 2.43 251.189 1.26 1.59 2.48 1.78 1.14 2.06 1.42 1.54
30.200 2.65 2.61 1.51 2.26 3.76 2.17 2.33 2.75 275.423 1.22 1.45 2.28 1.65 0.93 1.91 1.26 1.37
33.113 3.08 3.02 1.78 2.63 4.01 2.47 2.71 3.06 301.995 1.22 1.32 2.08 1.54 0.72 1.78 1.12 1.21
36.308 3.49 3.39 2.04 2.97 4.19 2.74 3.06 3.33 331.131 1.23 1.20 1.88 1.44 0.34 1.65 1.00 1.00
39.811 3.86 3.72 2.30 3.29 4.30 2.99 3.39 3.56 363.078 1.26 1.11 1.70 1.36 0.11 1.53 0.89 0.84
43.652 4.18 4.00 2.54 3.57 4.33 3.21 3.67 3.74 398.107 1.27 1.03 1.54 1.28 0.03 1.42 0.81 0.75
47.863 4.42 4.20 2.75 3.79 4.29 3.38 3.90 3.86 436.516 1.26 0.95 1.39 1.20 0.00 1.31 0.74 0.68
52.481 4.59 4.35 2.95 3.96 4.18 3.52 4.06 3.92
478.630 1.21 0.88 1.27 1.12 0.00 1.20 0.69 0.63
57.544 4.67 4.41 3.11 4.06 4.01 3.61 4.15 3.92
524.807 1.13 0.80 1.18 1.04 0.00 1.10 0.67 0.59
63.096 4.68 4.42 3.25 4.12 3.80 3.66 4.18 3.88
575.440 1.02 0.72 1.10 0.95 0.00 0.98 0.66 0.55
69.183 4.61 4.36 3.37 4.11 3.55 3.67 4.15 3.79
630.957 0.86 0.63 1.05 0.85 0.00 0.87 0.66 0.51
75.858 4.47 4.25 3.45 4.06 3.29 3.65 4.05 3.66
691.831 0.71 0.53 1.00 0.75 0.00 0.75 0.68 0.48
83.176 4.28 4.11 3.51 3.97 3.03 3.60 3.92 3.52
758.578 0.53 0.43 0.97 0.64 0.00 0.63 0.71 0.45
91.201 4.02 3.92 3.55 3.83 2.77 3.52 3.74 3.34
831.764 0.25 0.33 0.94 0.51 0.00 0.50 0.74 0.41
100.00 3.74 3.72 3.57 3.68 2.55 3.43 3.54 3.17
912.011 0.12 0.22 0.90 0.41 0.00 0.38 0.77 0.38
1000.00 0.02 0.11 0.84 0.32 0.00 0.29 0.79 0.36
TOTAL 100.0 99.9 96.4 98.8 100.0 99.3 95.6 98.3
 TEST 1 TEST 2 TEST 3 TEST 1 TEST 2 TEST 3
Mass in band Effici Mass in band Effici Mass in band Effici Mass in band Effici Mass in band Effici Mass in band Effici
Size (%) ency (%) ency (%) ency Size (%) ency (%) ency (%) ency
under Outle per Outl per Outle per under Outle per Outl per Outle per
(um) t partic et partic t partic (um) t partic et partic t partic
Inlet Inlet Inlet Inlet Inlet Inlet
relati le relat le relati le relati le relat le relati le
ve size ive size ve size ve size ive size ve size
0.100 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na 1.10 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na
0.110 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na 1.20 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na
0.120 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na 1.32 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na
0.132 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na 1.45 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na
0.145 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na 1.59 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na
0.158 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na 1.74 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na
0.174 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na 1.91 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na
0.191 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na 2.09 0.00 0.01 na 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na
0.209 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na 2.29 0.00 0.01 na 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na
0.229 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na 2.51 0.00 0.01 na 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na
0.251 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na 2.75 0.00 0.01 na 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na
0.275 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na 3.02 0.00 0.01 na 0.00 0.01 na 0.00 0.00 na
0.302 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na 3.31 0.04 0.01 0.70 0.02 0.01 0.69 0.00 0.01 na
0.331 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na 3.63 0.05 0.01 0.73 0.05 0.01 0.85 0.01 0.01 0.36
0.363 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na 3.98 0.06 0.02 0.74 0.06 0.01 0.84 0.03 0.01 0.71
0.398 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na 4.37 0.07 0.02 0.75 0.07 0.01 0.85 0.04 0.01 0.76
0.437 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na 4.79 0.08 0.02 0.76 0.08 0.01 0.86 0.05 0.01 0.79
0.479 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na 5.25 0.09 0.02 0.76 0.08 0.01 0.84 0.05 0.01 0.76
0.525 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na 5.75 0.08 0.02 0.71 0.08 0.01 0.83 0.05 0.01 0.74
0.575 0.00 0.01 na 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na 6.31 0.08 0.02 0.69 0.07 0.01 0.81 0.05 0.01 0.72
0.631 0.00 0.01 na 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na 6.92 0.06 0.03 0.54 0.05 0.01 0.73 0.05 0.01 0.74
0.692 0.00 0.01 na 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na 7.59 0.03 0.03 0.00 0.02 0.01 0.33 0.02 0.01 0.36
0.759 0.00 0.01 na 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na 8.32 0.00 0.03 na 0.00 0.01 na 0.00 0.01 na
0.832 0.00 0.01 na 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na 9.12 0.00 0.04 na 0.00 0.01 na 0.00 0.01 na
0.912 0.00 0.01 na 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na 10.0 0.00 0.04 na 0.00 0.01 na 0.00 0.01 na
1.00 0.00 0.01 na 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na
 TEST 1 TEST 2 TEST 3 TEST 1 TEST 2 TEST 3
Mass in band Mass in band Mass in band Mass in band Efficie Mass in band Efficie Mass in band Efficie
(%) Efficie (%) Efficie (%) Efficie (%) (%) (%)
Size Size ncy ncy ncy
ncy ncy ncy
under Outle under per Outl per per
Outlet per per Outlet per Outlet Outlet
(um) t (um) partic et partic partic
Inlet relativ particl Inlet particl Inlet relativ particl Inlet relativ Inlet Inlet relativ
relati le relati le le
e e size e size e e size e e
ve size ve size size

11.0 0.00 0.05 na 0.00 0.02 na 0.00 0.01 na 110 3.42 0.15 0.96 3.50 0.35 0.90 3.69 0.37 0.90
12.0 0.00 0.06 na 0.00 0.02 na 0.01 0.01 -0.39 120 3.09 0.14 0.96 3.27 0.33 0.90 3.66 0.34 0.91
13.2 0.00 0.07 na 0.03 0.03 0.10 0.06 0.02 0.70 132 2.76 0.13 0.95 3.04 0.32 0.89 3.61 0.32 0.91
14.5 0.11 0.08 0.28 0.14 0.04 0.75 0.11 0.03 0.76 145 2.44 0.12 0.95 2.81 0.31 0.89 3.53 0.29 0.92
15.8 0.26 0.09 0.64 0.29 0.05 0.84 0.19 0.04 0.79 158 2.14 0.11 0.95 2.58 0.29 0.89 3.43 0.27 0.92
17.4 0.45 0.11 0.75 0.49 0.06 0.87 0.30 0.06 0.81 174 1.87 0.11 0.94 2.36 0.28 0.88 3.29 0.24 0.93
19.1 0.70 0.13 0.81 0.74 0.08 0.89 0.44 0.08 0.82 191 1.65 0.10 0.94 2.15 0.26 0.88 3.14 0.22 0.93
20.9 1.01 0.15 0.85 1.05 0.11 0.90 0.61 0.11 0.82 209 1.47 0.09 0.94 1.95 0.25 0.87 2.97 0.20 0.93
22.9 1.37 0.17 0.87 1.40 0.13 0.90 0.82 0.14 0.83 229 1.34 0.08 0.94 1.76 0.23 0.87 2.78 0.18 0.94
25.1 1.77 0.20 0.89 1.79 0.16 0.91 1.05 0.18 0.83 251 1.26 0.07 0.94 1.59 0.21 0.87 2.57 0.16 0.94
27.5 2.20 0.22 0.90 2.20 0.19 0.91 1.30 0.22 0.83 275 1.22 0.06 0.95 1.45 0.20 0.86 2.37 0.14 0.94
30.2 2.65 0.23 0.91 2.61 0.23 0.91 1.57 0.26 0.83 302 1.22 0.04 0.96 1.32 0.18 0.86 2.16 0.12 0.94
33.1 3.08 0.25 0.92 3.02 0.26 0.92 1.85 0.30 0.84 331 1.23 0.02 0.98 1.20 0.17 0.86 1.95 0.11 0.94
36.3 3.49 0.26 0.93 3.39 0.28 0.92 2.12 0.34 0.84 363 1.26 0.01 0.99 1.11 0.16 0.86 1.76 0.10 0.94
39.8 3.86 0.27 0.93 3.72 0.31 0.92 2.39 0.38 0.84 398 1.27 0.00 1.00 1.03 0.15 0.86 1.60 0.09 0.94
43.7 4.18 0.27 0.94 4.00 0.33 0.92 2.64 0.41 0.85 437 1.26 0.00 1.00 0.95 0.14 0.86 1.44 0.08 0.94
47.9 4.42 0.27 0.94 4.20 0.35 0.92 2.85 0.43 0.85 479 1.21 0.00 1.00 0.88 0.12 0.86 1.32 0.08 0.94
52.5 4.59 0.26 0.94 4.35 0.37 0.92 3.06 0.45 0.85 525 1.13 0.00 1.00 0.80 0.11 0.86 1.22 0.07 0.94
57.5 4.67 0.25 0.95 4.41 0.38 0.92 3.23 0.46 0.86 575 1.02 0.00 1.00 0.72 0.10 0.86 1.14 0.07 0.94
63.1 4.68 0.24 0.95 4.42 0.38 0.91 3.37 0.47 0.86 631 0.86 0.00 1.00 0.63 0.09 0.86 1.09 0.07 0.93
69.2 4.61 0.22 0.95 4.36 0.38 0.91 3.50 0.46 0.87 692 0.71 0.00 1.00 0.53 0.08 0.85 1.04 0.08 0.93
75.9 4.47 0.20 0.95 4.25 0.38 0.91 3.58 0.45 0.87 759 0.53 0.00 1.00 0.43 0.07 0.85 1.01 0.08 0.92
83.2 4.28 0.19 0.96 4.11 0.37 0.91 3.64 0.44 0.88 832 0.25 0.00 1.00 0.33 0.05 0.84 0.98 0.08 0.92
91.2 4.02 0.17 0.96 3.92 0.37 0.91 3.68 0.42 0.89 912 0.12 0.00 1.00 0.22 0.04 0.82 0.93 0.09 0.91
100 3.74 0.16 0.96 3.72 0.36 0.90 3.71 0.39 0.89 1000 0.02 0.00 1.00 0.11 0.03 0.73 0.87 0.09 0.90
 Test is conclusive if:
◦ Highest difference between grade efficiencies is
<20%
◦ Average difference is <10%
 Efficiencies measured may be exempted, if
PSD <2% of total mass on inlet
 Sizes below 25.119 micron can be exempted,
due to <2% of total mass on inlet

TEST 1 TEST 2 TEST 3 TEST 1 TEST 2 TEST 3

Mass in band Effici Mass in band Effici Mass in band Effici Mass in band Effici Mass in band Effici Mass in band Effici
Size (%) ency (%) ency (%) ency Size (%) ency (%) ency (%) ency
under Outle per Outl per Outle per under Outle per Outl per Outle per
(um) t partic et partic t partic (um) t partic et partic t partic
Inlet Inlet Inlet Inlet Inlet Inlet
relati le relat le relati le relati le relat le relati le
ve size ive size ve size ve size ive size ve size
0.100 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na 1.10 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na
0.110 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na 1.20 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na
0.120 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na 1.32 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na
0.132 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na 1.45 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na
0.145 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na 1.59 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na
0.158 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na 1.74 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na
0.174 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na 1.91 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na
0.191 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na 2.09 0.00 0.01 na 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na
0.209 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na 2.29 0.00 0.01 na 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na
0.229 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na 2.51 0.00 0.01 na 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na
0.251 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na 2.75 0.00 0.01 na 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na
0.275 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na 3.02 0.00 0.01 na 0.00 0.01 na 0.00 0.00 na
0.302 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na 3.31 0.04 0.01 0.70 0.02 0.01 0.69 0.00 0.01 na
0.331 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na 3.63 0.05 0.01 0.73 0.05 0.01 0.85 0.01 0.01 0.36
0.363 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na 3.98 0.06 0.02 0.74 0.06 0.01 0.84 0.03 0.01 0.71
0.398 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na 4.37 0.07 0.02 0.75 0.07 0.01 0.85 0.04 0.01 0.76
0.437 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na 4.79 0.08 0.02 0.76 0.08 0.01 0.86 0.05 0.01 0.79
0.479 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na 5.25 0.09 0.02 0.76 0.08 0.01 0.84 0.05 0.01 0.76
0.525 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na 5.75 0.08 0.02 0.71 0.08 0.01 0.83 0.05 0.01 0.74
0.575 0.00 0.01 na 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na 6.31 0.08 0.02 0.69 0.07 0.01 0.81 0.05 0.01 0.72
0.631 0.00 0.01 na 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na 6.92 0.06 0.03 0.54 0.05 0.01 0.73 0.05 0.01 0.74
0.692 0.00 0.01 na 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na 7.59 0.03 0.03 0.00 0.02 0.01 0.33 0.02 0.01 0.36
0.759 0.00 0.01 na 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na 8.32 0.00 0.03 na 0.00 0.01 na 0.00 0.01 na
0.832 0.00 0.01 na 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na 9.12 0.00 0.04 na 0.00 0.01 na 0.00 0.01 na
0.912 0.00 0.01 na 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na 10.0 0.00 0.04 na 0.00 0.01 na 0.00 0.01 na
1.00 0.00 0.01 na 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na
 Sizes below 25.119 micron can be exempted,
due to <2% of total mass on inlet

TEST 1 TEST 2 TEST 3 TEST 1 TEST 2 TEST 3

Mass in band Mass in band Mass in band Mass in band Efficie Mass in band Efficie Mass in band Efficie
(%) Efficie (%) Efficie (%) Efficie (%) (%) (%)
Size Size ncy ncy ncy
ncy ncy ncy
under Outle under per Outl per per
Outlet per per Outlet per Outlet Outlet
(um) t (um) partic et partic partic
Inlet relativ particl Inlet particl Inlet relativ particl Inlet relativ Inlet Inlet relativ
relati le relati le le
e e size e size e e size e e
ve size ve size size

11.0 0.00 0.05 na 0.00 0.02 na 0.00 0.01 na 110 3.42 0.15 0.96 3.50 0.35 0.90 3.69 0.37 0.90
12.0 0.00 0.06 na 0.00 0.02 na 0.01 0.01 -0.39 120 3.09 0.14 0.96 3.27 0.33 0.90 3.66 0.34 0.91
13.2 0.00 0.07 na 0.03 0.03 0.10 0.06 0.02 0.70 132 2.76 0.13 0.95 3.04 0.32 0.89 3.61 0.32 0.91
14.5 0.11 0.08 0.28 0.14 0.04 0.75 0.11 0.03 0.76 145 2.44 0.12 0.95 2.81 0.31 0.89 3.53 0.29 0.92
15.8 0.26 0.09 0.64 0.29 0.05 0.84 0.19 0.04 0.79 158 2.14 0.11 0.95 2.58 0.29 0.89 3.43 0.27 0.92
17.4 0.45 0.11 0.75 0.49 0.06 0.87 0.30 0.06 0.81 174 1.87 0.11 0.94 2.36 0.28 0.88 3.29 0.24 0.93
19.1 0.70 0.13 0.81 0.74 0.08 0.89 0.44 0.08 0.82 191 1.65 0.10 0.94 2.15 0.26 0.88 3.14 0.22 0.93
20.9 1.01 0.15 0.85 1.05 0.11 0.90 0.61 0.11 0.82 209 1.47 0.09 0.94 1.95 0.25 0.87 2.97 0.20 0.93
22.9 1.37 0.17 0.87 1.40 0.13 0.90 0.82 0.14 0.83 229 1.34 0.08 0.94 1.76 0.23 0.87 2.78 0.18 0.94
25.1 1.77 0.20 0.89 1.79 0.16 0.91 1.05 0.18 0.83 251 1.26 0.07 0.94 1.59 0.21 0.87 2.57 0.16 0.94
27.5 2.20 0.22 0.90 2.20 0.19 0.91 1.30 0.22 0.83 275 1.22 0.06 0.95 1.45 0.20 0.86 2.37 0.14 0.94
30.2 2.65 0.23 0.91 2.61 0.23 0.91 1.57 0.26 0.83 302 1.22 0.04 0.96 1.32 0.18 0.86 2.16 0.12 0.94
33.1 3.08 0.25 0.92 3.02 0.26 0.92 1.85 0.30 0.84 331 1.23 0.02 0.98 1.20 0.17 0.86 1.95 0.11 0.94
36.3 3.49 0.26 0.93 3.39 0.28 0.92 2.12 0.34 0.84 363 1.26 0.01 0.99 1.11 0.16 0.86 1.76 0.10 0.94
39.8 3.86 0.27 0.93 3.72 0.31 0.92 2.39 0.38 0.84 398 1.27 0.00 1.00 1.03 0.15 0.86 1.60 0.09 0.94
43.7 4.18 0.27 0.94 4.00 0.33 0.92 2.64 0.41 0.85 437 1.26 0.00 1.00 0.95 0.14 0.86 1.44 0.08 0.94
47.9 4.42 0.27 0.94 4.20 0.35 0.92 2.85 0.43 0.85 479 1.21 0.00 1.00 0.88 0.12 0.86 1.32 0.08 0.94
52.5 4.59 0.26 0.94 4.35 0.37 0.92 3.06 0.45 0.85 525 1.13 0.00 1.00 0.80 0.11 0.86 1.22 0.07 0.94
57.5 4.67 0.25 0.95 4.41 0.38 0.92 3.23 0.46 0.86 575 1.02 0.00 1.00 0.72 0.10 0.86 1.14 0.07 0.94
63.1 4.68 0.24 0.95 4.42 0.38 0.91 3.37 0.47 0.86 631 0.86 0.00 1.00 0.63 0.09 0.86 1.09 0.07 0.93
69.2 4.61 0.22 0.95 4.36 0.38 0.91 3.50 0.46 0.87 692 0.71 0.00 1.00 0.53 0.08 0.85 1.04 0.08 0.93
75.9 4.47 0.20 0.95 4.25 0.38 0.91 3.58 0.45 0.87 759 0.53 0.00 1.00 0.43 0.07 0.85 1.01 0.08 0.92
83.2 4.28 0.19 0.96 4.11 0.37 0.91 3.64 0.44 0.88 832 0.25 0.00 1.00 0.33 0.05 0.84 0.98 0.08 0.92
91.2 4.02 0.17 0.96 3.92 0.37 0.91 3.68 0.42 0.89 912 0.12 0.00 1.00 0.22 0.04 0.82 0.93 0.09 0.91
100 3.74 0.16 0.96 3.72 0.36 0.90 3.71 0.39 0.89 1000 0.02 0.00 1.00 0.11 0.03 0.73 0.87 0.09 0.90
 Max.
Grade efficiency Diff
Test Test Test Average Test Test Test
Size under
(um) 1 2 3 Test 2-3 1-2 2-3 1-3
14.454 0.28 0.75 0.76 0.75 0.47 0.01 0.47
15.849 0.64 0.84 0.79 0.81 0.20 0.05 0.15
17.378 0.75 0.87 0.81 0.84 0.12 0.06 0.06
19.055 0.81 0.89 0.82 0.85 0.07 0.07 0.00
20.893 0.85 0.90 0.82 0.86 0.05 0.07 0.03
22.909 0.87 0.90 0.83 0.87 0.03 0.08 0.05
25.119 0.89 0.91 0.83 0.87 0.02 0.08 0.06
27.542 0.90 0.91 0.83 0.87 0.01 0.08 0.07
30.200 0.91 0.91 0.83 0.87 0.00 0.08 0.08
Accuracy test for full range and ranged 15.849 33.113 0.92 0.92 0.84 0.88 0.00 0.08 0.08
36.308 0.93 0.92 0.84 0.88 0.01 0.08 0.09
onwards:
39.811 0.93 0.92 0.84 0.88 0.01 0.07 0.09
43.652 0.94 0.92 0.85 0.88 0.02 0.07 0.09
47.863 0.94 0.92 0.85 0.88 0.02 0.07 0.09
Test Test Test Accepted 52.481 0.94 0.92 0.85 0.88 0.03 0.06 0.09
1-2 2-3 1-3 Criteria 57.544 0.95 0.92 0.86 0.89 0.03 0.06 0.09
63.096 0.95 0.91 0.86 0.89 0.04 0.05 0.09
max diff (Full range) 0.46632 0.59556 0.47457 <20% 69.183 0.95 0.91 0.87 0.89 0.04 0.04 0.08
avg diff (Full range) 0.09604 0.08135 0.07581 <10% 75.858 0.95 0.91 0.87 0.89 0.04 0.04 0.08
83.176 0.96 0.91 0.88 0.89 0.05 0.03 0.08
max diff (15.849 91.201 0.96 0.91 0.89 0.90 0.05 0.02 0.07
onwards) 0.27362 0.17274 0.10089 <20% 100.000 0.96 0.90 0.89 0.90 0.05 0.01 0.06
109.648 0.96 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.06 0.00 0.06
avg diff (15.849 120.226 0.96 0.90 0.91 0.90 0.06 0.01 0.05
onwards) 0.07867 0.06424 0.05731 <10% 131.826 0.95 0.89 0.91 0.90 0.06 0.02 0.04
144.544 0.95 0.89 0.92 0.90 0.06 0.03 0.03
158.489 0.95 0.89 0.92 0.90 0.06 0.04 0.03
173.780 0.94 0.88 0.93 0.90 0.06 0.04 0.02
Test 2 and 3 conclusive for size range 15.849 micron onwards.
190.546 0.94 0.88 0.93 0.90 0.06 0.05 0.01
Test 1 and 3 conclusive for size range 15.849 micron onwards. 208.930 0.94 0.87 0.93 0.90 0.06 0.06 0.00
229.087 0.94 0.87 0.94 0.90 0.07 0.07 0.00
Test 1 and 2 not conclusive (size 15.849 onwards) 251.189 0.94 0.87 0.94 0.90 0.08 0.07 0.01
275.423 0.95 0.86 0.94 0.90 0.09 0.08 0.01
301.995 0.96 0.86 0.94 0.90 0.10 0.08 0.02
331.131 0.98 0.86 0.94 0.90 0.13 0.09 0.04
363.078 0.99 0.86 0.94 0.90 0.14 0.09 0.05
398.107 1.00 0.86 0.94 0.90 0.14 0.09 0.05
436.516 1.00 0.86 0.94 0.90 0.14 0.09 0.06
478.630 1.00 0.86 0.94 0.90 0.14 0.08 0.06
524.807 1.00 0.86 0.94 0.90 0.14 0.08 0.06
575.440 1.00 0.86 0.94 0.90 0.14 0.08 0.06
630.957 1.00 0.86 0.93 0.89 0.14 0.08 0.07
691.831 1.00 0.85 0.93 0.89 0.15 0.07 0.07
758.578 1.00 0.85 0.92 0.88 0.15 0.07 0.08
831.764 1.00 0.84 0.92 0.88 0.16 0.07 0.08
912.011 1.00 0.82 0.91 0.86 0.18 0.09 0.09
1000.000 1.00 0.73 0.90 0.81 0.27 0.17 0.10
 Isokinetic sampling ratio
◦ Isokinetic ratio not within 90-110% are not
acceptable; test should be repeated
 Sampling not simultaneous
◦ Site conditions could make coordination difficult
 No visual/audible cues between the two teams (inlet
and outlet) due to obstacles, distance, noise
 If sampling temporarily stopped by one team, the other
team may not be aware
 Poor handling of dust samples
◦ Esp. during transferring of dust laden filter into
sealed container after finish sampling. Fine particles
could be loss due to spill;
 affecting gravimetric and particle size analysis
 Poor siting of sampling point
◦ Either at both inlet or/and outlet
 Porthole too close to disturbances
 MS1596 requires minimum 5 diameters from disturbance
 Flow not steady state (turbulence)
 Improper design of dust collector
◦ Dust collector not appropriately sized according to
emission conditions (P, T, gas compositions,
flowrate, moisture content)
 Mismatch of operating and design capacity
◦ Source emitting more than what dust collector is
designed to accept
 Too high dust load due
 Higher moisture content
 Non-steady state condition during sampling
◦ Source combustion not steady
 Varying velocity and gas density in chimney/ducting,
affecting accuracy of MS1596 isokinetic sampling
 Insufficient dust samples
◦ Not enough amount to determine particle size
distribution via laser diffraction
 Dust loss from poor handling of filter/thimble
 Prior arrangement with site operator
◦ Inform earlier on actual sampling date/time
◦ Site operator can plan ahead source emission
conditions for testing
 Operation must be steady state
 Minimize unplanned operating conditions
 Sudden fuel type change
 Sudden increase/decrease in load to prevent plant upset,
etc.
 Competent isokinetic sampling teams
◦ Important to maintain the 90-110% isokinetic
percentage ratio
◦ Careful handling of thimble/filter after sampling (to
avoid spill/loss)

 Competent coordinator
◦ Requires 1 person (not the test sampling team member)
◦ Skillfully coordinate both inlet and outlet team
 sometime need to improvise accordingly to overcome site
conditions (heat, noise, weather, barriers)
◦ Can record real time flue gas data without need to
disrupt isokinetic teams
 Competent designer
◦ Reputable contractor to design the dust collector to fit the
actual operating conditions
 Not copy paste design based on principal manufacturer
template
 Make sure the sampling porthole location suitable (minimum
5d from disturbance)
 Awareness of MS1596 requirement is vital
◦ Plant engineer must give useful data
 Wrong data given  mismatch of operating & design para.

 Competent APCS personnel

◦ Regular monitoring of dust collector performance
 Record pressure drop, inspect discharge hopper, fan motor
amperage, check for corrosion & leakage
Muhamad Khairul Najib bin Ahmad
03-62736013
mknajib@esm.com.my