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at Nanded:
AN EXAMINATION OF SUCCESSION THEORIES
GANDA SINGH
Some others
By the Same Author
ENGLISH
' Banda Singh Bahadar
Gurdwara Shahidganj, Lahore
Qazi Nur Mohd.'s langllamah
Guru Nanak
A Short History of the Sikhs
Khalsa College, Amrilsar
British Occupation of Panjab
Anglo-Sikh Wars, Pte. Corresp.
Bibliography of the Panjab
Bibliography of Pat. EPS Union
Conf. Papers of Akali Movement
Guru Arjun's Martyrdom
An Account of the Sikh People
PANIABI
Maharaja Kaura Mall Balzadur
Sardar Sham Singh Atariwala
Kukian di Vithyil
Sikh ltihas Wal
Sikh ltihas Bare
Panjdb dian Varai1
Sikh ltiktisik Yadgaran
Afghanistan dil safar
Panjab 1849 - 1960
Banda Singh BaMdur
Hukam-Name Guru Stihibtin
Sardar Jassa Singh Ahluwalia
Dr Bhai Jodh Singh
URDU AND PERSIAN
lnki!haf· i· H aqiqat
Mtikhiz·i.Tawarikh·j-Sikhtin
KuJliytit-Bhiii Nandltil Goya
Mukhtisar Nanak-Shahi lantri
GURU GOBIND SINGH'S DEATH
AT NANDED :
AN EXAMINATION OF SUCCESSION THEORIES
GANDA SINGH
1972
GURU NANAK FOUNDATION, BHATINDA DISTRICT,
FARIDKOT
Copyright
GANDA SINGH
First Published 1972
PUBLISHERS' NOTE
Published by Sardar Gurcharan Singh, M.A., PES (J) , for the Guru Nanak
Foundation, Bhatinda District, Faridkot, and primed by J.R. Mangla
at the PhulkiQlj Press, Phulkian Marg, Patiala.
PREFACE
was changed into olive green for use in the greenish jungles.
It was also under similar circumstances and for a
similar purpose in an exigency of war that Guru Gobind Singh,
after his successful escape from the siege of Chamkaur, accept-
ed the shelter of Ghani Khan and Nabi Khan, the Pathan
brothers of Machhiwara, and adopted, in response to their
request, the blue dress of the venerable Pir of Uch. It was
a part of tactics in an emergency during his war with Wazir
Khan, the faujdtir of Sirhind. It was a temporary precaution
for his safety in tipat-ktil-time of adversity-as an old authority
put it. And there was nothing wrong or derogatory in it.
As soon as he was out of the reach of his pursuers, he cast
his blue dress away and was up and doing again in rallying
his scattered followers and fighting the battle of Muktsar.
The Guru knew no despondency and did not give way
to frustration even under the most adverse circumstances. He
lost not his heart at the deaths of his four young sons and his
aged mother. Two of his sons he had himself sent into
the field of battle at Chamkaur. He heard the news of the
cold-blooded murder of his younger sons at Sirhind with
complete resignation to the Will of God. His letter addressed
to Emperor Aurangzeb from Dina, populary known as the
Zajar Ntimtih or Epistle of Victory, evidently in reply to one
from ,the Emperor, speaks -through its style and content-
volumes for the undisturbed and ever calm state of his mind.
With the cessation of war, evidently, under royal orders,
Guru Gobind Singh again engaged himself in literary pursuits
and completed and edited the Sikh holy book at Talwandi
Sabo, now known as Damdama Sahib, in the Bhatinda
district.
2. HIS LAST DA YS
Forgetful of the long standing animosity and continued
persecution by the Mughal emperors, the Guru favourably
responded to the invitation of Aurangezeb for a meeting and
set out for the Deccan where the Emperor then lay encamped,
But the Emperor died on February 20, 1707, while the Guru
was on his way to the south. He received the news near
12 AN EXAMINATION OF SUCCESSION THEORIES
t For the fact that Bairtigi Madho Das was formally baptized as a
Singh by Guru Gobind Singh at Nanded in September 1708, see Ganda
Singh's Banda Singh Bahadur (English, 1935), pp. 15-19; (Panjabi, 1964)
19-21 ; the Sikh Review, April 1961.
GURU GOBIND SINGH'S DEATH AT NANDED 23
ived from the Sikhs who had returned from Nanded and had
been eye-witpesses to what they had related to Sainapat. As
far as we can see, the purity of his account, though brief in
many places, is not m:udqied with the mixture of imaginary
myths introduced later into the life of the Guru, beginning
with the Gur-bitas PatshahZ Das by Koer Singh, written in
1751, forty-three ye~lfs after the death of the Guru.
. Mentioning the deatp of the Guru (xvm-34-37) with-
out any poetical embellishment, the Sri Gur Sobha tells us that
a day befor~ the event the Guru had, in reply to a question of
the Sikhs, said that he "had bestowed his physical form upon
the Khalsa~bakhsh deeo Khalis ko jama (xvlII-41)-and that
the Limitless and the Eternal Word was the Satguru- Satguru
hamara apar apara Shabad bichara ajar-jaran (xvIIl-43). This
was Guru Gobind Singh's last message and his final comm-
andment saying in unmistakable langua~e and clear words
that he was not appointing any particular individual as the
succeeding Guru and that the Khalsa under the gui~ance of
the Divine Word - the Gur-bani - was to be the future phy-
sical and spiritual representative of the Guru. [Appendix II.)
This has since become the accepted creed of the Sikhs
as inculcated by Bhai Nandlal in his Rahit Nama or the Rules
of Conduct. Bhai Nandlal, as history knows, was a devoted
Sikh of Guru Gobind Singh and had stayed with him for some
time at Anandpur. According to the Amar Nama", line 42,
Bhai Nandlal was present in the Emperor's camp at Nanded as
one of his ministers during the Guru's stay there. He was a
distinguished scholar of Persian and Panjabi and, out of his
ten works known to us, eight - five in Persian and three in
Panjabi - are commentaries on Sikh life and teachings. One
of them, the Rahit-nama, which is written in the form of a
dialogue between the Guru and the Bhai, lays down the rules
for Sikh conduct. Therein, as. already mentioned in one of the
previous paragraphs, the Guru had told Bhai Nandlal that, in
add,ition to his soul being a part of the Invisible Divine Soul
(- Nirgun sarup-) , his two other forms were the Granth
- mera rup Granth ji jan-embodying the Gur-bani, and the
24 AN EXAMINATION OF SUCCESSION THEORIES
Sikhs (the Kltalsri) deeply absorbed in it. This not only clari-
fies but also supports the Guru's last message and command-
ment to the Khalsa mentioned in the Srz Gur Sobha.
The Gur-bi/as Chhevin PatshaM leaves no doubt about
the recognition by the Sikhs of the Guruship of Guru Granth
Sahib after the death of Guru Gobind Singh. The Gur-bilas
was begun by its author, poet Sohan, in May 1717 and was
completed on July 22, 1718 (Sawan 22, Sudi 5, 1775 Bikrami),
within ten years of the Guru's death. Its fourth chapter is
devoted to the compilation of the holy book by Guru Arjun
and the first twelve verses of the fifth chapter to its formal
installation in the Darbar Sahib, Amritsar. Therein the author
has invariably used the then accepted prefix Guru to the Granth
and has called it the Guru Granth. The following verses of
chapter IV are very significant indeed :
HH ~orlH1 Ra ~1 ~ Rf~ aT~ focn:ro I
0I.1:I 0Jg ffif HTCil§ ~t (iT '&~ fl:lWcr II 409 II
<!!g -ala cmi!OT ~ Ff1 <!!2 2U R}fTCi I
~R U'3BrtiP;{t gtJ feu ~ altt ~1 tro" 4 I 2 "
q{2 BaR fw Bt(iT Ff1 -ala ~aRTfl= I
W3 e«rf5 oro R BJ 1..(#
-
am
HCi wfB' II 413 II
'\ , I ' "
his last days and death at Nanded in the Deccan in 1708 (Guru
Siihib Daswen Pii/shiih ji ke JOlt jot Samiiwane kii Prasang) and of
the first battle of the Sikhs at Amritsar with the Mughal forces
of Lahore in 1709 (Viir Amritsar kl) during the governorship
of Aslam Khan : Copies of the first two manuscripts are also
available in the Amri/ Gulka preserved in the Panjab State
Archives, Patiala. According to the Guru Sahib Daswen
patsahah ji ke Jot; jot Sarnawane ka Prasang, which is based
on the information received from the companions of the Guru
himself - Hazilr ke khiis Sikhiin di rasnii theen - ,the Guru
before his death, told the Sikhs that he was not appointing
anyone to succeed him as Guru, that he was entrusting them to
Sri Siihib and the Sabda, the Great Word, as given in the Granth
Siihib which should be accepted by them all. [Appendix IIf.}
The Parehian Sewii Das, according to the date menti-
oned in the manuscript preserved in the Panjab University,
Lahore, was written in 1798 Bikrami, 1741 A.D., while the
manuscript in the Central State Library Patiala, bears 1896
Bikrami, -1839 A.D., as the date of its transcription. Sewa Das
was an Udasi Sadhu. Writing in the style of a mystic, he
tells us that the Guru had his funeral pyre prepared under his
own supervision. He mounted it fully dressed and armed, sat
on it cross-legged and that his light blended with the Divine
Light - jotf meh jot samane. Heaps of flowers and scent were
then showered on the pyre. After pouring plenty of ghee
thereon, the pyre was set alight-bahur baisan/ar lagiiyii dryii .
The Sikhs standing there started crying loudly. Several of
them tried to jump into the flaming pyre, but they were not
allowed to do so. When the pyre was all reduced to ashes,
they found no trace of the dead body or of the Guru's arms.
"All then So thought that the Guru BiiM .had gone (to heaven)
bodily." [Appendix IV.}
It is here for the firs t time, thirty-three years after the
death and cremation of the Guru, that a suggestion has been
made by a mystical minded Sadha of the Guru having ascend-
ed to heaven bodily. This is only a reflection of the think-
ing of an ultra-devotional mind of an] ascetic fed on the
26 AN EXAMINATION o.F SUCCESSION THEORIES
Bikrami, 1834 A.D. The Suraj Prakash deals with the lives
of tne Sikh Gurus and may be classed as hagiological litera-
ture wherein lives and legends are so closely interwoven that
they canpot be easily separated. And therein lies the beauty
of the art of poetry where prominence is given to imagination
and personal idiosyncrasy and not to impartial transcription
of historical realities. History is the faithful record of events
as they actually took place. It has no place for legends and
myths which figure so prominently in the Suraj Prakash. They
are mostly borrowed from earlier. hagiographs and freely
expanded by Bhai Santokh Singh with his embellishments in
which he hardly has a parallel in the Braj poetry. As such,
his account of the last days of Guru Gobind Singh cannot be
accepted as truly historical in ~all its details.
Some time before his death, Guru Gobind Singh is
said to have declared that he had transferred his Light to the
Khalsa-that the Guru was Khiilsa and the Khalsa was the
Guru. The Guru, fully dressed and armed, then walked to the
place of cremation and mounted the pyre. But the flaming
fire did not touch '.his body. He then, like the supernatural
yogis of old, produced fire (Yog-agnfj from within himself and
set out for heaven where he was welcomed and received by all
the ancient Hindu gods. This happened, says the poet,
on Katik Sud! 5, 1765 Bikrami, October 6-7, 1708 A.D. .
After the departure of the Guru for heaven, the great
poet also narrates the stories of his having been. seen in the
neighbouring jungle by a wood~cutter and a sadhu. In doing
so he bas only repeated' the legends of the earlier writers like
Koer Singh and Sukha Singh.
It will be interesting to note here that, unlike, all other
writers on the subject, the author of the Sliraj Prakiish men-
tions the installation of the Holy Bo<Jk, the Guru Granth Sahib,
as Guru during the last days of Guru Har Krishan as also
of the BaM of Bakala. [Riis 10, Ansu 51, No. 26-29; Ansu 55,
No. 20-23.]
MunsbiSant Singh, a vakil of the Bedis, wrote an
account of the Bedi family of Una under the title of the
36 AN EXAMINATION OF SUCCE.S SION THEORIES
death, of his being the tenth and the last Guru of the Sikhs
and of his declaration and commandment regarding Guru
Granth Siihib being the Guru after him. We would, therefore,
quote here only the relevant passages from their works without
going into any particulars about them, following only the
~hronological order of their J?ublications.
Malcolm, Lt.-Col. , Sketch of the Sikhs, London, 1812.
Guru Govind was the last acknowledged religious ruler of
the Sikhs. A prophecy had limited their spiritual guides to
the number of ten ... [p.76].
This sect, as has been before stated, have never admitted a
spiritual leader since the death of Guru Govind [po 89J.
Osborne, W. G., The Court and Camp of Rimjeet Singh,
London, 1840.
The tenth and the last of 1heir spiritual leaders w~s called
Gooro Govind, whose plans of ambition were different from
th06e of his predecessor Nanak [po xiv].
... We accordingly set the old Faqueer Uzeez-oodeen to work
with him, and much to our satisfaction heard, in the course
of the evening, that on his mentioning our wishes to the
Maharajah, he had consulted the Gran/h, or sacre4 volume
of the Sikhs, and that, as the oracle was propitious, we might
be prepared to set off for Lahore in four days' time [po 12].
Runjeet Singh rarely undertakes any expedition of import-
ance without consulting this holy book ... [p. 122].
The History of the Sikhs, 1846 (Calcutta).
Guru Goving was the last acknowledged religious ruler of
the Sikhs. A prophecy had limited their spiritual guides t(l
the number of ten ... [p. 86] .
This sect, as has been before stated have never admitted a spiri-
tual leader since the death of Guru Oovind [po 92].
M'Gregor, W. L, The History of the Sikhs, London,
.1846, vol. I.
The wound was sewed up, and, to all appearance, healing, but
Govind ·was determined to die. He called for a strong bow, which
he bent with all his force, and in doing so the stitcl:es of his
wound gave way, his bowels again protruded, and he died almost
immediately [po 100].
This event occurred in the year of the Hijera 1132, Samwat 1765.
and A . D. 1708, at the city of Nadshur [Nanded), in the reign of
Buhadoor Sha~ [po 100].
48 AN EXAMINATION OF SUCCESSION THEORIES
Aware that since the death of his brave sons there was none
among his adherents capable of following up his views and con-
quests, he fixed upon a Byragee fukeer, named Bunda, who became
his successor, though not as Gooroo. That title died with Gobind
Singh, the tenth and last [po 104J.
Cunningham, J. D., History of SIkhs, 1849.
The expiring Gooroo was childless, and the assembled disciples
asked in sorrow who should inspire them with truth and lead
them to victory when he was no more Govind bade them be of
good cheer; the appointed Ten had indeed fulfilled their mission,
but he was about to deliver the Khalsa to God, the never-dying.
"He who lNishes to behold the Gooroo, let him search the Granth
of Nanak. The Gooroo will dwell with the Khalsa: be firm and
faithful; wherever five Sikhs are gathered together. there will I
also be present [po 88J.
Gobind was killed in 1708 at Nuderh on the banks of the
Godavery [pp. 88-89] .
Bowering, Lewin B., Eastern Experiences, 1872.
The cruel massacre at Sirhind of two of the sons of Guru
Govind Singh, the tenth and the last teacher, who, before he
died in the Dekkan of a broken heart, inflamed the minds of
his followers to a determined and prolonged resistance to the
Moghal rule lp . 273] .
.. . With him terminated the succession of the Sikh priests,
but the warlike qualities which he implanted in the breasts of
his followers continued to flourish [po 320J.
Trumpp, Ernest, The Ad; Granth, '1877.
The Guru felt that his dissolution was near at hand, and
ordered his Sikhs to keep ready wood [for cremation] and
shroud. Having done so they all joined their hands and asked
"0 true Guru, whom will you seat, for the sake of our welfare,
on the throne of the Guruship ?" He answered : "As the ~ine
Kings before me were at the time of their death seating another
Guru on their throne. so shall I now not do. I have entrusted
the whole society (of the disciples) to the bosom of the timeless,
divine male. After me you shall everywhere mind the book of
the Granth-Sahib as your Guru; whatever you shall ask, it will
show to you. Whoever be my disciple, he shall consider the
Granth as the form of the Guru .
.. . Having uttered these verses he closed his eyes and expired
A.D. 1708 [pp. xcv-xcvi].
The last important writer of the nineteenth century on
the history of the Panjab in English is Syed Muhammad Latif,
GURU GOBIND SINGH'S DEATH AT NANDED 49
of the Panjab Judicial Service. His well known book the History
of the Panjab was published in 1891 and is still one of the
best books on the subject. Some time before the death of
Guru Gobind Singh when Sikhs asked him as to who would
be Guru after him, the dying apostolic hero, according to
Syed Muhammad Latif, told them:
"I entrust my Khalsa to the bosom c f the ever-lasting divine
being. Whoever wishes to behold the Guru, let him offer
karah parshad worth Re 1-4 or less, and bow before the Granth
and open it. and he shall be given an interview with the Guru . .
The Granth shall support you under all your troubles
and adversities in this world, and be a sure guide to you here-
after. The Guru shall dwell with the society of disciples, the
Khalsa, and wherever there shall be five Sikhs gathered
together. there shall the Guru be also present." The Guru
also gave them sundry warnings, telling them that there were
impostors in the world who would try to dissuade them
from the right path. but that his disciples should be on their
guard against them and give no ear to what they say. They
must have belief in One God and look on the Granth as His
inspired Jaw .... He then closed his eyes and began to pray, and
expired in the performance of his devotions [po 269].
Of the writers of the twentieth century, we would refer
only to M.A. Macauliffe, whose book The Sikh Religion, in
six volumes published in 1909, was begun in the eighties of
the nineteenth century and is considered to be a very useful
work on the lives of the Gurus and of the Bhaktas whose
hymns are incorporated in the Guru Granth Sahib. In the
compilation of this work, Macauliffe was assisted by a
number of \VeIl known Sikh scholars of his time like Bhai
Hazara Singh, Bhai Sardul Singh, Bhai Dit Singh, and Bha
Kahan Singh of Nabha who was closely associated with it
up to the last stage of its publication at Oxford in England.
The views expressed in The Sikh Religion, therefore, represent
the views and beliefs not only of the orthodox section of the
Sikh community but also of their reformist intelligentsia in the
twentieth century. Writing about the last commandDlents
and the death of Guru Gobind Singh, he says:
When the Sikhs came again to take their last farewell of the
50 AN EXAMINATION OF SUCCESSION THEORIES
-it is not the peers who fly, it is the murids or their followers
who make them fly.
)A AN EXAMINATION OF SUCCESSION THEORIES
Ajapal Singh himself just before his death in A.D. 1812, the
question of the appointment of anyone else, including Bhai
Balak Singh, as the successor of Baba Ajapal Singh does not
arise. This knocks out all ground from under the story put
up by ~he Namdharis and reduces it to nothing more than
fiction.
We have available to us the Pothi Sardhii Puran BhiH
Balak Ii ki Siharfi written and published by one of his devoted
disciples, Bhai Shauqa Ram, in 1869 (completed on Bhadon
Sudi 15, Puran-mashi, 1926 Bikrami, September 20,
1869), within seven years of the death of the saint on
December 2, 1862. It was also later on published by Sardar
Shamsher Singh Ashok in the Panj Darya, Jullundur, for
October 1957. With all his overflowing devotion for his
worshipful master, Shauqa Ram, throughout the Pothi,
remembers Baba Balak Singh as Bhiii or Bhiii Sahib. With
the same respectful word, he mentions Baba Ram Singh
Namdhari who is recorded therein to have met at Wazirabad,
on the bank of the river Chenab, the procession of the ashes of
Bhai Balak Singh being taken to the Ganges at Hardwar.
It is apparent, therefor e, that the use of the word Guru for Bhai
Balak Singh or for Bhai Ram Singh had not yet been intro-
duced into the Jagiasi-Abhyasi or Namdhari followers of
these saints. It came later and was, evidently, an innovation
unauthorized by Bhai Balak Singh.
The story of Guru Gobind Singh having blessed Baba
Balak Singh and through him, Baba Ram Singh, with Guruship
is as baseless and historically as incorrect and untenable as
the suggestion of Baba Ajapal Singh of Nabha being Guru
Gobind Singh having lived for one hundred and four years
after his death at Nanded in October 1708. There is no
evidence of any of the two having ever met Bhai Balak Singh.
The notes of Bhagat Lakshman Singh published in the
Jiwan Prm for August 1961 and his Autobiography (pp.3-6),
referred to above [Appendix XVI], and" the article of
Sardar Narotam Singh, Barrister-at- Law, Abbotabad, published
in the Khalsa Samiichiir, Amritsar, for August 1, 1940, and
GURU GOBIND SINGH'S DEATH AT NANDED 59
What have 1 to say? This has been said in the Guru Granth
Sahib throughout. Man's is only to beg. The granter is
the Guru ...
.. . 1 am like a watchman (barwalaj. The raptiii (the village
watchman. a reporter) is not an important person ... Cheta Vadi
year 1931 [March, 1874] .. ,. (4)
... What I write is the order of the Guru. I am not the Guru.
I am like a raptiii (a village reporter, watchman). Whosoever
shall obey shall be happy ... Chetra Vadi 2, 1931 [March 5,
1874] ... (10)
...The order of the previous ones is also the same that AII-
powerful have been the Ten Gurus. I also proclaim their
commandments. I am not the Guru ... (5)
... Jwala Dei, you should be busy with meditation night and
day and lecite the Guru Granth Sahib always .... (17)
... 1 do not have anything of the Guruship in me, not even as
much as a hair .... (20)
.. .Do not write any letter to Dalip Singh. He h2s eaten beef.
What can he do for us ? Apply to th'e Guru. Why apply to
anyone else ?
... If I had any (hidden) power, why should I myself have
been put in prison .... All powers are in the divine Name and in
the Guru. So meditate on Him. The Guru of Gurus is the Guru
Granth Siihib. Wherever anyone will recognize the Word-Guru,
there shall come all goodness. Know this to be true (18) •
... 1 have no desire to become Guru, nor I am the Guru. I am
only a Hukmi-banda (an obeying man). People have unneces-
sarily raised opposition to me .... (21)
. .. 1 am not the Guru. I am like a raptiii (a village watchman) .
.. . Again and again pray to the Guru: "0 Guru, have your
command obeyed which you have recorded in the Guru Granth
Stihi~." (p. 25)
... See the ways of the Lord Creator and what he brings about .
... The Guru Granth Sahib . alone is to be recognized as the
visible body of the Gurus. 'The Sikh who wishes to meet me
(says Guru Gobind Singh) should seek me therein'. The Guru
has also written: "The Word is the Guru, the Guru is the Word.
In the Word are all elixirs. Whatever the Word commands,
disciple should obey, and verily the Guru will emancipate
him." ... (46)
.. . 1 am not the Guru. I am only a dog at the gate of the
Guru. I also pray all the eight pahar (night and day) : "0 Guru,
I am under Thy protection. Save me from unbelief (be-mukhi).
Pray save me from faithlessness and self-conceitedness (be-sidqi,
62 AN EXAMINATION OF SUCCESSION THEORIES
to quietly remove it from the stable when the Sikhs were all
coIl ected in a mournful mood at the cremation place.
But Bhai Kahan Singh, the writer of the artic~e, was
not himself convinced of the truthfulness of the belief of the
nikat-varti people of Baba Ajapal Singh. After referring to
a couple of conjectures of the nikat-vartis, he says: "I have
not formed any conclusive opinion on this subject." This
clearly means that he was in doubt about the correctness of
the story. That is why he mentions the remaining part of
the story with a big 'If', saying: I give a summary of the
account as noted down from my father's narration, without
entering into its refutation or support--khandan mandan."
[Phulwari, April 1927, p. 461.] Not only this. According to
Bhai Kahan Singh, the story of Baba Ajapal Singh's alleged
stay at Jind and Patiala is also unsubstantiated and unaccept-
able as there is no evidence or tonvincting proof available to
support it-1.{o ~E1 ft!~ »rEl~T ~"81 ~lH? ~Hle fER ~1 'jEe1 <1"81 0<11'
fH<I~l-[Phulwari, April 1927, p. 462.]
Bhai Kahan Singh's own belief in this respect is also
available to us in his Gurmat Sudhakar published in 1912
wherein he says that Baba Ajapal Singh had received Amrit,
the baptism of a Singh, from Guru Gobind Singh and had
spent greater part of his life living with him - ~T'aT ))It!l1.{~
f'BUI fit?;; {5 O1<1aJ11<o H~l}n 3' lli'-fH3 '5f011l11 ))j3 @HCl ~1 ~aT fDRT \l'aH f\.r31
u - -
ol~ (lfu a f~3111lT I [Kala vii-29, p. 217,Appendix XIV (b).]
From the statements of Bhai Kahan Singh, it is clear
that Baba Ajapal Singh could not have been Guru Gobind
Singh himself.
14. NEO-GURUSHIP DOCTRINE UNTENABLE
Not only this. Bhai Kahan Singh's father, Bhai Narain
Singh, who was the only source of information about Baba
Ajapal Singh, had told him that Baba Ajapal Singh always
referred to his Guru in the third person as 'Guru Singh Ji' and
thereby meant the Tenth Guru Gobind Singh (Dasmesh) ,
occasjonally saying, "This is the order of Guru Singh ji",
"Guru Singh ji has ordered this", "Guru Singh ji will chastise
the evil self-willed. He who will adopt the discipline of Guru
GURU GOBIND SINGH'S DEATH AT NANDED 67
with Guruship,
(iii) Baba Ajapal Singh was not Guru Gobind Singh but
a Sikh of his,
(iv) Baba Ajapal Singh never told his life-story to
anyone,
(v) nobody knew anything about the identity of Baba
Ajapal Singh or of the five Singhs closest to him, and
that
(vi) there is no evidence or proof of Baba Ajapal
Singh having at any time visited or lived at Jind,
Patiala or Hazro.
72 AN EXAMINATION OF SUCCESSION THEORIES
APPENDIX I
crfu33THT, ~1 i>B BTC5, 9Et:4-9.99:( (;1,
111 ora
-=
~~
i!~
310 -gtf ~~ Rfu ~ 1]3 i>B f~ · (:3Tf(; I
f~ RdQIG qrcr Rl:Tt ~~ Ol~~ afu RHflTf(; /I
~
~Ol -gtf f3U qrc; 3 tfij 1 013 013 foo fOdlH ~ij I•••
UR' UR' fal;fll./Cl' >ri3o ;:r1H1 1 ~a af~ f~~ 1m UR' 6'101 1
~RO ~ l.[ ol~ ;:r1 ;:rTG 1 tto~ lif"or ifij qa)-(To I •••
1=i fRCf ora - BCillO' 0/'1 wfu 1 toRo ~ ore
;:r1 l;fTfu 1
~
- aBo ~
1=i lf5' - cit wf(; 1 or~;:r1
....
tS"'-R~ fu3 5 Tf(; 1
Har -gtf ol~ ;:r1 ;:rTG 1 fuR If ~ o<Jr ~ }{TO 1
31RO -gtf fRCf ~ Ha 1 qrcraTG1 a3 f;:ru fm ~ I
APPENDIX II
111 gICJ HsT, 0l~1 Rorllf3, CDEI:: fa., '1.9'1.9 (;1,
l.J.OlTH3 tf;:rra1 ~01?dfRC1, l.J'fclW(:3T, HO 9t:E.9 (;T.
[tfor q :(.9-:(1:: ]
~;:ro'
~o qcrl 3l~1 HH»ftfTo I ;::p(jf fFfUf
~~g. ;:rl otT:63 -qul '>;(3 Ofl aro II 34 /I 799 /I
Bfo R~H fmn1 ore llif3 sf~ Wi ~f~ I
Ho Ofl Hn ~l H ~1 ~51 W3 0 -&f~ II 35 /I 800 "
R~till
~mr'
.
~.... .!i:It, . _
.
ft
~t.rel
Bq fB~ qroo 3 »frill I fHfc:5 ~ fRUf ~55 Will I
CRo ~tf »fTtJ<5 1{~ otT~ I 83 ~ B»fra Wf3 fe;:r Bl~" 40 /I 805 "
3~ F!H mo ~ Bor~ I l::fTBFl »fU~ gU a31~ I
CfTc:5R' ;:rl H ~ HH OfT}{T I acJF.f Bl{? CfTBFl -& tITHT " 41 /I 806 "
~mrr
CfTC?HT Hii l;U ~ .~ cfTBH ~ 1.fTfFl "
»fTfB »8 ~1 Ba ~ l:jT'c5H H 1{<JlTR' II 42 /I 807 II
8C!o ~
l:jTR' ~ ReT tIT ~ f<JOB soH 0 Bel I
I::ITffii
soH ~l:j -a o~ fonfTClT H CfT~R' Flf3O]g ;:rHTCJT I
Hf3ijJ~ ;:rl:fTOT >litlCJ »fllTOT mrft! f~ >lftIO tIa I
fucrB ufo fU»fT()l ~~1 arol tlB fooarol >if1.IO ua ... /I 43 /I 808 II
GURU GOBIND SINGH'S DEATH AT NAND ED 81
APPENDIX III
ora
-=
F1Tf~~ tH~ l..fT3BT~ ;:rl '& fu'1 ;':lf3 HH~~ BT
tfFraT
...
[tii ~E-~.?]
APPENDIX IV
tfCfBl>(ft H~ tTH, Bl:fciI" R~r BTI1 €tBTFfl, ~0fTB0/' 9181 f~TdT,
tftf~, t.rfc>,.frw, ~tE~.
[tf3 ~t~-~t~]
.• ~a qrg tfTlfrc;orl »'{11~ro iif~ orfo oB3 ».{Tf~ t«f~ I
~ 0dT0 orr orH oB3 9T orfu ~C?T~ (Jf(J I >HO »'{~B' 0dT0
9T orfu ~8T~ (Jf(J I ~o~ BI1 ~ I tf~ €t<.JT qrg tfltfrf~ ~~ 3tJ
~0!1:! ~l1iT 9~1 (JH ~T(JT (Jl ROTa im~r ~ I fw m
0dT0 J-Kl'T
lJol3 U031 ~ I ~T -&<.JT 30r fw OdTa iif~ ~T3T ~ I ~l(JT
82 AN EXAMINATION OF SUCCESSION THEORIES
OlE I "tJTfe wer ~~fer ~l HTfer fu5 I l){"2 iff3 Hf~ ii3 H~ I
~fer CfTHR ~trfu Beo ~Tfel){T I ~~ ~rfe>iiT I ~fa ~er l).{O
fu:ro ~fel){T
'"
I R9' <Jl fBCfT €rufer
::::
I ~Rr l1Oa3... ;:rl~- 68~
= -
Ci'1
~ crcrl I g8t] ~ l).{O .fur~ ~ "fura <Jfe OlE I ~er a~3 fU{3
~BW11T I a<1~ mBa 'BOiTfel){T Bll){T I ;:ra m:r30 BOiTfEl).fT 3a
HlQCf if lS ~E ~ ~ R9 <:11 g:t:!o ~ Brat I "2·t:!0 Ci'1 qfo
~o I tm a;n BloW qfo ~fo I ~f3l){T fRCfT ful:fT Hf~ ~ <it
falWerl <itol I tm liRel fRCf 3ccl <JE t:S3 I ~. 3 fmfr Hf~
f~ Ci'~ ~~ 0 Bll){T I ;:re ful:fT ;:r8 em miH <Jfe, .3a 0 ~~
U3T ROler q'T foqfRl){T , 0 ~~ l/3T HR~ qr foWRl){T I RS' f01R
ft!~ ;:rr[('»)/T if CHg' waT ~ ~<J ~B'3T erf<Jl){T ;] I
GURU GOBIND SINGH'S DEATH AT NANDE~ 83
APPENDIX V
qJafap')TR UT3BT~l ~, ,&f~ Hfur, 9.tot fa., 9..?Ll9. ~l
l{C0B ti;:rral ~1~AC1, Ufc»rBT, 'ltEt ~1.
[U"oT ~t9.1
-eva'
"D- w# qro! WP>f, fRCfo '& »ff~ I
'& »f~trcJ 14 BT~l~,"5 qro tHo t"lJJTB II 34 II 60 II
H fotr al] W m-r "& ('iT<Jl I l£Cm FfJ qrer oroO/' l}fTtJl I
lf~
: ;: -. OTOO/' B?T I alS T aB ROlf
Rl. . . oro = 0 ~?T II 94 II
+
-..
BR ».f~TO QTlf3' <J trif<J I O/' - B of<J lfQT-ZOlT
.. lffo
- 3'Tf<J I
{flfo>lfTEl O/'T of<J l>fa We;' I f3'BO/' 0 B~f<JOl fem ~TB II 96 II
FfOtI B fJarf3' (:fTBR HT(') I F[T ».ffR~3' aiB H 'fPo I
~ ~fB mR' W ~lf I ;:j Hr5 R fAW »1Cilf II 97 II
BORO oro - W ~ R~TO I RT cii~ trl RTfu-~ }/To I
~ ~
[tfi :(te-t.?]
lJoa errg H BBo B qO, fRCf BerroT ~T fHB »1T~ I
lfTB ·ffiJll R ~o "& »1f3, BBo c; fBO/' io U'CfTB I
3<J erl l{?Toarl >}flt[ BE'l, »1f3R crcr fRei ftr3 TB aoTB I
>}fllf ROTo ~ R<J ~o, ~HOl ~H lfi lff<Ja1B II 55 II 124 II
i:'t!
0lc:50l1 fffiW l/C ~ ~3, R~ fa<J~j1 I
Riu ~lJO 0/').fCf Rer U'O, wa WfB fa'3T~T I
3 TRH HtrBR oTfE' ~l, erer ;:j~ fJarf3 Rf<J ~ I
3T RH 3"0 f~rar ~ trrf<J i1 t[ Vcr3 qro O"B I
w ~f3 Rarf3 "& fEl~B vcr ao
~T I
GURU GOBIND SINGH'S DEATH AT NANDED 85
dfu C('TH H fFJ"Uf »fOt!TH C('1(1)1, "Rtf wu tH, Hg FJrfu1:i "il -e~1 I
Wtf f~or ~ t=lr5 Ml, <1C<'H ~ C('T ffi1 ~~11
f~"il >J.!C(' f~q ~"q trc!ti~ ~, dTfu ~ S(1) fHCTfE ~~1 r"
tiffu slfd ;:r <1C<'H ~tIo IHroTtifT BET, ~T3 R HTo ~ RIR B~l
" 57 1/ 126 II
t:i!fu sif3 Uflo?) drf~ »fTOTW BET, "Frill (1)ul;mor;:ror lfij I
t:iJT fH~ ;:r >J.fcrr f~or tI"Tt, R<Jl o~ C('TE ~ RTH 3a- I
Hu 3 liiBt! ~ WH t!1~ ~\ ~T3 ci HTorlf ~~ ~~ I
dTf~ H 11lf~ 1..!!o ~~' ;:ra, alio ~ 011 ~ ~€r" II 58 II 127 II
~;:roT
3T cl'1 ~i5T Hs <1IO 1:!a , tiF tio fOffilT ~ Hs ~ij " 136 "
(iff ftlfo !:fJ far€r~ fHo otifTE1, CRf »fOETH l{H '13 WEl ,
BT}f >l-£ii3' ~ ;:{ CIEl'al, Hrc5 'lE'1 oll:f ~ l'liTtfl" 137 "
[tm :(t:t:-t:t]
Hfu fliE ~ lffTU l:! Wi) OT-R, O1uti ~ RBu ofu R01 m-R I
H }lif3' 3 c1 ~'21, fB3' 3~rill, 1d* {l'OH c1 uro ofu ()TH Blil I
f.ilfu g1.( R~T 01~ ~ ur~, >lfR 310 u1 ~ar ~ aTq aroll"
UdH R'T 5 ~ alt!' ~tfJll';fT 011, Mur BfI~ R~T 01a- l:!Cf liTo1
II 69 II 145 II
APPENDIX VI
fu:Jr~ oT}-fT, 9T'2l ~Rd Mur fiiracr, FrH3' qt~E fa.,
R'O <t.9.9t '21.
-e~t.re1 I
trTij Bar aTar oT(')01 BR' t{TH ufo l';fTf~l';fT I
Bar Bar f~tr arar oT(')Oi' o1fil~ ffiur .~ arrf~l';fT I
R qfg o1ffi~ mw
tl1 HORT ~ urol I
3tll~ floTg faT:JT3'T B1 fF.iCfl 0 era1 II (634)
APPENDIX VII
Hf~HT tt-a-TB, Rgtl tTR iw, -grcrr ~;:rT, RHTl.f3 RH3 Qt4'!) fH31
HTW eT Q:3, FlO Qtoo Bll{07TlE ~TW f~Tcrr, tlfc»jr(5T, 9.t.!)Q Bl
[li'i5 tt=<-t:3 J
»jTl.f 3 ~<JT q§ ~~ o<JT~ I ~wo ct »{Ttl 3 CfroT ~T
GURU GOBIND SINGH'S DEAT.H AT NANDED 89
~UCJT
3for ~fCJ 9]CJ f1.[3 T 9]t1CJl HT3' >rI~~ I
;:r13 >rI~ wfua B~l ~~l 1.[f3 Brf~~ fRUf I
RH3 1765 or3or ljt!l um-rl ?lO?TCJ R?T 1.IUCJ CJT3'
9]tral 11] ~ ;:rl RHri 0B~ R~a f?tf t!1:fo ~H I 32 aCJl1 11
H-U1% 9]fuWBl RCJ1 2 CJFt:r»T I
APPENDIX VIll
fAUf FIrma, ala .fRUf aB, fB1:f3 RH3 1884 fa., 1828 B1.,
fq))f'fB 14 I
R~'GI"
;:jCJ 1.[fa ?:c UjT~ ore,
Off? 3 t ~ ~ ~ ~R ~Tij I
30 RW f;:r? Be Rifa 3, ~ or1 Hltf f;:r~ Jt~ f~ I
&Fe ~T~ orm- fo -em-, l1tJfl~ ~orTB ~ >rITfB foaTij I
>if3 >rIOfTB ~TB~, (ffCJ ;:jf3 fi..rBl "Ufo ;1f3 ~ II 107 II
~
tfft!CJt WBOl Do CJfutr, crra oToor f;:r~ l1tJ C[-fu fRQTfCJ@ I
90 AN EXAMINATION OF SUCCESSION THEORIES
R~'
~ ~1€r ~ 111 qro 3'ii ~ ~T?) lJ'lT~ ,
;:l 00 f?fu~ ~ 'iiO! H~ f30 ~ qro c1 ;:rg ~ fo ~ 1
il tlO! fRtf B W30 ~' qro O1la3 ~ BC ~ Bl3 ~ 1.1 ••• 11 11 0 II
APPENDIX IX
fal}fTfo cfTotTo CifoTH3 fowfo ~t:!1})1t, R3 fRW
BOB1, HE11865 81
[tm ~8-~LlJ
2~Rlk<I::!J .t5X£!J
'~~ 'a~&.e 'l!clk<1.ej Jnf}J R.GJ2 E.Ij .l±t.eL.212 l2Bl12h ?k< l2i!jthl:;l
[~ .t,H. fn.I;lJ f{,e lSLa] H&HE~
....
x XION3:ddV
I.Gg 1j Ll:!aJ J:!!:t g~ gRHj .GjH ~l:!J ~
I ~ l12 ~r.e. .2J.en ~J1H L.I± t:i!.e. £le
,en~
:lk<aJ!He.~
~F~ a-l ~lf qoOT ~ ~i1 3- >rfCf >rfCftrl {fl~ ~ trr~ ~o fCiIH
~ a-lu ikl ~ ... >rfo ~ H~ f~B ~5 a-C5T ~~ at H'- >rfTtf
~t' f~~· ~ trTW I a-w 3f oTH "3 Olg f~B ~ R ;:pJ ...
. . .{flg>rft <!Ig orijt'l w~ <!Ig ~, R B~t' Olg ftJij ~el HQ ~ ~~
<J1 EJW ~ flTf£orr Rfa A~l feu W3 ~ ...
[lioT:(0 J
... ~ellf§ 3f ('jT OlCf ~o t'1 ~ ~, ('jT A· Clg ~, H'- at ~~Hl
fRT ut , H~ 0TC5 mTo ?) ~~ W~T ~NC&))jT ~ ... II 21 II
[lioT :(4 J
... H· i!Tg our ot.rCl@ ~1 HT6a- ut .. .ara-aro {fl~ tTl >;fill ~1 qool
;:r 5' <!Ig trl >rfTtW ~~ Horel ;:r 3· Olg oracr wf<re H· fC5CfT ~
[tfi')T :3:3]
.. .qRl· at EJTel fRerl ~TC5T ~H llCfT a-13T, H~ H· 3·
{flfo>rrrel t'T ~H ~TB RHTo EJl OJl... 11:3 'i II
(tioT B:(]
...If§ at or ~. ~~o t'1 B~~, or ~dW ~o t'l B~
~, If§ at ~ fRerl t'l B~ ~ ~u 3f >H~. ~'"crB ~, ~CfB orB'
~ aT I... B3 JIt'l 'i'i, 'it:3D
[lior BD-Bt]
...Bij ~aaTij # €rnr ~TB crn3TCf '~l a-crtT~ I fea- {flg olt'l RTf<re
<!Ig olt'l wol@ l{aTc {flat t'1 ft'u I ";:j fHer H"& f~ij BT5' fitr
H:OJl H· BJ" -
I 50 orCf
-=
trl ?) fC5CfT ~ I ~~1 oro -= ~ ar~l
- = oro
f€'B ~1 ~f}-[a RTij I qraa~l a-5 R~a-;:ro Hr3- t.r03C1 {flg
f0R31ij ... 11 46 II
(lior Bt]
... H· ClJg OJl A· 3f {flg B t'o W ~a-a Jt H· EJl W<5 tffJo ~~
~031 qat'T ut ";:j jJ {flg trl 301 Boo JT ~l:ftfl t'l1· ocr crel", ~
fRt'a-l H?ierl "3 ocr gel· >rfoT.;:r Olg trl ~ 9T~ I ~fRt'~l feR t'T
or~ ~ ";:j <!Ig ;:rl ?) crnor ~r ~ R ('jT ~ I . .. HH3 1937
JT~ ~€1 1 II
G-URU GO BIND SiNGH'S DEATH AT NANDED 93
[tfoT ll~]
••• 3FW
- -=. ;:Jl B ~W ~B
010' fuwo qoOT ore RTf~~ 010' til Bl B(J
-;;;::
••• ~a w~l BAt t(T3RT (JT>liT "3 fl.l~ illg 3 t H(J1dT;:J tfl FfJ illg ala
ATf(JCf ?i= ,f~~Tl.Io c:m OIB (Jo R ABT (JT f~AfCf3 ~ ~a ora
-; ~~l
APPNEDIX XI
i]"Efl (flo f~BlP. al, a~ lJHo fRW, Fro 1882 ~l RTl::fTllO"l1l
[tinr .908 ]
••. c:wl l{T3 (JHallJ B~T~l \Ifs "HQ gfB 'R~1 "
fRUlO fafq ~3 fuo3T OfloT ~oo ~ qa~~l II 5 I'
BA 5G l.SdBR 3W0I Ofo l{~ fOtf BOf tlqrij II
~ '& ~~ Of~lqa' qT fOf >lilFpif qrij "6"
~~ ill2 >lirir qJg Ofa Ofa 3~ l{8Of tIllra"
>liTti CJBf(J ~ Bfd3 >lil.lafH3 RH5' 0 tld3 faB~ ,,7 II
FfJ Jil::f 0f(J1 f~ HT3 qTfBOfT ftl3 T >liOfTB aRIBT II
3 T OfT -alBT lIOGf l::fTc:5RT >li~ 0fR fB3 fl:fRTW "8,,
H (Jd' (JTB3 (JTftfO oTftfO fm-rCl<] BoAo~! II
OB l::f1C5RT lj;:Jo fRo aBo }fa RJ-W ~' "9"
gtl f~R illg ola 1;ICI 3 T &0 pJ t@ >liTE "
lift tlTB ~ a dTl::f qa ill2>lil el lJqdTB "10"
HH lj;:Jo R~?) qJg ala f(J ~B0 EfT?)T aBOT II
BdRo Ofoo HO 'Gf(J Atl'1 gtl f~OfTBfA tfBo T II 11 II
~iBR gtl lJ}fa l::fTc:5AT O;:J fRUl ;:Jfu ~~1 "
f~ ROfT A"3 ~a qarel qlaQdT~13tr(Jl II 12 II
94 AN EXAMINATION OF SUCCESSION THEORIES
[FJT!;fT lj '1 ]
... ~To~ro ft'f3 fPO tffiHl W3Ql ljt!'1 HUTor II
HH3 113V .... 113 DffiS t/O U9...- t/OBOi' UHToT
... 1/ 6 II
[tIor DOE] .
tldT3 l,U:f3Uj dUo ftrcl or~l OT§' €lor >;f~T II
- .-
Bffi)'T R~ ~Oi' fBo f~ or fc{UT ffig crcr3'cJT II 30 II
oJif~jTol ~ dU3 q}-JT~~ UB ).fTf~ l::!f~ HT~ It
f30 Oi'T R~ Hol R~T l:if~ ~fu uf~~ II "31 II
RR~ RaB Hf~ UOBT Oi'o~ ~f3 1i000S Btt ur~ II
~~ };fW HTf~ ~~ fm'q ~~ G8" }!l3 ~ "32 II
\J..t'fH tfTO tl14ill -& oil~ 140 ~o <Jfu tlo ~~ II
>;fOi'IE 140~ fWf ?i R W~ HUT WP.i fHf3 ~T ,,33"
~a- ~f~ U~ l{EfH 90131 >;flU crcrl >;fOBTRT
erQB Oi'HTO ~ Hf~ Efu '::fo HT~ olJfrf~ BtfCJTR'T " 34
RIR 0T1:f oro orOB ~BRRHf<J' - 'a...--
let ora >;frat II
~E ~T<JqJ~ tll lJ ~TB!=F G3 ~~qr~ uTm 1/ 35 1/
erRl Oi'HO H~HC51 fcturfofu ~ urn tra' orfil: II .
-C/9 H aq tl~er ~1 BB ftJ31 fBR R'tit II 36 II
f~3'f for }){RT~ f11g 01'0T3' B >iBo ~ET Of ~"3 }){R~T >rfoftor
CiET or ~, RHTtJ Of C!<5T?, f01'ljfT O1'OH or 01'a- I fRoG'
~
~ art:!
~
tfI BT tJTO 01'0 ~ emf fBo ~RiJOT 01'0 B<5T3' l}{01'TC? y01:f e T ~aFfT
ijCf~T I fE<J €ltJifF.l' B 01'0 fEROTO C(O ~ ~T<J l{RTB ~lW 3'
F.!R30 ClH3'O FltfT, }){oBTHT Rtf 01'0, -8C1I l::!RTG'OT tfri ~rB eT
3'Ot 3WCf (J~, ri §C5T.~T "3 O1'Of3' ~ ~eo B-B ~ I fiJ~,
ljR8Wo, fR'1:f, fRUl RCI ~;:rI er ClBo Ho c1 ~T<JO Cf§ o~ I
OT WC1H ~o O1'T CIB03 ~d3'T ~ &~ e-oif WB fBCfT tfC5ef5ET
ot.rO >WET, RCI fHCf Rqr~ ~ dT~ I ~q feo ~t B ~01'H ~ Of
Ho ~ fR'1:ft ~ >rfcnlor ~C5W 3'i f~· fEOl' O1'OB f001'C5150 ~
or fHC5W I ~ FlHTtJ ~T ~fE f~3T ftfR B H0<5 Wt<5 ~TH3
}){?>3' {R'UI tft::rra l}{Tft01' eRSoT 3· tfTB <Jo I B-R qrot;~Ta- :3
ClF!3'T er 3TH ~<5 }){CI'BC5 0dT0 H8.<;l a ~ I
APPEND IX XIII
qra ~rC?)ll){t, fRc! f<JRGO'f RRrfECl, >rf-fl-!.3'IiO, RH3' 8ts oT001'8T<JTI
T81, ~IET ~ fR"Uj, .RH3' cttSE faC(Hl,
- ue
'61'6' ~ ... Ro ct9to El
[tii')t q q]
a3T ~~ 3' ljfToT H<.113, uT3'F.TT<Jl 01'00 WOo Fj} Rf3'qrg
<i1fu'B fFfur ;:rT 01'13'1 I RH3' 1765, o['-f3'01 Bel 5, RH~To, B 4f<Jo
0 13 dTET, Fj} Rf3q]~[ <i1f~B fR"ul tfl Rl-fTi, FiT }j{Cj'BC5 oara,
dler~oT f01'Ofa . I tfT3'F.I'T<Jl q o· I
,-
GURU GO BIND SINGH' S DEATH AT NANDED 97
qra 1{~8'1. CI~l 'R'-qr', ClTHfCll'ifT~, H}{3 '1ttO, fa. 'Rn '1t~~
~l [uor 'IE].
~31 'SOl:f >}f2 HT'R lifn, WoT ft!n lJ9' ;:rf~ I
Clm 'OT';:r o1mt! fRtij, 'OT;:r ;:r0l tif3 <Jf~ II 43 II
'R3 ToT R {f~ HH3' ~1~ "& nTf~ r
C?f3'C? lJt!llJ utn-H, o1f~t! fRtij 'RHTf~ /I 44 II
qra 1{OT8'OlT, qrc?T'S fRUf, (f'F/Cf 'Or;:r B 'RH ~)
[tr''oT '1=<0]
Ff}f3' 1765 C?3'C?lJeT 5 f~'Rl.f3'~ro ~ t[<Jo CJT3' Ol~ ,
R~ 3 ~o 32 aa1;f for/l-fTa t H<J13 t[T~ I >}fTt[ f~'Rorn ora ~ l}fO
ClHO ClFF ora I ~~ 'R<J'O H o1t!T~'Ol ~ 3'"(; ~ q['O 'R~ C?T
ClTa3'O F.rn3 ~~ wg oler 'RTf<J'S crtl q[fal}fT~l B ora r >}fOt!T'R
~ I >}fa 1;f'ER -3 ~'Rl H ora I >}f~ ~ 'R'RC?T'O l}f'RerT(') ~t!n
ql fB1;fT t[o >}f'f~ faarR I >}fa tlOl >}ferro 'RTUO qO ~ >}ferro tLOlCTf~
ora 'R'Ol'O q' t!T<J ql>;jTI fB1;fT ~ foraB qrnS BOlt <J~l erl I W~
~3ri 'RH 'R9 crtl 'Sl<Ja ora t!T>}fT er' I B<J orT waT ~ 42 W1;f
9 H<JT3- 28 fun Cll I >}fa ~~ 'R<Jo ~T~al ~ 3'"(; >}f'SBB nOla
>}f'Rer'n t{f'RU ~ /I t[T38T<Jl '10 /I
R'f3q[CI t!' ~R ~aoo I or~l 'O')-{ fHtij
[Un' .?=< ]
'R3'ClT R We 'RTB, lii t[B ornr~ I
orrf3or lJt!T fCf3' UBH )-{(JT t[T~ t!'OR'V I
~ BR ~ lioT t[T~ >-Wr0' I
~ fHB"T ;:r3' illftfu- fFfUf ';!ac ora3'0' /I q 0 II
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100 AN EXAMINATION OF SUCCESSION THEORIES
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APPENDIX xv
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1928, tfoT '1.
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104 AN EXAMINATION OF SUCCESSION THEORIES
19 GCJ?a'l -J 935
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GURU GOBIND SINGH'S DEATH AT NANDED 105
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APPENDIX XVII
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11 2 AN EXAMIN ATIO N OF SUCCESSION T H EORI ES
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GURU GOBIND SINGH'S DEATH AT NANDED 113
(20-11-40)
[f~~ -a~lq -e1 'l.31f~l::f3 9013 ~~Ho fl:fUl ;ft ~ ~ 25 ;re1. 1935, ~~,
Appendix XVI, Yiq 3 e ~oi \l"jl)I 105-6 \10 f-e31 '5l!1 ~ I]
GURU GOBIND SINGH'S DEATH AT NAND ED t 15
APPENDIX XVIII
Extracts Persian and Urdu Works
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APPENDIX XIX
Statement of the Secretary Goadateer Itihas
Samshodhan MandaI, Nanded
My attention has been drawn to a series of articles on
'Guru Govind Singh did not die at Nanded' published in the
weekly Indian Progress of Delhi, March-October, 1971. The
editor seems to be grossly misinformed on the subject. It is.
an acknowledged historical fact that Guru Govind Singh, the
Tenth and last Guru of the Sikhs, died at Nanded in the first
week of October, 1708 (Katik Sudi 5, 1765 Bikrami). It was
here that he proclaimed that, with his death, the line of per-
sonal succession to Guruship would end and that in future the
Sikh holy book would be the Guru. These facts are recited in
the Sikh praye~ at the Sachkhand temple here, as also every-
where else. It was to perpetuate. the memory of Guru Govind
Singh here at Nanded that in the early nineteenth century
Maharaja Ranjit Singh sent men and money all the way from
the Punjab to raise the present monumental building over the
relics of the great Guru. Not only the Sikhs from all over the
world but also large numbers of Hindus and Muslims visit
this place daily. To say that Guru Govind Singh did not die
at Nanded is a misrepresentation of an historical fact which
is well-known to all Hindus, Muslims and Sikhs of the town
and its neighbourhood. It is tru.e that there is a legend of the
Guru having given darslzan to a Sadhu after his death. Such
legends are found in the hagiographical books of all religions,
Hindu, Muslim and Christian. But these legends are not to be
accepted as part of the historical biographies of the saints.
(Sd.) V. A. Kanole,
23rd October, 1971. Hony Secretary,
Godateer Itihas Samshodhak MandaI,
Nanded, Maharashtra
GURU GO BIND SINGH'S DEATH AT NANDED 119
APPENDIX XX (a)
n
q §' '~FfuOlg' 111 orl :G3u II
3:cr3 RBcm F{J uB'O ltf~tffi OcJT'O j:J'Tfu~, (')iB3 (H<JT01F.rco)
Takht Sachkhand Shri Razur Abchalnagar Sahib, Nanded (M.S.)
Date 27.l0.71.
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oro fB'31 I
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RUl/- for~To1 Hili'l fi:fw, H13 truB'lo Rdt/- ~ fFfuJ, t;!1.ITW
Ru1/- R~l B'Rro fRW, ~~ ~1
R<ft/- ~;:lor fl:fw, Secretary,
Gurudwara Board, Nanded
APPENDIX XX (b)
n
q §' ~TfuOlg 111011 :G3U II
illfut ftfuf tTl 't!l ot~ 'f~B tilTtOlTO t.lgo ~TfpH V~ I >li3 fEuT
~f?il)f~ ~3 fot.fTH fl-eOTat't!?l fpR t(f~o l)fRtfTo B or 83
ft(~i -el tror1o BlE1 I
-eTR
RUl/- ~;10l fR"ul Hif2t. CIToii>i{ToT a~, oi~
GUGU GOBIND SINGH'S DEATH AT NANDED 121
APPENDIX XXI
APPENDIX XXII
ElofGLlSH
Bowering, Lewin B. Eastern Experiences, London, 1872.
Desai, M. N. The Sikh Gurdwara Sachkhand Shri Huzur
Abchalnagar Sahib, pub. 1958.
Forster, George. A Journey from Bengal to England, London,
1798.
Godateer Itihas Samshodhan MandaI, Nanded, Statement of
the Secretary, October 23, 1971.
Kukas-Papers relating to the Kuka Sect, Lahore, 1872.
Lakshman Singh, Bhagat. Bhagat Lakshman Singh: Autobio-
graphy, edited by Ganda Singh, Calcutta, 1965.
Latif, Syed Muhammad, History of the Panjab from the
Remotest Antiquity to the Present Time, Calcutta, 1891.
Macauliffe, M.A. The Sikh Religion, Oxford, 1909, 6 vols.
M 'Gregor, W.L. The History of the Sikhs, London,' 1846,
Vol. I.
Mohan Singh Gyani. Tawarikh Sachkhand, pub. 'author, n.d.
Obsborne, W.G. Court and Camp of Runjeet Singh, London,
1840.
Punjab, History of the. London, 1840.
PUNJABI
Balak Singh, Baba. letter to Sain Ja wahlr Mall, Maghar 18,
1919 Bk., December 1, 1862.
Bir Singh Ball. Singh Sagar, Ms., 1828.
Ganda Singh, ed. Hukam-Name Guru Sahiban, etc., Patiala,
1967.
Gian Singh, Giani. Tawarikh Guru Khalsa, Sialkot, 1891.
- Panth Prakash, 2nd ed., 1889.
Gur-Parnalian, Kesar Singh, Saundha, Gulab Singh, .Ram
Singh, etc. Amritsar, 483 Nanakshahi, A.D. 1951.
Guru Sahib /)aswen Patshah ji ke Joti jot Samawane ka Prasang,
Ms.
130 AN EXAMINATION OF SUCCESSION THEORIES
Abchalnagar, 45, 46, 71,96, 98, Attock, 55, 103, 104, 109
100,101.109 Aurangzeb, Emperor, 11
Abdus Samad Khan, 75 Baghaur, 12
Afzal Nagar (Abchalnagar), 44 Bahadur Shah, Emperor, 12, 19,
Agra,12 21,22,24,30,44,45,47,6976,95
Ahmad bin Muhammad Ali, 43 Bakala,35
Ahmad Shah Batalia, 45 Balak Singh, Eaba, 55-60, .103-114
Ajapai Singh, 5~, 54. 65, 98-100 -Guruship a myth, 52-59, 67-69,
-nothing known before 1754. 100 72.
-not known to Kukas, 71. 76,78, -no relation ",ith Ajapal Singh,
100, 104 54.60, 72, 78
-in disguise, 76 Bala Rao, 31,32
-myth, 64-67, 70, 72. 78 Banda Singh Bahadur, 22, 30, 48,
-no relation with Balak Singh. 74
54-60, 72, 78, 102 Baramula, 70, 108
-not Guru Gobind Singh, 71, Bhadhra Nagar, 100
74-78 Bhagwan Das. Mahant, 109
-never visited lind, Patiala, Bhaini Sahib, 56,57,62
Hazro,68, 71 Bhatinda, 11
-not known to Sain Jwahir Mall, Bhujang Singh, 119, 120
Bhai Balak Singh and their Bidar, 37. 39
descendants, 55, 56, 77 Birat, 37, 39
-spiritless man, 75-77 Bir Singh Ball, See Vir Singh Ball
Ajit Singh, apodted son, 20, 21. Bishan Das, Bhagat, 59, 104, 108-
22, 42, 52. lI5 112
Ajit Singh Bedi, 52 Bowering, Lewis B., 48
Ali-ud-din, Mufti, 46 Browne, lames,44.
Amar Das, Guru, 33 Call (?), 30
Amir Chand. Bhagat, 109 Campbellpore, See Kaimalpur
Amritsar, 21.24. 25, 28, 39, 52, 56, Chak Guru, 21
62-65, 67, 70, 73, 97,98, 101, Chenab,58
102,108 Chhajjal-wadi,63
Anandpur, 9, 14. 22, 37, 54 Chhoi, 110
Angad, Guru, 100 Chamkaur, 10, 11
Arjun, Guru, 22, 24, 77 Chanda Singh, 45
Aslam Khan, 2S Chatarman, Rai, 20, 42
134 AN EXAMINATION OF SUCCESSION THEORIES