Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Analisis de Aceites
Analisis de Aceites
Metal Analysis of Three Different Crude Soybean Oils by Three Different Techniques
Cadmium 228.8 0.0045 0.014 0.0067 0.021 0.020 0.024 0.039 0.112 0.051
Nickel 232.0 0.048 0.039 0.016 BDLb BDL BDL 0.052 0.047 0.046
Copper 324.8 0.051 0.040 0.102 0.037 0.027 0.087 0.047 0.026 0.069
Chromium 357.9 0.059 0.070 0.102 0.029 0.026 0.031 0.018 0.011 0.022
Lead 217.0 0.27 0.19 0.34 0.13 0.012 0.13 0.26 0.13 0.36
Manganese 279.5 0.30 0.64 0.64 0.27 0.73 0.63 0.31 0.83 0.76
Sodium 589.0 1.51 1.90 1.19 1.33 1.92 0.96 1.17 1.35 0.88
Zinc 213.9 1.27 1.64 2.53 1.47 1.92 2.82 1.80 1.97 2.92
Iron 248.3 1.78 1.57 6.54 1.73 1.63 6.68 1.78 1.62 6.61
Calcium 422.7 9.1 10.0 11.4 19.2 20.5 21.2 27.5 31.4 28.7
Magnesium 202.5 44.3 47.0 49.7 45.0 47.5 49.5 40.0 46.3 40.1
Potassium 404.4 157 149 255 177 174 255 144 130 226
TABLE III
TABLE IV
sitivity and makes it difficult to determine the elements nitely lost by char ashing, with the possibility that some Zn
that are present in ng quantities. Of the metals with high also may be lost. Cd, Ni, and Pb are all adversely affected
vapor pressures, Fe, Ni, and Cr are not atomized completely by sensitivity limits when the direct aspiration technique is
on the carbon rod. Consequently, the carbon rod assembly followed. The use of direct aspiration or carbon rod ap-
must be cycled through the different heating stages with no peared to be unsuccessful for Cr, owing to the oxidative stat':
sample to remove any remaining traces of metal. Signal which it must be in for successful AAS. Ca was run most
depression due to the ionization of K is an important factor successfully by carbon rod atomization and wi th less suc-
and may have influenced the results between methods for K cess by the other two methods, because a releasing agent
in this comparative study. The element that is most diffi- was missing; such an agent is mandatory for both char ash-
cult to determine accurately is Ca. The presence of organic ing and direct aspiration.
solvents affects the position of maximum absorbance in the
flame. In addition, cooler flames interfere with Ca deter-
mination by AAS, such as the formation of stable oxysalts ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
with high concentrations of phosphorus. The need for a Statistical analyses were provided by W.F. Kwolek, biometrician,
releasing agent, such as lanthanum or strontium, is man- North Central Region, U.S.D.A., stationed at the Northern Labora-
datory. The disparity in Ca results (Table II) probably tory.
can be accounted for from the following facts: crude soy-
bean oil contains high quantities of phosphorus; however,
neither the aqueous solution from char ash nor the solvent REFERENCES
aspiration solution contained a releasing agent.
In the carbon rod atomizer, the absorbance of Cr de- I. Abbott, D.C., and R.D.A. Polhill, Analyst 79:547 (1954).
2. English, M., and D.C. Manning, At. Absorption Newslett. 3:65
pends upon the oxidative state, which affects decompo- (1970).
sition kenetics. Preferably, all the Cr should be in the hexa- 3. GugliJIaumin, R., Ibid. 5: 19 (1966).
valent state. The low values for Cr by the carbon rod 4. H¢>gelahl, O.T., and S. Melsom, Anal. Chern. 38:1414 (1966).
method might be attributable to its oxidation state. 5. Labuza, T.P., and M. Karel, I. Food Sci. 32:572 (1967).
6. Meliun, E.H., and I.E. Hawley, JAOCS 28:346 (1951).
Within the framework of conditions set forth in this 7. Piccolo, B., and R.T. O'Connor, Ibid. 45:789 (1968).
comparison, the following conclusions may be drawn: Cu, 8. Evans, C.D., G.R. List, and L.T. Black, Ibid. 48:840 (1971).
Fe, Mn, or Na may be run with equal success by any of the 9. Thiers, R.E., in "Methods of Biochemical Analysis," Vol. 5,
three methods reported. Mg and K can probably also be run "Contamination in Trace Element Analysis and Its Control,"
Edited by David Glick, Interscience Publishers, New York,
\vith equal success; however, the concentration of these two N.Y., 1957.
metals in crude soybean oil is too great for successful use of 10. List, G.R., R.L. Hoffmann, W.F. Kwolek, and C.D. Evans,
the carbon rod atomizer as a reliable technique. Cd is defi- JAOCS 45:872 (1968).
11ARCH,1975 BLACK: METALS IN SOYBEAN OIL 91
11. Garcia, W.I., C.W. Blessin, and G.E. Inglett, Cereal Chern. 16. Bartels, T.T., and M.R. Slater, At. Absorption Newslett. 9:75
49: 158 (1972). (1970).
12. Prevot, A., At. Absorption Newslett. 5: 13 (1966). 17. Garcia, W.I., C.W. Blessin, and G.E. Inglett, Cereal Chern.
13. Price, W.I., I.T.H. Roos, and A.F. Clay, Analyst 95:760 (1970). 51:788 (1974).
14. List, G.R., C.D. Evans, and W.F. Kwolek, IAOCS 48:438
(1971).
15. Amos, M.D., Amer. Lab. 2: 33 (1970). [Received November 18, 1974]