Name- Gaurav Mandal

Roll no.- EP/358, 2nd year

Environmental Planning, SPA Delhi

SEA Assignment

Sendai Framework and India

The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (2015–2030) is an international
document which was adopted by UN member states between 14th and 18th of March 2015
at the World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction held in Sendai, Japan and endorsed by
the UN General Assembly in June 2015. It is the successor agreement to the Hyogo
Framework for Action (2005–2015), which had been the most encompassing international
accord to date on disaster risk reduction.

The Sendai document emerged from three years' of talks, assisted by the United Nations
International Strategy for Disaster Reduction, during which UN member states, NGOs, and
other stakeholders made calls for an improved version of the existing Hyogo Framework,
with a set of common standards, a comprehensive framework with achievable targets, and a
legally-based instrument for disaster risk reduction. Member states also emphasized the
need to tackle disaster risk reduction and climate change adaption when setting the
Sustainable Development Goals, particularly in light of an insufficient focus on risk reduction
and resilience in the original Millennium Development Goals.

The Sendai Framework was the first international agreement adopted within the context of
the post- 2015 development agenda. Two other major international agreements followed it
in the same year: the Sustainable Development Goals 2015 – 2030 in September, and the
UNCOP21 Climate Change agreement to combat human-induced climate change in
December. DRR is a common theme in these three global agreements. The Paris Agreement
on global climate change points to the importance of averting, minimizing, and addressing
loss and damage associated with the adverse effects of climate change, including extreme
weather events and slow onset events, and the role of sustainable development in reducing
the risk of loss and damage. These three agreements recognize the desired outcomes in DRR
as a product of complex and interconnected social and economic processes, which overlap
across the agendas of the three agreements. Intrinsic to sustainable National Disaster
Management Plan development is DRR and the building of resilience to disasters. Further,
effective disaster risk management contributes to sustainable development.

The Sendai Framework sets four specific priorities for action:

1. Understanding disaster risk Disaster risk management should be based on an

understanding of disaster risk in all its dimensions of vulnerability, capacity,
exposure of persons and assets, hazard characteristics and the environment. Such
knowledge can be used for risk assessment, prevention, mitigation, preparedness
and response.
2. Strengthening disaster risk governance to manage disaster risk Disaster risk
governance at the national, regional and global levels is very important for
prevention, mitigation, preparedness, response, recovery, and rehabilitation. It
fosters collaboration and partnership.
3. Investing in disaster risk reduction for resilience Public and private investment in
disaster risk prevention and reduction through structural and non-structural
measures are essential to enhance the economic, social, health and cultural
resilience of persons, communities, countries and their assets, as well as the
environment.
4. Enhancing disaster preparedness for effective response and to “Build Back Better” in
recovery, rehabilitation and reconstruction The growth of disaster risk means there
is a need to strengthen disaster preparedness for response, take action in
anticipation of events, and ensure capacities are in place for effective response and
recovery at all levels. The recovery, rehabilitation and reconstruction phase is a
critical opportunity to build back better, including through integrating disaster risk
reduction into development measures.

To support the assessment of global progress in achieving the outcome and goal of the
Sendai Framework, seven global targets have been agreed:

1. Substantially reduce global disaster mortality by 2030, aiming to lower average per
100,000 global mortality between 2020-2030 compared to 2005-2015;
 2. Substantially reduce the number of affected people globally by 2030, aiming to
lower the average global figure per 100,000 between 2020-2030 compared to 2005-
2015;
3. Reduce direct disaster economic loss in relation to global gross domestic product by
2030;
4. Substantially reduce disaster damage to critical infrastructure and disruption of basic
services, among them health and educational facilities, including through developing
their resilience by 2030;
5. Substantially increase the number of countries with national and local disaster risk
reduction strategies by 2020;
6. Substantially enhance international cooperation to developing countries through
adequate and sustainable support to complement their national actions for
implementation of the framework by 2030;
7. Substantially increase the availability of and access to multi-hazard early warning
systems and disaster risk information and assessments to the people by 2030.

On 1 June 2016, India released its first ever National Disaster Management Plan, a
document based on the global blueprint for reducing disaster losses, the Sendai Framework
for Disaster Risk Reduction. The plan aims to make India disaster resilient and significantly
reduce the loss of lives and assets.

India became the first country to produce a national plan and local strategy aimed at
lowering the losses incurred due to natural disasters. The plan was presented at the UN
2017 Disaster Risk Reduction (UNISDR) meeting being held in Cancun, Mexico.