Bus departure indication and auto announcement system in bus stops,

useful in rural bus stops

The most common modes of public transport are the buses. When we arrive at a
bus stop, we are not sure if the bus that we want to board has left the bus stop or not. We
don’t even know how much time it will take for the bus to arrive. We have designed this
project trying to solve this problem to provide better service to the passengers using
RFID.

RFID tags are categorized as either active or passive. Active RFID tags are
powered by an internal battery and are typically read/write, i.e., tag data can be rewritten
and/or modified. An active tag's memory size varies according to application
requirements; some systems operate with up to 1MB of memory. Passive RFID tags
operate without a separate external power source and obtain operating power generated
from the reader. This project uses passive tags. Read-only tags are typically passive and
are programmed with a unique set of data (usually 32 to 128 bits) that cannot be
modified. The reader has three main functions: energizing, demodulating and decoding.
The antenna emits radio signals to activate the tag and to read and write data to it.

The significant advantage of all types of RFID systems is the non contact, non-
line-of-sight nature of the technology. Tags can be read through a variety of substances
such as snow, fog, ice, paint, crusted grime, and other visually and environmentally
challenging conditions, where barcodes or other optically read technologies would be
useless.

Each bus contains a RFID tag which contains the bus number. And each bus stop
contains a RFID reader which reads this TAG. All the bus stops are connected to each
other & when a bus is detected at a stop, the bus number is then sent to the next bus stop.
The next bus stop receives the bus number & displays it ON the LCD along with the time
at which the bus has arrived at the previous bus stop. Display is cleared only when the
bus arrives at this stop & then the bus number is then sent to the Next Bus Stop.
 Each bus stop consists of RFID reader whose data is sent to the microcontroller,
which then sends the data to the next bus stop and LCD displays the bus number & the
time at which the bus has arrived at previous bus stop.

This project uses regulated 5v, 500mA power supply. 7805 and 7812 three
terminal voltage regulators are used for voltage regulation. Bridge type full wave rectifier
is used to rectify the ac output of secondary of 230/12v step down transformer. The RFID
module requires a separate +5v power supply.

SOFTWARE AND HARDWARE TOOLS:

Software Tools:
1. Keil compiler
2. Orcad.
3. Proload

Hardware Tools:
1. AT89C52
2. LCD
3. VOICE IC
4. SPEAKER
5. RTC
6. TRAFFIC SIGNAL LIGHTS
7. POWERSUPPLY
BLOCK DIAGRAM