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Module 2 - Triangle Congruence
Module 2 - Triangle Congruence
MATHEMATICS III
Module 2
Triangle Congruence
Module 2
Department of Education
BUREAU OF SECONDARY EDUCATION
CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT DIVISION
DepEd Complex, Meralco Avenue,Pasig City
Triangle Congruence
1. know that congruent sides in a triangle imply that the angles opposite them are
congruent.
2. understand that congruent angles in a triangle imply that the sides opposite them
are congruent.
3. determine that non-congruent sides in a triangle imply that the angles opposite
them are not congruent
4. determine that non-congruent angles in a triangle imply that the sides opposite
them are not congruent.
Given: CDE D
1. CD DE
2. C E
3. CD DE CE
4. C E D C E
9. Vertex angle of an isosceles triangle when one of its base angles has a measure
of 60o.
12. Vertex angle of an isosceles triangle when one of its base has a measure of 65 o.
13. One of the equal sides of an isosceles triangle whose perimeter is 50 and the
length of its base is 20.
14. Base of an isosceles triangle whose perimeter is 60 and one of its equal sides is
21.
15. Find the measure of the exterior angle at the vertex of an isosceles triangle if the
measure of a base angle equals 75o.
Angles labeled with identical marks are assumed to be congruent. Name the
isosceles triangle.
A
16.
D E
B C
17.
N P
Q R
Segments labeled with identical marks are assumed to be congruent. Name all
pairs of angles that are congruent by using the isosceles triangle theorem.
18.
W
V T
19.
O
P R
S Q
20. In ABC, AB = 15, AC = 18, BC = 12. Name the largest and the smallest angle.
Draw the figure to help you.
21. Name the sides of the triangle below in order of increasing lengths.
D
95o
45o 40o E
R
Fill the blanks with the correct relation symbol (>,<) to show the relationship between
segments and between angles in the corresponding figures.
In ACE,
C
65o
75o 40o
A E
22. AC _____ CE
23. CE _____ AE _____ AC
In SON, S
24. m O _____ m N
25. m N _____ m S 45
37
O N
26
Lesson 1
Vertex
leg leg
base base
If two sides of a triangle are congruent, then the angles opposite those sides are
congruent.
Using these theorem, you can say that the angles opposite the sides of an
equilateral triangle are also congruent.
S
In the figure, RST is equilateral.
Examples:
Y
1. Given: XYZ
X Z
If XY ZY, then Z X
If XY XZ, the Z Y
2. What is the measure of a base angle of an isosceles triangle if the vertex angle is
30o?
Solution: 30o
150o
= 75o is the measure of each base angle of the isosceles triangle
2
3. Find the measure of the exterior angle at the vertex of an isosceles triangle if the
measure of a base angle is 40o.
Solution:
60 – 15 = 2x
45 = 2x
45
x=
2
x = 27.5 units
5. Find the measure of the base of an isosceles triangle whose perimeter is 80 and
one of its equal sides is 21 units.
Solution:
80 = x + 21 + 21
80 = x + 42
80 – 42 = x
1. Given: GMA
G
M A
What conclusion can you make from the following statements?
a. GM GA
b. M A
c. GM MA AG
8. One of the equal sides of an isosceles triangle whose perimeter is 90 and the
length of its base is 25.
9. Base of an isosceles whose perimeter is 105 and one of its equal sides is 26.
10. Find the measure of the exterior angle at one of its base angle if the measure of
the vertex angle is 50o.
Segments labeled with identical marks are assumed to be congruent. Name all
pairs of angles that are congruent by using the isosceles triangle theorem.
O
11.
R S
P Q
12.
A
C B
13.
Q R
T S
14.
A
E B
D C
15.
U V
X W
Lesson 2
S
Consider RST where R T.
Draw SQ from S to RT at Q. By reflexivity,
SQ SQ. By SAA, RSQ TSQ
RS TS by corresponding parts of s.
R T
Q
Converse of Isosceles Triangle Theorem:
Using the converse of isosceles triangle theorem, you can say that if a
triangle is equiangular, then the sides opposite these angles are congruent.
Examples:
3. The measure of the exterior angle adjacent to the base angle of an isosceles
triangle if the vertex angle measures 70o.
Answer: 125o
4. The measure of the vertex angle of an isosceles triangle if the measure of one
of the base angles is 43o.
Answer: 94o
Angles labeled with identical marks are assumed to be congruent. Name the
J
isosceles triangles. M
1.
O
K L
2.
Q R
T S
3. F
K G
J H
I
4. P
N C
T
5. Given: ABC with m A = m C = 80.
7. The vertex angle of an isosceles triangle if the measure of one of the base
angles is:
a. 34o
b. 57o
c. 72o
8. Base angle of an isosceles triangle if the measure of the vertex angle is:
a. 66o
b. 38o
c. 76o
9. The exterior angle at the vertex of an isosceles triangle if the measure of the
base angle is 75o.
10. The measure of the exterior angle adjacent to the base angle of an isosceles
triangle if the vertex angle measures 72o.
Lesson 3
Inequalities in a Triangle
I. If two sides of a triangle are not congruent, then the angles opposite these two
sides are not congruent, and the larger angle is opposite the longer side.
R
Examples:
S P
1. In RSP. RS = 35, RP = 31, PS = 52.
Solution:
15 units 10 units
S R
20 units
25 u
18 u
D E
15 u
II. If two angles of a triangle are not congruent, then the sides
E opposite these
two angles are not congruent, and the longer side is opposite the larger angle.
50o
45o 85o D
R
Examples:
1. Given: RED
40o
o
P 120 20o R
95o
45o 40o Y
X
Name the largest angle and the smallest angle in the following triangles. Draw the
figure to help you.
Name the sides of the figures below in the order of increasing lengths.
6.
A
40o
o
B 110 30o C
7.
Q
85o
50o 45o S
R
8.
Y
30o 60o Z
X
Fill the blanks with the correct relation symbol (>,<) to show the relationship between:
1. sides; 2. angles in the corresponding figures.
9. Figure 1:
J
75 In DJE, DJ _____ JE
JE _____ DE
DJ _____ DE
DJ _____ JE ______DE
50o
D 55o E
10. Figure 2:
L
In LPG, m L _____ m P
m P _____ m G
20
m L _____ m G
18 m L _____ m P ____m G
P G
14
Let’s summarize
If two sides of a triangle are congruent, then the angles opposite those sides are
congruent.
Inequalities in a Triangle
I. If two sides of a triangle are not congruent, then the angles opposite these two
sides are not congruent, and the larger angle is opposite the longer side.
II. If two angles of a triangle are not congruent, then the sides opposite these
two angles are not congruent, and the longer side is opposite the larger angle.
What have you learned
1. AC AE
2. C E
E C
Given: RST
3. RS ST RT
4. R S T
R T
9. Vertex angle of an isosceles triangle when one of its base angles has a measure
of 50o.
12. Vertex angle of an isosceles triangle when one of its base has a measure of 85 o.
13. One of the equal sides of an isosceles triangle whose perimeter is 50 and the
length of its base is 10.
14. Base of an isosceles triangle whose perimeter is 60 and one of its equal sides is
21.
15. Find the measure of the exterior angle at the vertex of an isosceles triangle if the
measure of a base angle equals 35o.
Angles labeled with identical marks are assumed to be congruent. Name the
isosceles triangle.
E
16.
I F
H G
17.
A B
D C
Segments labeled with identical marks are assumed to be congruent. Name all
pairs of angles that are congruent by using the isosceles triangle theorem.
18. S
Q T
19.
E
A D
B C
20. In ABC, AB = 13, AC = 17, BC = 9. Name the largest and the smallest
angle. Draw the figure to help you.
21. Name the sides of the triangle below in order of increasing lengths.
B
97o
43o 40o C
A
Fill the blanks with the correct relation symbol (>,<) to show the relationship between
segments and between angles in the corresponding figures.
In DBF,
B
60o
70o 50o
D F
22. DB _____ DF
23. DF _____ BF _____ DB
In SUN,
35
27
U N
16
24. m S _____ m U
25. m S _____ m N
Answer Key
1. CDE is an isosceles
2. The base s of an isosceles are
3. CDE is an equilateral
4. The angles opposite the sides are also
5. 60o
6. 60o
7. 65o each base
8. 45o each base
9. 60o
10. 90o
11. 16 units
12. 50o
13. 15 units
14. 18 units
15. 150o exterior angle of the vertex angle
16. ADE, FDE
17. NPO, QOR
18. V and W; UTW and UWT; UVT and UTV
19. P and R; OSQ and OQS
20. B is the largest and A is the smallest
21. RD < DE < RE or RD, DE, RE
22. <
23. >, >
24. >
25. >
1. a. GMA is isosceles
b. base angles of isosceles are
c. GMA is an equilateral
2. 60o
3. 52.5 each base
4. 90o
5. 45o
6. 20 units
7. 70o
8. 32.5 units
9. 53 units
10. 115o
11. XPQ XQP, OPQ OQP
12. BCA BAC; DBC DCB; DAB DBA
13. QTS QST; SQR SRQ
14. ACD ADC; AEB ABE
15. VUW VWU; XUW XWU
Lesson 2
Lesson 3
1. B is the largest angle and A is the smallest angle
2. D is the largest angle and E is the smallest angle
3. I is the largest angle and H is the smallest angle
4. J is the largest angle and K is the smallest angle
5. M is the largest angle and O is the smallest angle
6. AB < BC < AC or AB, BC, AC
7. RQ < QS < RS or RQ, QS, RS
8. YZ < XY < XZ or YZ, XY, XZ
9. <, <, <, <, <
10. <, >, <, <, >