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Module 18 Rev
Module 18 Rev
Module 18 Rev
This module will focus on using special products and factoring in solving
problems involving number relations and areas of polygons such as rectangles,
squares and triangles.
After going through this module, you are expected to use special products and
factoring to solve problems on
number relations
areas and dimensions of rectangles, squares and triangles
1
How to learn from this module
The following flowchart serves as your quick guide in using this module.
Start
No
In order to learn from this module, you need to recall the special product and
factoring formulas, the formulas for areas and dimensions of rectangle, square, and triangle:
and the properties of equality. Proceed to the next
Take the Posttest module/STOP.
You refer to the previous module for the special product and factoring formulas.
2
Let’s recall the properties of equality.
PROPERTIES OF EQUALITY
For any real numbers a, b and c
Reflexive: a = a
Symmetric: If a=b, then b=a
Exploration
Transitive: 1
If a=b and b=c, then a=c
Addition Property of Equality (APE): If a = b, then a + c = b + c
Multiplication Property of Equality (MPE): If a = b, then ac = bc
Zero Property for Multiplication: ab = 0, then a = 0 or b = 0
1. The square of a positive number is 47 less than twice the square of the next
consecutive positive number. What are the numbers?
2. In a school audio-visual room, the number of seats in each row is 4 more than the
number of rows. The audio-visual room sits 60 persons. How many seats are there
in each row?
a. 16 b. 14 c. 12 d. 10
3. The length of a rectangular field is 12 m longer than its width. The area of the field
is 108 sq m. What is its width?
a. 4 m b. 5 m c. 6 m d. 7 m
4. The height of a triangle is one more than thrice its base. What is the height of the
triangle if the area is 15 sq cm.?
a. 7 cm b. 10 cm c. 13 cm d. 16 cm
3
a. 7 b. 8 c. 9 d. 10
Exploration
In this lesson, you will learn to solve problems about number relations. It is
worthwhile to recall the elements of the set of counting numbers, whole numbers, and
integers.
Consider the problem below. Read the problem carefully and understand the method
of solving it.
Problem 1. The square of a counting number is 98 less than twice the square of the next
consecutive counting number. What are the numbers?
4
2(x + 1)2 – 98 = 98 less than twice the square of the second
x2 = 2(x + 1)2 – 98
Solve:
x2 = 2(x + 1)2 – 98
x2 = 2(x2 + 2x + 1) – 98 → Square of a binomial
x2 = 2x2 + 4x + 2 – 98 → Distributive Property
x2 = 2x2 + 4x – 96 → Combine 2 and - 98
2x2 + 4x – 96 = x2 → Symmetric Property
2x + (-x2) + 4x – 96 = x2 + (-x2)
2
→ Addition Property of Equality
x2 + 4x – 96 = 0 → Inverse Property for Addition
(x – 8)(x + 12) = 0 → Factoring trinomial ax2 + bx + c; a = 1
x – 8 = 0; x + 12 = 0 → Zero Property for Multiplication
x = 8; x = -12
Check: Is the square of the first counting number(8) equals 98 less than twice the
square of the next counting number (9)?
x2 ? 2(x + 1)2 – 98
82 ? 2(9)2 – 98
64 ? 2 (81) – 98
64 ? 162 – 9
Read the problem below. This time you will be required to answer questions as
you read and solve the problem.
Problem 2. The square of a number decreased by 36 is equal to 64. Find the numbers.
Unknown_________
5
Known___________
Unknown: a number
Known: the square of the number decreased by 36 is 64
Let x = _____________________
My answers:
Now you read and supply the reason for each of the steps in solving this problem.
Equation: x2 – 36 = 64
Solve: x2 – 36 = 64
x – 10 = 0 ; x + 10 = 0 → (2)___________________________
x = 10 ; x = -10
My answers:
6
(1) Combine 36 and - 64
(2) Zero Property for Multiplication
Check: x2 – 36 = 64 x2 – 36 = 64
for x = 10; (10)2 – 36 ? 64 for x –10; (-10)2 – 36 ? 64
100 – 36 ? 64 100 – 36 ? 64
64 = 64 64 = 64
Problem 3. Find two positive numbers whose difference is 2 and whose product is 24.
Known: The difference of the unknown positive numbers is 2 and their product is 24
Equation: x(x+2) = 24
Solve: x(x+2) = 24
x2 + 2x = 24 Distributive property
x2 + 2x – 24= 0 APE
7
(x+6) (x – 4) = 0 Factoring
x = -6 and x = 4
x = -6 is rejected since you are looking for positive numbers.
Self-check 1
1. One number is 4 more than the other. If the sum of their squares is 40, find the
numbers.
Compare your answers with those in the Answer key. If you got all the answers
correct, CONGRATULATIONS! You did well in the lesson and can proceed to the next
lesson. If not, you need to go over the same lesson and take note of the mistakes
committed. It pays to have a second look.
Exploration
8
In this lesson, you will learn to solve problems involving area and dimensions of a
square.
Let us recall the definition, parts and formula to find the area of a square.
Problem 1. The area of a square lot is 144 sq m. Find the length of one side.
Equation: 144 = x2 A = s2
Solve: 144 = x2
x2 = 144 → Symmetric Property of Equality
x2 – 144 = 0 → Addition Property of Equality
x2 – 122 = 0 → Express 144 in exponential form
(x –12)(x + 12) = 0 → a2 – b2 = (a – b) (a + b)
x – 12 = 0 ; x + 12 = 0 → Zero Property for Multiplication
x = 12 ; x = -12
x = -12 is rejected for there is no negative linear measurement.
Read and understand the problem below. You need to fill up the missing parts in the
solution.
A= ?
9
x x=3
A= x2
Unknown:___________________
Known:_____________________
My answers:
Let x=__________________
___________________
Self-check 2
10
Solve the following problems.
Compare your answers with those in the Answer key. If you got all the answers
correct, CONGRATULATIONS! You did well in the lesson and can proceed to the next
lesson. If not, you need to go over the same lesson and take note of the mistakes
committed. It pays to have a second look.
Exploration
Let us recall the definition, parts and formula to find the area of a rectangle.
Area of a Rectangle
Area = length times width: A= lw
Consider the problem below. Read the problem carefully and follow the method of
solving it.
11
Problem 1. A photograph is 8 cm wide and 12cm long. The length and the width are
increased by an equal amount in order to double the area of the photograph.
What are the dimensions of the new photograph?
Area = lw
Substitute = 8cm (12), thus 12 + x
Area = 96 sq m
12 cm
A = 2(96)
A = 96 sq cm 8 cm 8+ x
x = -24 ; x = 4
x = -24 is rejected
Check: Are the dimensions of the new photograph double the area of the given
photograph?
12
12(16) ? 2(96)
Problem 2. The length of the floor of the classroom is 2 m longer than the width. The sum
of their squares is 130. Find the length and the width.
x+ 2
My answer:
x2 + (x + 2)2 = 130
x = 7 m is the width
13
x + 2 = 7 + 2 = 9 m is the length
Is the sum of the squares of the length and the width equal to 130?
72 + 92 ? 130
49 + 81 ? 130
You have noticed that negative solutions for problems involving linear measurement
are rejected because negative value does not make any sense as far as linear
measurement is concern.
Self-check 3
1. The length of a rectangle is 3 m longer than the width. The area is 40 sq m . Find
the length and the width.
2. The length of a corridor is twice its width. The width is doubled and the length is
increased by 5 m in order to triple the area of the corridors. Find the dimensions
of the corridor.
Compare your answers with those in the Answer key. If you got all the answers
correct, CONGRATULATIONS! You did well in the lesson and can proceed to the next
lesson. If not, you need to go over the same lesson and take note of the mistakes
committed. It pays to have a second look.
14
Lesson 4 Using Special Products and Factoring in Solving Problems
Involving Triangles
Exploration
Let us recall the definition, parts and formula to find the area of a triangle.
Area of a triangle
Area = one-half the product of its base and height:
1
A bh
2
Read and understand the procedure of solving the problem that follows.
Problem 1. The height of a triangular flag is twice its base. The area of the flag is 81 sq cm.
Find the base and the height.
2x
15
Area is 81 sq m.
1
Equation: 81 = ½ (x)(2x) A bh
2
Solve: 81 = x2
x2 = 81
2
x – 81 = 0
(x – 9)(x + 9) = 0
x–9=0;x+9=0
x = 9 ; x = -9
x = 9 cm is the base
2x = 2(9) = 18 cm is the height
Therefore, the base and height of the flag are 9 cm and 18 cm respectively.
Problem 2. The height of a triangular garden is equal to its base. The area covered by the
garden is 50 sq m. How long is the base of the garden?
50 sq m
x
16
Compare your answer with mine.
My answer:
1
Equation: 50 = ½ (x)(x) A bh
2
Solve: 50 = ½ (x)(x)
50 = ½ x2
2(50) = 2(1/2x2)
100 = x2
2
x – 100 = 0
(x – 10)(x + 10) = 0
x – 10 = 0 ; x + 10 = 0
x = 10 ; x = -10 is rejected
x = 10 m is the base
50 ? ½ (10)(10)
100
50 ?
2
50 = 50
Self-check 4
17
Solve the following problems.
1. The height of a triangle is thrice the base. The area of the triangle is 24 sq units.
Find the base and height of the triangle.
2. The base of triangular pond is one-half the height. The area of the pond is 25 sq
m. Find the base and the height of the pond.
Compare your answers with those in the Answer key. If you got all the answers correct,
CONGRATULATIONS! You did well in the lesson and can proceed to the next lesson. If not,
you need to go over the same lesson and take note of the mistakes committed. It pays to
have a second look.
a. Special
9 c. techniques
products and factoring 11 are important tools for
b. 10 d. 12
solving equations. These mathematical methods provide you with
patterns that can be used in solving practical problems. Number
2. The length
relations of a corridor
and finding is four
dimensions of times its width.
enclosed figuresItsare
area
justisfew
100ofsq m. How
the
manylong is the corridor?
problem situations that need mathematical manipulation.
a. 5m c. 20m
b. 10m d. 100m
3. The area of a square glass top is 4m 2. What is the length of one side of
the glass top?
a. 1m c. 3m
b. 2m d. 4m
What to do after (Posttest)
4. One number is 3 less than the other. The sum of the number multiplied
by the larger equals 35. What is the smaller number?
Take the following posttest.
a. 5 c. 3
b. 4 d. 2
5. The height of a triangle is three more than twice the base. The area of
the triangle is 45 sq units. What is the height of the triangle?
18
a. 15 c. 3
b. 12 d. 2
Answer Key on page 22
Answer Key
Pretest page 3
1. a 4. b
2. d 5. c
3. c
1. x2 + (x + 4)2 = 40
19
x2 + x2 +8x + 16 = 40
2x2 + 8x + 16 – 40 = 0
2x2 + 8x – 24 = 0
2(x2 + 4x – 12) = 0
2(x + 6)(x – 2) = 0
2 = 0; x + 6 = 0; x – 2 = 0
x = -6; x = 2
If x = -6
x+ 4 = -6 + 4 = -2
If x = 2
x+ 4 = 2 + 4 = 6
Therefore the numbers are -6 and -2 and 4 and 6.
2. x2 – 25 = 24
x2 – 25 – 24 = 0
x2 – 49 = 0
x2 – 72 = 0
(x – 7)(x + 7) = 0
x – 7 = 0; x + 7 = 0
x = 7; x = -7
Therefore, the numbers are 7 and -7.
1. 64 = x2
x2 = 64
2
x – 64 = 0
x2 – 82 = 0
(x – 8)(x + 8) = 0
x – 8 = 0; x + 8 = 0
x = 8 ; x = -8 rejected
Therefore, the side of the bulletin board is 8 ft.
2. 169 = x2
x2 = 169
x2 – 169 = 0
x2 – 132 = 0
(x – 13)(x + 13) = 0
x – 13 = 0; x + 13 = 0
x = 13 ; x = -13 rejected
Therefore, the field has a side of 13 m.
1. x(x + 3) = 40
x2 + 3x – 40 = 0
20
( x + 8)(x – 5) = 0
x+8=0;x–5=0
x = -8; x = 5
x = -8 is rejected
x = 5 m is the width
x + 3 = 8 m is the length
Therefore, the rectangle measures 5 m by 8 m.
2. 2x(2x + 5) = 3x(2x)
4x2 + 10x = 6x2
6x2 = 4x2 + 10x
2 2
6x – 4x – 10x = 0
2x2 – 10x = 0
2x(x – 5) = 0
2x = 0 ; x – 5 = 0
x = 0; x = 5
x = 0 is rejected
x = 5 m is the width
2x = 2 x 5 = 10 m is the length
Therefore, the corridor is 5 m wide and 10 metres long.
1. ½(x)(3x) = 24
3x2/2 = 24
2(3x2/2) = 2(24)
3x2 = 48
3x2 – 48 = 0
3 (x2 – 16) = 0
3(x – 4)(x + 4) = 0
3 = 0; x – 4 = 0; x + 4 = 0
x = 4; x = -4 is rejected
x = 4 units is the base
3x = 3(4) = 12 units is the height
Therefore, the base and height of the triangle are 4 and 12 respectively.
2. ½ (1/2 x )(x) = 25
x2/4 = 25
4(x2/4) = 4(25)
x2 = 100
2
x – 100 = 0
(x – 10)(x + 10) = 0
x – 10 = 0; x + 10 = 0
x = 10; x = -10 is rejected
x = 10 m is the height
½ x = ½(10) = 5 m is the base
Therefore, the base and height of the pond are 5 m and 10 m respectively.
21
Posttest page 19
1. b 4. d
2. c 5. a
3. b
END OF MODULE
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Fuller, Gordon. (1977). College algebra. 4th ed. New York, NY: Van Nostrand Company.
Leithold, Louis. (1989). College algebra. USA: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Inc.
22
Mckeague, C.P. (1990). Intermediate slgebra: A text/workbook. 3rd ed. USA: Harcourt
Brace Jovanovich, Inc.
23