Technical Textile-Class-2

Prof. Dr. Abu Bakr Siddique, Dean FATE BUFT 1

 Composition of Textile Fibers

All substances (not just textile materials) are

constructed out of about 118 basic chemical elements.
The smallest individual component in chemistry is the
atom. Atoms build up a molecule and molecules build
up the basic building blocks of chemical compounds.
The most important atoms in fiber-forming materials
are Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), Nitrogen (N), Sulphur
(S) and Silicon (Si).

Prof. Dr. Abu Bakr Siddique, Dean FATE BUFT 2

 Technical Fibers
Technical fibers are the fibers which are used in
technical purpose. It is the emergence of the so-
called high performance fibers that has provided
some evolution of technical textiles. Most of the
technical fibers are synthetic fibers.
Many of them have been modified and tailored
to highly specific end-uses by adjustment of
their tenacity, length, fineness, surface profile,
finish and even by their combination into hybrid
and bicomponent products.
Prof. Dr. Abu Bakr Siddique, Dean FATE BUFT 3
 Technical Fibers
Technical fibers are used for value added products
like auto, ship, airbus and other valuable technical
textiles.
Different fibers which are used in making technical
textiles are as follows:
•Natural Fibers.
•Viscose rayon
•Polyamide and Polyester.
•Polyolefins
•High performance fibers
Prof. Dr. Abu Bakr Siddique, Dean FATE BUFT 4
 Characteristics of HP Fibers
• High strength and high modulus
• High chemical- and combustion-resistant
• Good conductivity of heat and electricity.
• Withstand from fatigue & deterioration
• Resistance from wear, tears, and plastic
deformation.
• High work of rapture
• High dimensional stability
• Good vibration damping
• Low density
• Low heat expansion
• Low Flammability
• Ballistic, water, weather, wind
• insulation,
Prof. Dr. Abu Bakr Siddique, Dean FATE BUFT 5
 Classification of high performance fibers.
• Aramid fiber
o Meta-Aramid (m-AR)
o Para-Aramid (p-AR)
o Copolymer from para aramid (cp-AR)
• Carbon fiber
• Isotrope fiber (Pech)
• Ansotrope fiber (PAN)
• Glass fiber
A to S Class glass fibers according end uses
• Poly propylene and High density polypropylene
(HDPP)
• Ceramic fiber
• Metal fiber
Prof. Dr. Abu Bakr Siddique, Dean FATE BUFT 6
Classification of high performance fibers.

Prof. Dr. Abu Bakr Siddique, Dean FATE BUFT 7

 Classify high performance fibers.

Rubber fiber: A fiber composed of natural or synthetic rubber; used to make

elastic yarn for clothing as well as in technical textiles.

Prof. Dr. Abu Bakr Siddique, Dean FATE BUFT 8

BGMEA University of Fashion
and Technology (BUFT)

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Tensile Properties of HP Fibers

Prof. Dr. Abu Bakr Siddique, Dean FATE BUFT 10

 What is bi/multi-component fiber

Bi-component: Bi-component fiber is comprised of two or

more polymers of different chemical and / or physical
properties extruded from the same spinneret with both/all
polymers within the same filament.

Prof. Dr. Abu Bakr Siddique, Dean FATE BUFT 11

 Uses of bi/multi-component fiber
• Different melting points on the sides of the fiber are
taken advantage of when fibers are used as bonding
fibers in thermally bonded non-woven webs.
• Side-by-side fibers are generally used as self-
crimping fibers
• Fibers are widely used as bonding fibers in
Nonwoven industry.
• The fine fibers produced by this method are used in
synthetic leather, specialty wipes, ultra-high
filtration media, artificial arteries and many other
specialized applications.
Prof. Dr. Abu Bakr Siddique, Dean FATE BUFT 12
 Aramid fibers
Aramid fibers are a class of heat-resistant, ballistic
proof and strong synthetic fibers. The name is a
portmanteau of "aromatic polyamide".

Uses of these fibers are: Aramid fiber

•Aerospace and military applications
•Bullet proof jacket
•Heat-resistant fire fighting clothing
•Tires
•Composites.
Prof. Dr. Abu Bakr Siddique, Dean FATE BUFT 13
 Structure of para Aramid fiber.

Fiber-axis

Prof. Dr. Abu Bakr Siddique, Dean FATE BUFT 14