Use Handwriting Analysis INSTANTLY

100+ Handwriting Analysis Traits

Illustrated and Described
Use Handwriting Analysis
INSTANTLY
100+ Handwriting Analysis Traits
Illustrated and Described

By Dr. Erika Margarethe

Karohs
Use Handwriting Analysis
INSTANTLY

100+ Handwriting Traits

Illustrated and Described
 By Erika M. Karohs, Ph. D., Ed. D.

Copyright © 2012 Erika M.

Karohs, Pebble Beach, CA
Cover pricture © Fotosearch.com
 Note

The author and publisher specifically

disclaim any responsibility or liability
for damage, injury, or any harm
to
persons, property, or product, whether
direct or indirect, or occurring in any
way as a result of use of or reference to
this document.
There is no warranty of any kind to the
information given. Great effort has
been made to provide correct and useful
information, but any use is at
the reader’s risk.
By reading this book or using the
information provided, you agree that
there is no recourse available regarding
liability. If you do not agree, please do
not read further. Reading or using
the
information contained herein constitutes
agreement with the stated liability
conditions.
The author may make improvements or
changes at any time and without notice.
These changes will be incorporated in
new editions of this publication.
TABLE OF CONTENTS

A Word of Welcome 1

Acquisitiveness 2

Aggressiveness, hostile 3

Analytical thinking 4

Argumentative 5

Attention, desire for 6

Bluff 8

Broadmindedness 8
Caution 9

Clannishness 10

Comprehensive thinking 12

Concentration 13

Confusion 15

Creativity 16

Cultural interests 17

Cumulative thinking 19

Daydreaming 21

Deceptiveness 22
Decisiveness 23

Defiance 24

Deliberateness 26

Details, attention to 28

Determination 30

Dignity 31

Diplomacy 33

Directness 34

Dominating 36

Domineering 38
Enthusiasm 39

Evasiveness 40

Exaggeration 42

Extravagance 43

Fatalism 45

Fluidity of thinking 46

Frankness 48

Generosity 49

Goals 50

Goals high: 51
 Goals medium: 52

Goals low: 52

Humor 53

Imagination, abstract 54

Imagination, material 56

Impatience 57

Inattention to details 58

Indecisiveness 59

Independent thinking 61

Individualism (Idiosyncrasy) 62
Initiative 63

Intuition 65

Investigative thinking 67

Irritability 68

Jealousy 70

Literary leanings 71

Loyalty 73

Manual dexterity 74

Mental orientation 75

Narrow-mindedness 77
Need for involvement 79

Optimism 80

Organizational ability 82

Originality 83

Ostentation 85

Persistence 86

Pessimism 87

Physical energy and

emotional memory 89

Pressure heavy 89
 Pressure medium 90

Pressure light 91

Physical orientation 93

Positiveness 95

Precision 96

Pride 97

Procrastination 99

Repression 100

Resentment 102

Responsibility, desire for 103

Responsiveness 105

Right slant 105

Vertical slant 106

Left slant 107

Reticence 108

Sarcasm 110

Secretiveness 111

Selectiveness 112

Self-castigation 114

Self-confidence 116
Self-consciousness 117

Self-control 119

Self-deceit 120

Self-reliance 121

Sensitiveness to criticism 122

Sensuousness 124

Shallow purpose 125

Showmanship 127

Simplification 128

Stubbornness 129
Superficial thinking 131

Talkativeness 132

Temper 134

Tenacity 135

Vanity 137

Willpower 140

Withdrawal 141

Yieldingness 145

Where to go from here 147

1
Use Handwriting Analysis
Instantly
100+ Handwriting Analysis Traits
Illustrated and Described
A Word of Welcome
I want to welcome you the study of
Use Handwriting Analysis Instantly.
You have some exciting learning
experiences ahead, starting with the
first page of the book. You are going
to explore how people express many
things about themselves in their
handwriting.
A word of caution. Handwriting does
not tell everything. It does not reveal a
person’s past or predict the future. It
does not forecast what problems,
challenges or opportunit i e s a
person
will face.
It does tell how people think, reach
decisions, plan and organize activities,
ho w they look at the world, and
what they want to make of their
lives. It reveals how diligently people
work and what kind of job they would
do best. It makes known how they
relate to other people and how they
feel about their family, friends and
strangers. It even exposes moods, fears
and defenses.
This book will help you to analyze
your own important traits. You will
discover your succ e s s attributes.
What are the
conflicts that badger you and hold you
back? How can you reduce tension and
handle every-day stresses with greater
ease?
From now on, you’ll be able “read”
other people’s writing and deal
with them as individuals, thereby
establishing rapport and putting both of
you at ease. Once you are able to
recognize the differences between
yourself and others, you can adapt to
them. You will feel much less
vulnerable because you understand
your own and others’ strengths and
weaknesses.
W i t h Use Handwriting Analysis
Instantly you will acquire a skill that
will amaze most people. You will learn
things that very few individuals know.
The best to you in every aspect of your
life!
Dr. E. M. Karohs
Acquisitiveness
Initial hooks on letters and
words indicate acquisitiveness.

Trait description:
The writer has the desire to acquire, to
possess and gain more than he needs or
deserves. Possessions make him feel
secure. Acquisitiveness may pertain
to material things, people, knowledge or
property.
The craving for possessions is often a
defense against anxiety. The need for
affection is repressed to such a degree
that it no longer appears on the surface
while the fear of rebuff is so great that
it prevents the writer from letting
others know that he aches for some
form of attention.
The longing for material things then momentarily or permanently
takes it place. To compensate for his lack of self-worth, the writer
clings to material things which provide a measure of status or
security.
Aggressiveness, hostile
Lower zone upstrokes breaking away
with a sharp angle toward the right
stand for hostile aggressiveness.

Trait
description
The writer does not trust people. He
takes it for granted that everyone is
ho s t i l e . He tends to start fights
and quarrels and makes unproved
attacks. He wants to defeat others, even
people who have no intention of
attacking him.

The writer fights too many battles, even

for things he does not really want.
He
needs other people as victims. Without
mentioning what is really bothering
him, he may pick a fight. He seems to
believe that the best defense in any
given situation is attack. When a
superior adversary beats him, he
overreacts with rage, frustration and
humiliation.
Analytical thinking
Angles at the base of middle zone
letters testify to the writer's analytical
ability.
Trait description
The writer is analytically minded.
He wants to understand cause and
effect. He feels he must analyze
everything about a given situation,
even if he is familiar with it. He gets
irritated with apparent inconsistencies.
Especially in situations that are
unfamiliar, the writer needs to know the
why to each question. He dislikes yes
a n d n o answers; he wants
complete information with all figures
and facts, and he wants to reflect upon
everything until he fully comprehends
all data.
The writer expects others to be equally thorough and logical. He
wants to know the reasons behind their statements. (He does not want
to be told that a product will pay for itself. He wants to know exactly
why and how it will be useful to him and how it will be saving him
money.)
It is useless to rush the writer. He insists on figuring things out for
himself and
resents other people trying to do his
thinking for him. Since such analysis
takes time, he is often slow to arrive at
conclusions.
The writer enjoys research and
investigation. In analytical work he
excels. But his tendency to process old
facts “just one more time” can be very
trying for others who are less
analytical than he is.
Argumentative
Lower case p's extending into the
upper zone indicate argumentativeness.
Trait description:
The writer is prone to argue and dispute.
He quarrels easily with friends and
partners and is often unreasonable. Any
misunderstanding with this person will
be extremely verbal. Being contradicted
may undermine his confidence and can
make him defensive and argumentative.
He does not like to be told he is wrong
even when he is. Being right is very
important to him.
This person can b e very difficult to get along with when he
refuses to back down from an argument. His argumentativeness can
work against him if others grow weary of his constant verbal
fencing.
Attention, desire for
Long, upward curving finals that
extend above the middle zone show the
desire for attention.

Trait description:
The writer has an excessive need for
attention from others. He wants to
attract notice at wants to be liked and
fussed
over, and he wants to attract notice at
any cost. Without acknowledgment he
is unable to appreciate himself as a
worthy human being. He feels
worthless and insecure.
The writer wants to be told over and
over that others approve of him. But
regardless of the attention he gets,
he always needs more. He is
never satisfied, and the painful feeling
of deprivation persists.
Every very time he is not the center of
attention, he feels unworthy and
insignificant. Deep-seated feelings of
inadequacy drive him to seek extra
acknowledgment all of the time, and
more when he is under stress.
The writer may act obnoxiously
when being ignored. He may go to
great lengths to arouse others’ pity or
protective instincts. H e may pose as a
martyr to the family, overstressing
his slavish devotion as a breadwinner
(or housewife). He fails to realize that
his annoying behavior tends to make
him
unwelcome in any
group.
The writer ’s need for attention
makes him an easy target for
manipulative flatterers who may use
his weakness to their own advantage.
Bluff
Excessively heavy downstrokes
demonstrate bluff. (Bluff may also
be shown by ostentatious letter
formations, especially in the signature.)

Trait description:
The writer tries to overcome inner
feelings of inadequacy through
an
exaggerated show of strength or power.
He wants to appear more confident and
successful than he actually is. He may
try to frighten by threats that he cannot
make good.
Inwardly, he feels inferior to
other people. His greatest fear is that
someone will see through the façade
and detect his insecurities. He makes a
great effort to hide feelings o f
inferiority and conceal the sense of
inner helplessness. He puts up a false
front to keep others from seeing him as
he really is.
The writer tries to make a first
impression that is not true. Because he
feels inadequate, he puts on a show of
extra determination for all to see. He
uses this form of pretense to handle
threatening situations without losing
face.
Broadmindedness
Well-rounded e's demonstrate
broadmindedness. This is supported by
open loops in the upper zone.

Trait description:
T he writer is tolerant of other people's
opinions and beliefs. He lacks prejudice
or bias in regard to the ideas and
attitudes of others. He is easy-going and
apt to ignore slight departures from
accepted social norms or
conventional behavior.

The writer enjoys listening to

unorthodox views. His ideas are more
moderate, and he has a broader
outlook on life. He can handle
unfamiliar concepts without feeling
threatened. He considers them
willingly, either
accepting them or rejecting them,
according to their usefulness. He is as
tolerant of others’ viewpoints as he
expects them to be of his.
Since the writer is less likely to
become upset, he is more pleasant to
live with. He does not expect others to
behave as he does. He accepts
situations more readily without passing
judgment. He looks beyond the small
irritations of the moment and is more
open to compromise.
Broadmindedness is not an unmixed
blessing; it can be carried to excess,
meaning that the person is prepared
to see too many sides of a question.
Caution
Long straight final strokes at the end
of l i n e s . w o r d s or signatures
manifest caution.

Trait description:
The writer is prudent in regard to
danger and careful to minimize risk to
himself. He examines carefully all the
circumstances that may affect an action,
judgment or behavior before
becoming
involved. Before moving into action he
will weigh the pros and cons.

The writer proceeds cautiously in

personal relationships and is wary about
his associations with other people. He is
careful and always on guard against
being duped.
The writer wants to do things
“just right.” Caution is his catchword.
He double checks as a matter of
course. Such circumspection is valuable
in hazardous situations. He can be
trusted to handle dangerous equipment
carefully.
Caution is a drawback in
circumstances demanding an instant
response. To other people he may
appear unnecessarily hesitant and
afraid.
Clannishness
Small rounded or squared-off loops at
the bottom of downstrokes expose
clannishness.

Trait description:
Clannishness is a defense trait related
to a less than adequate self-concept.
Jealousy and self-consciousness are
strong components of it. It is an
unconscious part of the writer’s
character which affects every area of
his personality.
The writer feels the need to retreat from
normal relations to protect his ego.
Hampered by fears he has little
freedom in choosing friends or
associates. Instead, he tends to
associate closely with chosen members
of a special group. He sometimes limits
them to one or two. H e is very loyal
to these friends, but also very
possessive of them; they will not be
shared.
Members of the group gain security from clinging to each other. They
avoid interpersonal rivalry, hostility and competition. Members
conform to the rules and no one dares to move separately or
apart.
Since they feel weak alone, they lean on
each other for the strength they do not
have. Their pseudo-solidarity hides
their fears from others so that, to a
degree, they appear successful to the
outside.
Clannishness is not always apparent. It
may be camouflaged by a casual
interest in many people. The person
may be an excellent mixer; he may
even the life of a group. He may be well
accepted in business circles and active
in organizations. But these
relationships are superficial. As a
rule, he tends to seek activities that do
not require many participants. In fact,
he may be satisfied
to have only one person at any one
period in his life in whom he confides
and with whom he shares his special
interests.
Comprehensive
thinking
Upright, needle-like points on middle
zone letters, usually m’s and n’s, show
comprehensive thinking. They can also
occur on other formations, usually h’s.
The sharper the point, the keener is the
writer’s comprehension.
Trait description:
The writer has a quick mind and immediate perception.
He acquires
knowledge quickly and assimilates it
with what he knows in order to put it to
immediate and profitable use. Labored
explanations are not necessary for
him; he gets the point very quickly and
frequently grasps the whole argument
before the speaker has finished the
preamble. Al though he moves
quickly from one topic to another, it is
not in a superficial way.
The writer is able to “think on his feet”
and moves from one subject to another
with great speed. He can outthink others
and concludes, almost before the
facts are in. He sums up situations
swiftly and seems to have the
answers before the questions
are asked. Lengthy explanations
make him nervous and people who take
longer to process their thoughts irritate
him. He may second- guess or try to
hurry them along.
Because of his perceptive mind and his
desire to get to the next item, he often
interrupts slower people. One of his pet
phrases will be, “Get to the
point.”
The writer functions to advantage where
time is at a premium or where fast
decisions are needed. He would do well
in emergency surgery,
transportation, fire fighting or
communication. Fast paced work gives
him the feeling of being in the right
place.
Concentration
Small legible writing (less than 3 mm
in the middle zone) corroborates the
ability to concentrate.

Trait description:
The writer has a long attention span,
and he cannot be sidetracked. He can
focus exclusively upon a task and
exclude all
distracting influences. He can take a
line of thought and follow it through
from beginning to end. He is mentally
patient and able to concentrate for long
periods of time.
Having to deal with more than one job
is extremely unsettling for this
individual. He feels best when he can
devote uninterrupted focus on one
assignment at a time. His power of
concentration is so well developed that
he may appear like an “absent-minded
professor.”
The writer prefers a private place, a
sanctuary, where he can be alone
to
ponder a problem. He finds it difficult
to refocus after being disturbed. His
whole mind is focused on one thing and
whatever intrudes on his consciousness
comes as a disturbance rather than
an impression. It is very important to
him to have all the basic rules and
directions before he starts working, so
he does not have to interrupt himself
later to return for further instructions.
Being interrupted it very irritating once
he has settled in to work. This can be a
major area of misunderstandings in
relationships or work situations where
interruptions are
the rule.

As a rule, the writer ’s interests

and activities are not directly involved
with people. He might pass someone
without seeing him because his mind
is fully preoccupied. When he is in a
group it is difficult for him to carry on
a conversation with two or three people
at
once. He pays attention to them one at
a time.
Concentration may by used as a
defense. When such an individual
develops emotional problems, he may
well use his powers of concentration to
shut out the world of reality. This
makes it difficult for others to reach
him in his mental retreat.
Concentration may al so ser ve s an
escape from the discomfort of
interpersonal relationships.
People with strong concentration adjust
more easily to restricted places. They
likely prefer working by themselves in
a in small cubicle rather than in large
office with lots of coworkers.
Concentration is intensified analytical
thinking, mental orientation, or
cumulative thinking.
Confusion
Entangled upper and lower zone loops
manifest confusion.

Trait description:
The writer has a disorderly mind. He
lives an unscheduled life and fails to
distinguish between important
and
unimportant ideas and things. With
poor self-directive ability he plans
poorly and has scattered interests. He
tries to crowd too many projects into
his working day and deadlines are
frequently missed.
He suffers from scattered, unresolved
thinking and his mind is not easily
directed toward one activity for a longer
period of time. He reacts impulsively to
stimuli and is easily distracted.
When something new claims his
attention, he easily forgets the
originally scheduled task. Projects
begun with great enthusiasm are often
left unfinished because he loses
interest or is sidetracked by something
new.
In social situations, the writer may be
tactless and inconsiderate. He in
inclined to invade the personal sphere
of other people without giving it a
second
thought.
The writer spends much time
worrying a b o u t unfinished work.
He wastes mental energies and is
setting himself up for defeat.
Creativity
Creativity is shown through original
letters forms.

Trait description:
The writer is highly creative. Full of
original ideas, he can create
without precedent. His mind functions
ingeniously, reaching conclusions that
are not the norm. He probably
enjoys
work that tests his imagination
and inventiveness. He would not be
satisfied to stay with a job he hates or
is bored with.
The writer has an original approach to
things; he puts his personal stamp on
whatever he does. Adding creative
thinking to his work, he looks for
ingenious solutions to problems. He
is willing to experiment with the
unknown. He may be skilled in
presenting old ideas in new and
innovative form.
The writer ’s thinking usually runs along surprisingly creative,
imaginative lines. His problem solving ability could be a real asset
when dealing with emergencies and the unexpected.
His creativity may be expressed in small ways or on a larger scale.
Beyond personal applications, he may use this
trait to originate new product designs,
an architectural drawing, or a new
marketing strategy. His imagination is
triggered wherever the need for new
applications exists. Having creative
leanings himself, the writer can easily
relate to people in creative endeavors.
Cultural interests
Greek letter ε formations indicate
cultural interests.

Trait description:
Cultural interests do not necessarily
indicate talent for the artistic field. It
is an awareness and emotional reaction
within the individual. The writer has a
desire for culture and good taste, and
in
his manner, speech and character, he is
instinctively refined.

The writer abhors coarseness and

vulgarity. Beauty in all its forms moves
him emotionally. He has a real
feeling for harmony and wants things
to feel “right” in every area of his
life. He
desires elegant living, gracious forms,
gentle manners, and pleasant
surroundings. He loves gracefulness
in all its forms and quality and
atmosphere are essential.
The writer possesses a deep
appreciation for all that is beautiful
in art and nature. He senses beauty and
reacts to it. He yearns to surround
himself with items that are pleasing and
appeal to him. He wants to keep his
environment harmonious and
decorative. If he is also creative, this
will be even more significant.
The writer's taste is highly developed
and he has a great sense of order and
proportion. He wants things in the right
place, in balance with their
environment. He wants to be part of an
attractive world. When the setting is
right, he can be more enthusiastic about
his duties while unpleasant
surroundings have a negative effect on
his productivity. Anything clumsy,
jarring, coarse, blatant, uncouth and
basically inelegant is distasteful to him.
The writer feels disharmony keenly.
Dirty and unpleasant environs upset
him
very much. Shrill sounds, garish colors,
offensive odors, rough fabrics, harsh
lights, vulgarity, dirt and disorder affect
him physically. Coarser people upset
and irritate him. Physical things such
as perspiration, sweaty clothes, or body
odor, are especially distasteful to him.
As a rule, the writer prefers the
company of people who gravitate
toward interests similar to his own. He
cherishes gentle moments shared with
special friends. He enjoys dining in a
graceful atmosphere. Beauty and
harmony are essential for his enjoyment
of life.
For intimate o r sexual encounters,
he wants all things in harmony. (He
wants a clean bed and a well-
decorated room. He must be
approached lovingly and may then
joyfully participate in making love. He
wants sex to be gracefully
accomplished. The partner especially
should avoid any arguments throughout
the preceding day.)
The writer's dislikes absorb his
emotions as much as his likes. He may
feel strongly against a situation strictly
because of its loathsomeness. When he
feels upset, he will do anything that
will
restore the harmony he needs in his
life. He may go so far as to withdraw
from situations that are disagreeable or
offensive to him.
The writer loves cultural pastimes and
is more likely to seek his recreation in a
museum or at a concert in the park
than at a football game.
Wherever refinement counts
professionally or personally, the writer
works to advantage. He could be an
importer dealing in exquisite furniture
or art objects. As a cook, he m a y
be particular about the appearance of
what
he serves. He would need an occupation
which is of a more protected nature and
stresses quality.
Cumulative thinking
Well-rounded, flat-topped letters in the
middle zone denote methodical or
cumulative thinking.

Trait description:
The writer thinks methodically and
ponderously and is systematic in
processing information. He solves
problems by accumulating facts in
an orderly manner. His decisions are
made slowly and carefully. He wants
to be certain of his answers, but they
are not arrived at quickly. He needs
time to mentally work things through.
The writer feels insecure when he has to rush; he reasons most
effectively when he can proceed at his own speed.
Attacking one problem at a time, he is
concerned with the whole process and
each step involved. His conclusions are
carefully thought out and usually
accurate.
The writer feels greatly pressured when
other people want him to speed up, or
when time limits are assigned to him.
He becomes very frustrated when he is
forced to work with faster
thinking individuals. Given enough
time, he usually does well on tests,
because he prepares for them carefully.
Under time pressure his mind tends to
go blank.
The writer has a slower pace of learning
until he comprehends all the facts. But
while his mind absorbs more slowly, he
rarely forgets what he has learned.
Once he understands the new
information, he has the knowledge
almost for the rest of his life.
The writer functions best where he can
proceed at his own speed. He fits well
into long range planning, research,
farming and computer work, as long
as these jobs provide enough time for
preparation, research and thought.
Cumulative thinkers are usually
have good manual and finger dexterity.
Many of these writers are
mechanically inclined or ambidextrous.
Daydreaming
T-bars floating above the stem
verify daydreaming.

Trait description:
The writer's goals are illusory. He is
unrealistic about his abilities and
aptitudes. Too eager to get ahead he
fails to develop the current level fully
before considering new goals. He
scatters his energies to such a degree
that he rarely makes his dreams a
reality.
The writer has a superficial interest in
intellectual pursuits. Others may see
him “with his head in the clouds.” He
gets lost in daydreams when faced
with a problem or with a project that
does not interest him. He dream of what
he could accomplish “if only...” He
devotes little time and effort to practical
tasks.
Daydreaming can be an escape
that
provides the writer with an
undemanding form of activity which
yields considerable ego satisfaction. He
may revert to this defense when
he is frustrated or under stress. Not
wanting to face the harsh realities of
life, he uses fantasy as a means of
escape. He may daydream of release
from home ties and job duties and
having to confront situations in real life.
Daydreaming is an escape into ideals,
expectations. or hopes that may never
materialize.
Daydreams can be costly to the writer. When faced with problems,
he slips into more pleasant daydreams and lives in a world of
wishful thinking without pressure. He tries to delude himself with
fantasies. In the meantime, however, he
avoids, postpones and aborts productive
activity.
Deceptiveness
Oval structures with double loops
overlapping each other reveal
deceptiveness.
(Rather than basing a conclusion of
deceptiveness on one handwriting
indicator, it should be supported by
other signs of dishonesty in the
handwriting.)

The writer is an individual who

deliberately defrauds and cheats. He
intentionally tries to mislead those with
whom he deals. He obscures his real
intent from others, he misrepresents
and intends to deceive. Evading the
truth he lives in a web of lies and
deception.
The writer cannot be trusted to act in
good faith. There exists a real risk in
dealing with him. His leading
motivation is for private gain or for
personal advantages at others’ e xpense.
He lacks moral fortitude and may be
pretending to be what he is not. In order
to protect himself, he may be saying
one thing and
doing another. He may be using
excuses or alibis to save face or avoid
liability.

The writer is liable to defraud others to

achieve his own ends. He may be
double-dealing and indifferent toward
social norms of morality.
Others often tend to be uneasy around
this individual. They c a n sense
his
insincerity.
Decisiveness
Firm final strokes (retaining pressure,
not thinning out) disclose decisiveness.

Trait description:
The writer has the ability to make up
his mind and is seldom uncertain where
he stands. He forms definite opinions
and comes to positive results. He
depends upon himself for his
conclusions. He
begins the decision-making process by
comparing alternatives. He
subsequently chooses the solution
which, in his opinion, promises the best
result.

The writer does this automatically.

When a decision needs to be made, he
relies on past experiences and on his
own thinking ability to make the
right
choice.
Instead of vacillating, the writer
terminates a problem situation or
controversy. He is willing to accept the
consequences if his decision should
prove to be wrong. In situations that
demand instant solutions, this is a
blessing. Given a job to do, he will do it
without returning time and again for
advice.
The writer ’s talents are best suited
for professions where success depends
on instant conclusions, such as head of
an
emergency room, or a commodities
broker on the floor of the stock
exchange, for example.
Defiance
If the k-buckle is larger than other
middle zone letters, defiance is
indicated. The larger the k-buckle, the
stronger is the trait.

Trait description:
The writer openly shows contempt for
authority and refuses to be hemmed in
or ordered about. He has an
unreasonable
need to oppose others and to have his
own way. What he conceives as
pressure, he resists. The moment he
thinks he is coerced his guard goes
up and he fights back. There is nothing
for him to negotiate. He specifically
looks for ways to criticize and oppose
people in authority, and he is
especially rebellious when he feels
insecure. He is likely to be troublesome
without a cause and he becomes
angry when others ignore his
antagonism.
People in authority and what they stand for annoy him; restrictions
imposed by job or family are especially offensive to
him. He expects the rest of the world to
do all the adjusting to him and he
refuses to admit that he could be wrong.
The need to oppose has become the
writer ’s habitual response. He
goes against people’s wishes just for
spite if he assumes they are trying to
push him around. Ironically, he often
defies them in ways which injure
himself.
The writer may show defiance by
passive means. That is, he shows
resistance not so much in direct
opposition but by failing to do what is
expected of him. Instead of opposing a
suggestion outright, he obstructs it
through procrastination, inefficiency or
stubbornness. He fails to realize that
this is a self-defeating defense. To
thwart authority, he refuses to function
effectively. He obstructs his own
opportunities and turns away from what
he really wants and needs. His hatred
for authority cripples his freedom to
achieve and he stands in the way of
his own progress much of the time.
The writer finds it nearly impossible
to work cooperatively. People who
sense his defiance are likely to resist in
return. Thus he discourages those who
would be on his side and basically
would be willing to support him.
IMPORTANT! With two partners
high in defiance, sex will be one of the
main areas in which the trait is
activated. If one of them feels
pressured, he will resist. The partner,
then, will respond in kind. The result is
misunderstanding, depression and
doubt.
Deliberateness
Separated stems on t's and d's reveal
deliberateness.

Trait description:
The writer lives and works at his own
leisurely pace. He weighs carefully and
unhurriedly in his mind the probable
consequences of an act. He is very
circumspect and does not like to be
rushed. But once his mind is made
up and he has decided upon a
particular goal, he cannot be
sidetracked. He does not waste time
with false starts. Rather than having to
begin over again, he takes his time and
gets things right the first time around.
The writer prefers to work in a relaxed
and unhurried atmosphere. Few things
disturb his tranquility He lives and
works at his own leisurely pace, and he
will not be rushed or pushed by anyone.
If others try to rush him, he will listen
patiently and pleasantly, but he will not
act until he makes up his mind it is the
right move.
The writer ’s personal life
corresponds to his basic speed. He is
slow to establish contacts and dislikes
being rushed into a relationship. He
wants a partner to grow on him.
For sex, he needs a mate who does not
pressure him. He likes to love leisurely
and have the time to enjoy. He wants to
have sex at his own speed (and in his
own bed or in surroundings that are
familiar and relaxing to him.)
The writer would function best in
occupations that allow him to set his
own pace. Plant and animal farming,
gardening, weather observing,
archeology, or research work would be
satisfactory to him.
Details, attention to
Carefully dotted i's and j's prove the
writer's close attention to details. The
closer and more accurately the dot is
placed above the letter, the stronger the
trait.

Trait description:
The writer habitually places emphasis
upon details. He carefully observes fine
points, particulars and specifications.
Details are his main concern and he
seldom overlooks little things. He
emphasizes the proper handling of
details in all assignments, both by
others and himself.
Accuracy and precision are his forte.
Small details do not upset him as long
as he can carry out a job in his
own exacting way. In written
communications, he likely is
particular. He observes punctuation
and penmanship as well as sentence
structure and style.
The writer is observant of everything in
his surroundings. (He notices whether
an item has been shifted a half-inch to
the right, or a half-inch to the left. He
could
find anything in his room in the dark, if
it has not been moved by someone else.)
The writer is not always easy to live
with. He wants tidy surroundings and
gets unsettled by trivial things. Pencils
broken, books moved on the shelf,
meals delayed, reports not in on time,
they all loom out of proportion. He
dwells on them and they make him
upset. He tends to lose sight of the big
picture by the narrowed focus on trivia.
He is concerned with details for their
own sake and they become ends in
themselves. (The writer may forgive his
mate for wrecking the car, but his
whole day may ruined because the keys
were misplaced. the writer wanted to
buy an automobile, the sales person
should make certain that everything
during the demonstration car is
perfect. The writer would be unhappy
with the whole car simply because the
windshield wiper did not work.)
The writer places great importance on the small and sentimental
and can get upset over little things. What may seem petty or
insignificant to others can be very important to him. (He probably
never forgets a birthday or anniversary and is deeply hurt if others
forget his.)
Attention to details affects the writer ’s
sex live to a large degree. He wants sex
in the proper order, after he has finished
what he was doing before. Otherwise,
he worries about little things left
undone. The partner should not
approach him while he is in the middle
of a task.
Children with attention to details
probably enjoy building things that
involve small pieces, such as a puzzle
or a computer game involving many
small components.
The writer would function to advantage
in a job where the safety of other
people depended upon detail-
mindedness. He
would work well as pharmacist,
proofreader, draftsman, cashier, jewelry
designer, o r accountant, His ability to
handle large amounts of details without
losing concentration fits him admirably
for research projects.
Determination
Straight downstrokes descending below
the baseline represent
determination. The heavier the stroke,
the stronger is the trait. The longer the
stroke, the more enduring is the trait.

Trait description:
The writer is result oriented and has
long-range action potential. Once he
decides on a goal, he can be counted on
to follow through.

The writer does not have to be prodded,

he automatically follows through. He
stays away from mental
considerations
that slow him down, block him, or
bring him into defeat. Only positive
pictures are allowed to remain in his
mind.
His habitual pattern is to keep moving
regardless of how he feels at the time.
When he is faced with an obstacle, he
takes it as an opportunity. He moves
forward, creating opportunities as he
goes along.
The writer does a thorough job in
whatever field he has chosen. He finds
it painful to do superficial work. A
dedicated worker himself, he is
distressed when others do not finish a
job according to his measure of
completion. His greatest satisfaction
comes from a job well done and from a
finished product he can be proud of.
It would be difficult for the writer to
stay retired from active life or quit
something that interests him.
Vocationally, the writer’s attitude
would be an advantage in the healing
arts, in emergency situations, in the
military, or in political and financial
enterprises. Other occupations that
require a high degree of determination
are engineering,
law, architecture, and most types of
investigative work.
With determination very high, the
writer ’s attitude may seem ruthless
to others. He appears to be concerned
with nothing but his goals. And often,
the opportunities he makes for himself,
he makes at the expense of others. He is
likely to use anyone to further his own
interests. To him, the end always
justifies the means.
Dignity
Retraced d- and t-stems suggest dignity.

Trait description:
The writer conforms to
established rules and acts according to
standards that permit self-respect. He
adheres to a code of behavior that
includes restraint and observance of
conventional protocol. Living up to
accepted standards makes him feel
secure. Making a good impression is
very important to him. Consequently,
he is inclined to do the right thing at
the correct time and in the proper way.
He usually has a subtle air of
refinement, and even the way he carries
himself proclaims a sense of decorum.
 The writer believes in moderation in everything, including
reserved and
refined behavior and good manners and
taste. His choice in clothes will likely
lean toward the conservative.
With a strong sense of propriety,
the writer has himself well in hand. His
dignity keeps him from doing anything
that would draw disapproval from
others.
The writer likes some
formality, because it denotes respect.
That means others should not call him
by a nickname unless given permission.
He is quickly turned off by forward
behavior or by anyone who exhibits
poor manners.
 While the writer may be less
exciting to be around, he can be
expected to handle most situations with
poise. Acting in accordance to what he
thinks is expected of him, he will
keep his dignity at all cost.
Diplomacy
Words or letters, which taper in size
toward the right without losing their
legibility, denote diplomacy.

Trait description:
The writer is tactful in dealing with
people. He is courteous and diplomatic.
He possesses the skill of saying the
proper thing at the right time to avoid
giving offense. He is sensitive of others’
feelings and makes situations smooth
and comfortable for all involved.
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He expresses himself in such a way as
to decrease apparent threat to others. He
is appeasing and conciliatory. He
adroitly skirts around controversial
points. He says and does what lessens
friction and prevents others from losing
face. He can appease opposing sides
and settle disagreements on the job. He
is good at smoothing things over
between irate customers in a store,
for example, or between two workers
who are at odds.
The writer gets along well with co-
workers, associates and superiors, and
he shares his ideas without
upsetting
those whose support he needs. This is a
valuable skill where feelings and egos
are involved.
With diplomacy very high, the writer
is likely to turn this quality to
his advantage. He is deferential,
obsequious, and ingratiating. People
may be put off by his unctuous
manner and obvious insincerity.
Directness
Letter formations without an
approach stroke verify directness.

Trait description:
The writer is efficient in style and
conduct and he has a desire for
efficiency and lack of waste. He is a
practical individual with a matter-of-
fact attitude. He concentrates on the
essential and quickly tells what is
important from that which is not. One
of his specialties is to simplify
complicated information so that he can
deal with it more efficiently.
The writer ’s directness is positive where a forthright
approach is needed.
His succinct style helps to move things
along. It may be a problem to those on
the receiving end. More sensitive
people may be offended when he states
his opinions point blank, seeming
brusque and insensitive.

When he is with people who need to

feel his warmth and personal
concern, his
directness works against him. His
verbal efficiency makes him sound
cold and distant. (He is more likely
to bluntly state, “Things just don’t
seem to be working out between us and
I think it would be better if we
stopped seeing each other for a
while,” than to resort to evasive
phrases in order to spare a partner’s
feelings. ) He has no time to spend on
window dressing. Clarity is his main
concern. Content is more important than
style. He wants facts and information
without embellishments. He is upset
by repetition and verbosity in
general. When he has to listen to
lengthy explanations, he tends to
become annoyed. (One of his pet
phrases is probably, “Get to the
point” .) Time is of essence to him and
he disapproves of people who hold
him back. They can expect to be
interrupted as soon as he has
comprehended what they are going to
say. He is not insensitive. It is just that
he has no time to spend on social
niceties.
Productive in his thinking, he gets
exasperated with bureaucracy and red
tape. He will not waste his energy on
superfluous matters, he uses it most
economically to benefit his work. If
something needs to be done, he
takes direct action.
The writer ’s attitude toward sex
is uncomplicated and straightforward,
too. He does not like games and
will be direct in his approach. A more
romantic partner may be frustrated by
his lack of imaginativeness.
Directness makes the individual more
efficient, whatever the job. It is an aid
in legal work, in giving military orders,
in technical work and scientific
research. It
is an advantage to administrators
and executives.
Dominating
t-bars made with a downward
movement without losing pressure (the
width of the writing stroke stay even)
identify the dominating personality.

Trait description:
The writer exercises control over others
through the force of his will. He
is
skilled at influencing others and getting
them to do things his way.
He does not like working under others.
He is much happier giving orders than
taking them. His place is in front. He
has the ability to command and
organize. He excels in delegating
responsibilities. Authority comes
easily to him and he does not seem to
question it. As far as he is concerned he
is in charge and has the final say.
If he cannot be boss, he wants at least an important position in the
group. Progress is usually guaranteed because he has a talent for
marshaling all available forces into one combined effort.
The writer is proud of his drive and his
ability to work hard. But he tries harder
than is needed, much of the time.
He pushes action rather than letting
things unfold. He is a go-getter. He
knows what he wants and will go all
out to get it All of his drives are
focused on a specific goal and nothing
matters but getting the job done.
The writer rarely thinks his way around
difficulties. He pushes through
obstacles with all the energy at his
command. He forces issues and people.
If he feels he is not getting through,
he steps up the pressure. He can be
quite bossy and
expects to have his way. He is more
demanding than accommodating and it
is difficult for him to cooperate.
Efficient and self-directed, the writer is
well suited for the business world. He
knows how to get what he wants, and
he has the drive to make things pay off.
He is not willing to be ordered around
and has the ability to direct, control
and steer.
In a relationship the quickest way to
lose him is to make the first advance.
He must be a leader here as elsewhere.
The writer would be well qualified for a
position in management where dynamic
force is needed. He is a natural in
high- pressure sales, law enforcement,
crime prevention, disaster crews, or the
military.
Domineering
t-bars made with a downward
movement and thinning out expose the
domineering personality.

Trait description:
The writer is unable to direct others
effectively. Consequently, he tries to
control people and situations
through
bossiness. He does not seem to know
how to be cooperative and tactful and
makes excessive demands on others’
time and resources. His get-someone-
else-do-do-it approach always involves
a measure of aggression and hostility.
The writer uses different strategies. He
smiles, ingratiates and flatters others
into serving him or granting him special
privileges. If this method fails, he may
nag, whimper or whine until they do
his bidding. He domineers with a “poor
me” attitude. He fails to realize that his
complaints and whining ways get
on
everybody’s nerves.
Basically, the writer wants love,
comfort and companionship. Yet his
domineering demeanor gets him only
frustration and rebuff.
Professionally and personally, he tries
to control other people’s lives. He wants
others to do things his way. He wants to
make decisions for those with whom
he is involved. He always thinks he
knows what is best for everyone. He
tries to reform others for their own
good but in reality, makes their lives a
misery.
Rather than drawing others out, the writer states his views.
What he says sounds like judgment, and he offends others by his
tone. His instructions sound abrupt and lacking in courtesy. He may
do this under the guise of showing others better ways of doing things,
even though they manage in ways that better suit their traits.
No matter what the issue, the writer
always feels he is right and that only
his opinion counts. He creates much
resentment in others with his views on
how to better manage their lives. He
fails to realize that the effect on other
people is that they become exasperated.
While the domineering approach may
produce outward conformity, it also
gives rise to rankling resentment. It
makes others all the more eager to get
away from the domineering individual.
Enthusiasm
A long t-bar is a sign of enthusiasm. (t-
bars that are too long signify wasted
energy.)

Trait description:
The writer displays an ardent interest in
his purposes and goals. He directs his
mental energies toward the fulfillment
of his aspirations.
Enthusiasm helps to carry him along. Cheerful anticipation
grows the closer he approaches his goals. Feeling halfway about
something is impossible for him. His enthusiasm not only makes
tasks more enjoyable, b u t a l s o creates interest in others and
assures their support. With his eagerness and zeal he
is able to inspire others. He makes them
believers in his cause.
With enthusiasm very high, the
writer is ready to jump on any new
bandwagon that may come along. He
may pour out vast amounts of stamina
in great spurts of enthusiasm but
actually achieve very l i ttl e. He lacks
a sense of reality and wastes mental
energy. He detracts it from other areas
where it should be applied more
productively.
Evasiveness
An oval letter or a letter e with a sharp
angle approximately half-way up
from the baseline reveals evasiveness.
This angle or bend must be within the
loop or covered by the downstroke
rather than in front of the letter.

Trait description:
Evasiveness is a defense trait. Its
presence indicates deep-seated feelings
of
insecurity.
The writer tries to avoid a threatening
subject, circumstance or situation by
diverting attention away from it,
thereby bring about a distraction. He
evades, not b y speaking an untruth, but
by avoiding the truth. He has an
unconscious need to disguise his
motives and hide his true intents.
It is usually difficult to pin the writer down to an opinion and he
may hesitate to put his thoughts on paper because he instinctively
knows that he does not want
to be committed in
writing.
These individuals are concealing things
for their own private reasons and
frequently choose a pseudonym or at
least a nickname. As long as they can
conceal their real self they feel safe.
Evasiveness is frequently due to
humiliating experiences in childhood
which the writers have been unable to
overcome. They are extremely sensitive
and often vindictive in personal affairs.
Exaggeration
Grossly inflated lower zone loops
disclose exaggeration. Loops must be
really exaggerated and
disproportionally large.

Trait description:
The writer has a overactive
imagination. He tends to enlarge
upon facts and
cannot help embellishing simple
statements when he is relating an
incident. The larger the loops, the more
removed from reality the writer is. He
is mislead by his own imaginings.
Those around him may be more aware
of this characteristic than he, himself.
Exaggeration affects many aspects of
the writer ’s life. He may
exaggerate to impress others or make
impossible promises. Or his
imagination may run away with him
and cause him to make statements he
cannot back up.
His vivid imagination makes it hard for
him to see matters factually. He is
prone to magnify problems way out of
proportion and he may represent small
setbacks as hopeless situations. He is
likely to hear more than he has been
told. Now and then, he will imagine all
sorts of things about people that are,
quite
simply, untrue. His active imagination
fills in the dull or uninteresting gaps
with more creative details.
Although his imagination does color his
statements, the writer seldom misleads
anyone intentionally. He just cannot
help splashing a little color around
when he is relating an incident, and
often he convinces himself that things
really happened this way.
People with exaggeratedly large lower loops are often gullible.
They tend to trust people far too easily and take everyone into their
friendship circle.
These folks can be naïve and innocent in
their approach to life which may be
rather charming and refreshing.
Unfortunately, they usually learn the
hard way that not all people can be
trusted. They are likely to lose their
money and their love repeatedly in
learning this lesson.
Extravagance
Extremely long and slightly upward
curving final strokes express
extravagance.

Trait description:
Extravagance is related to generosity.
Generosity is the result of
conscious
considerations, the extravagant person
responds without considering
consequences.
The writer has a poor sense of values.
He is wasteful in his expenditures. He
spends more than is reasonable or
necessary.
These folks often give automatically
to others, but usually without thought.
They are spendthrifts to a degree that
they may eventually exhaust their
resources.
Since extravagance is an automatic
expression instead of conscious
giving,
it may not represent the person’s true
feelings or inclinations. Any good done
by it is purely incidental. Instead of
considering to whom and what he is
providing, the extravagant person
simply gives. It may be only when it is
too late that he realizes that his
extravagant impulse actually has
worked to his own disadvantage, and
that others may be taking advantage
of him.
Extravagance has another setback. The giving individual is likely to
be misunderstood. His impulse to give automatically may make
other people feel he is trying to obligate them. They may come to
resent and distrust his motives. They may think that he wants
something back or that he is trying to
force his attentions on
them.
Extravagant writers are not likely to put
away enough of their earnings for
themselves and very few are cautious
with cash. They want first class and
luxury all the way, and they will freely
spend on fun and pleasure. They usually
live beyond their income and are
seldom out of debt.
Fatalism
Downward moving final strokes in
lower zone letters such as g, z, and y
reveal fatalism.

The writer passively accepts his fate. He

is dispirited and heavy-hearted most of
the time. He has given in to the
negative forces around him. He
suffers from
constant dejection and a deep-seated
pessimistic attitude. This characteristic
may be present in either a mild form or
as deep-seated conviction. Because the
writer constantly anticipates bad luck,
he is rarely surprised by the bad breaks
he is getting. He accepts life’s blows
with a conviction that “what will be
will be.” “It would happen to me,” he
concludes, with thoughtless acceptance
and rarely tries to discern the reasons
for the unfortunate turn of events.
Often a feeling of dejection occurs near success. The writer comes
close to success, then turns away.
The writer finds it increasingly difficult to work under pressure. His
focus is on how dejected he feels rather than on what he can do
about circumstances. He usually sees all of life’s experiences,
both present and future, as hopeless,
dismal events. Discouragement
affects his outlook as well as his
mental attitude. It undermines self-
directive ability and motivation and, in
extreme cases, means apathy. His
negative outlook is apt to depress
other people. His despair and his
refusal to improve his condition make
it difficult for them to stay around for
any length of time.
Since the writer ’s attitude
toward advancement is negative, his
code is usually, “Why try? What
good will it do?” Even if things are
going well, he
never quite believes his good luck will
hold. Progress is negated, even though
talent may be present. If talent is
expressed, the product is likely to
reflect the attitude of the originator and
has a depressing effect on the mind of
the observer.
Fluidity of thinking
Smooth figure eight strokes
encompassing at least two zones
suggest fluidity of thinking.
Trait Description
Fluidity affects both the person’s
thinking and communication. It
indicates the natural ability to express
ideas facilely, although the proficiency
may be modified by the educational
background of the writer. An individual
with little formal teaching and a
limited vocabulary will be unable to
express himself very well despite a high
degree of fl uidity. He will,
however, use well what little knowledge
he has.
The writer changes smoothly from one
phase of thought to another. He has the
ability to express himself easily either
in writing or through the spoken word.
He has a feel for the right phrase or
verbal expression. He puts sentences
together in logical sequence and uses
language eloquently and elegantly.
The writer can debate on just any issue.
(His speaking ability before crowds
may depend upon other traits, such as
self-assurance and confidence.) He can
change a subject quickly, and direct the
conversation adroitly away from
uncomfortable topics. He can run
around an argument in circles, mix other
people up, turn them around, then win
them over to their side before others
realize what has happened.
Fluid writers not only get their ideas better across to their loved
ones, friends and associates, they also enjoy vocational advantages
in many fields. They are better lecturers, teachers, or masters of
ceremony. They are more
effective in sales and on a debating
team. They are more suitable writers or
editors. They can be rapier-tongued
lawyers and they usually make fine
public speakers. It’s rate to find a
successful author or orator without
fluidity in the script.
Frankness
Clear circle letters indicate frankness.
The circle letters may be either open or
closed.

Trait description:
The writer expresses himself in a
straightforward manner. Open, frank
and direct, he says what he means.
He
expresses what he feels candidly and
exactly. He speaks his mind, and he
is not constrained by other people’s
feelings from expressing his views.
Others know exactly where they
stand with him because he verbalizes
both his approval and his dislike
without holding anything back.

On the downside, he may drop the

most
blunt remarks because he dislikes
insincerity and affectation; he can be
depended upon to give an honest
opinion at all times. He may often be
tactless because he is so remarkably
candid and announces exactly what he
feels.
To him, the truth is the truth, and
if others can’t bear it, they should not
ask his opinion. Thus, despite his
honesty, he often manages to say the
wrong thing, in the wrong way, which
leaves others with feelings hurt
unnecessarily. His frank manner of
expression may often make him
unpopular. It would be valuable for
others to know that he needs to
be listened to on his own terms.
Generosity
Long final strokes that are
slightly garlanded manifest generosity.

Trait description:
These writers give freely of whatever
they have, be it time, money,
or s ympathy. Fond of giving gifts
they
relish the feeling of pleasure that others
receive from them. Within the limits of
their resources, they will be generous
with their families or people close to
them. The offer whatever others
need. They don’t hold back with
resources or effort.

Often, they respond instinctively

before
they are asked. They are glad to give
others a lift when the load gets
heavy, and they will do whatever is
necessary to make things better for those
around them. They will cheerfully
share what they can without depriving
those who are dependent on them.
They give their sympathy and
possessions willingly, even to
strangers. They know that bread cast on
the waters not only returns again
increased, but it also makes people
happy, and that is one of the things they
enjoy most in life.
Their focus is outward on
the
requirements of others. Material things,
for them, are far less important than
human needs.
As guests in someone’s home, they may
help with the cooking or the shopping;
and this includes giving advice on how
to do or not to do things. As bosses,
they will be generous with vacations,
salaries, raises and all such matters.
They do not measure advice or services
according to financial value, but
rather in terms of the personal
satisfaction through having done a good
deed.
Generosity is an important trait in
selecting vocations. The high score is at
an advantage in professions related to
the healing arts, social welfare,
teaching, entertainment, ministry,
secretarial work, homemaking or
domestic services.
Goals
An person’s goal level is a basic
component of his self-image. Most
people have been found to set their
goals just a little higher than they are
sure of attaining. There may be an
element of self-flattery in this
tendency, but it is considered healthy
since it is a sign of self-acceptance and
self-confidence.
Goal levels appear to be particularly
relevant in a society like ours in which
the pressure to achieve is so great and
feelings of success and failure so
crucial. Too often, parents set goals for
their children on the basis of their own
ambitions, with little regard to the
young person’s capabilities. Many
children cannot do well under constant
pressure, and some develop an intense
feeling of failure which leads them to
set unrealistically low goals for
themselves throughout life. These
individuals are often very bright people,
potentially capable of high level
work, but they coast along on far
lower levels of achievement.
A history of repeated success tends to
lead to an increased goal level; the more
we accomplish, the higher our goals.
Continued disappointments, on the other
hand, cause the individual either to
set his goals so low that success is
guaranteed, or so high that his
inability to achieve them does not
produce a feeling of failure. In either
case, the pe r s on is deceiving
himself about his abilities in order to
protect his ego. This situation can
usually be prevented if parents and
teachers are careful to give children
tasks that allow them a distinct
possibility of success.
Goals high:

A t-bar near the top of the stem reveals

high goals.

Trait description:
The writer is motivated toward
success a nd self-improvement. He is
willing to challenge himself to
surpass the level
where he presently is. He wants to
achieve something that will prove him
to be outstanding in some way. Willing
to take chances, he undertakes
the unfamiliar to achieve his aims.

Above all, the writer is not afraid to try.

If he fails, he usually has learned
something from the experience which
helps him do better next time. He is
not
devastated by possible failure or
embarrassment.
The writer is oriented toward growth
and does not allow himself to be
diverted from his goals by the desire for
immediate gratification. His main
emphasis is on the development of
those skills from which he, himself,
gains the greatest satisfaction.

Goals
medium:

A t-bar in the upper third of the stem

verifies medium goals.
Trait description:
The writer is content to stay with current opportunities. Because of
the tension he feels in new undertakings, he tries to place his
goals at a level that does not include risk. He aims for objectives that
are traditional and generally approved.
If through force of circumstances or others’ requirements he
becomes involved in pursuits that are above the level where he
presently is, he usually strains hard to succeed. He is afraid of
criticism should he fail to meet the expectations of the people who
are important to him. The new success experience then will increase
his willingness to become involved in similar endeavors in the future.
Goals low:

A t-bar at the apex of the middle zone

indicates low goals.

Trait description:
The writer feels inadequate and
inhibited. He sets his aims in a
security- minded way. He settles for
what seems
easily attainable, and his goals are based
on what kind of successes he has
already had in the past.

H e focuses mentally on short-

range projects because he is afraid to
reach up and take a chance with what
he may be unable to accomplish or
what others oppose. Too cautious in
planning more progressive objectives,
he may fail to
develop his innate
talents.
The writer underestimates and severely
restricts himself. He worries about
failure and therefore is afraid to try.
He is unable to aspire higher than
where he presently is.
He does not try hard enough to get
ahead. He is content with where he is
as long as it offers a minimum of
security. He fears change, equating lack
of change with stability. He misses
opportunities because he does not
demand enough of himself. As far as he
is concerned, his goals are realistic
and practical ones.
When he strives for what others
disapprove of, either impulsively or
accidentally, he experiences guilt and
anxiety.
Humor
Graceful flourishes on capital letters
such as M, N or H are evidence of
humor.

Trait description:
The writer has a sense of humor and
the ability to laugh and enjoy the good
times. He is able to see the funny side
of life. His humor is warm and playful
and enables him to win friends easily.
Others
often laugh with him because his humor
is contagious. With an awareness of
how amusing he, himself, can be in
his foibles and follies he can chuckle at
himself without loss of self-esteem.

The writer has learned to appreciate

witty remarks and amusing
commentaries. More importantly, he has
reached the awareness of how
amusing he himself can be in his
foibles and follies. He accepts his
idiosyncrasies
with the same good humor he admires
in others. He can chuckle at what is
funny in himself without loss of self-
esteem.
The writer has learned to take serious
matters more lightly. Others can always
win him over with a joke more easily
than with tears. The act of laughing
provides a healthy release for pent-up
emotional energy, especially when a
situation is tense and stressful. Taking
serious things humorously fortifies
his sense of perspective. Laughing with
others creates a bond of understanding.
It gives others the feeling of
being
included because laughter is always
with them, never at their expense.
Imagination, abstract
Broad upper zone loops returning to
the baseline reveals abstract
imagination.

Trait description:
The writer has the ability to
visualize and to create mental images
not present to the senses. He may
obtain these ideas from his experiences
and observations
or from within himself. Usually,
new concepts come to him naturally.
This is profitable when he puts this
ability to productive use.
Imagination helps him to think of new
directions that his work can take him.
With the ability to create innovative
promotional ideas, he can design or
arrange merchandise or plan new
layouts. He can give an old idea a new
twist or devise an original use for a
familiar object or material. He can also
contribute innovative ideas for others to
put into practice. His
ingenious
suggestions probably impress his
superiors at work.

The writer ’s imagination gives him

the power to transcend space and time.
He can create imagines of both the past
and the future. He can have more fun in
his own mind. For him, half the
enjoyment can be in anticipating,
such as in planning a trip. He can
visuali ze goals he wants to achieve,
and h e can see more possibilities. He
has the ability for
mentally “rehearsing” what is
coming up. He can use his imagination
for hope instead of fear and to make
him happy instead of sad.
For the writer, imagination has both
good and bad aspects which need to be
understood. While he benefits in
many way, he is at a disadvantage
when the same imagination amp l i f i
e s negative ideas for him. It is
important that he should not allow
his imagination to magnify thoughts
related to possible fears.
Vocationally, imagination is an asset
in
creative occupations such as
architecture, writing, advertising,
composing and inventing.
Imagination, material
Full lower zone loops returning to the
baseline demonstrate material
imagination.

Trait description:
The writer creates practical ideas
originating from within himself. If he
is presented with one notion, it will
be immediately associated with
something else of a related nature. Any
new experience releases a chain
reaction of similar situations in the
past. He is able to use the
combination of past and present
images to find novel solutions in new
situations.
The writer ’s imaginative ability goes beyond the mere
rearrangement of present factors. In his mind’s eye he sees new and
different uses for familiar objects. He can visualize making a product
fancier or simpler, more
colorful, cheaper or more expensive. He
can imagine a different arrangement, a
new design. He may visualize how
to change the form and shape of
products, how to package them more
attractively or how to market them more
seductively. He may also dream up
completely new products or
procedures. He has the advantage that
he will be inspired by the picture of the
finished product in his mind.
People with an active imagination are
good problem solvers. They are usually
able to generate an adequate number
of
alternatives in order to increase his
chances of devising a workable solution
in a problem situation. They also learn
from past experiences. This means
that he will not make the same mistake
over and over.
Impatience
i- and j-dots which are hurriedly made
to the right of the letter confirm
impatience.

Trait description:
The writer is mentally restless; he
hurries himself and others along.
Wanting to move ahead and get things
done it is difficult for him to devote
full
attention to one job. Already he has his
mind on the next thing he wants to
do, and is pushing forward to that.
Being in a hurry all the time he is prone
to making mistakes and essential
details may be overlooked. Even if he
does not have to hurry a job, he will
put a time limit on himself and try to
rush everyone along at the same speed.
The writer gets irritated at things not
happening fast enough to suit him. He
hates waiting at traffic lights, he detests
standing in line. Any kind of delay, any
enforced waiting, gets him upset.
(You’ll
have to hide his birthday presents in a
safe place. He’ll be unwilling to wait
for the surprise.) H e gets so annoyed
about others’ alleged tardiness that he
easily becomes an irritating influence
himself.
Impatience may prevent him from
finishing anything worthwhile, and
restlessness could make it difficult for
him to hold down a job. Steady routine
w o r k frustrates him He is at a
disadvantage when operating hazardous
equipment. Hurrying along lessens
his ability to organize and diminishes
his
attention to
details.

The writer would work to advantage

where things have to happen fast, such
as moving baggage quickly or getting
emergency equipment to a disaster
scene.
Inattention to details
Missing i and j-dots verify inattention
to details.

Trait description:
The writer is too impatient to handle
details. He simply skips over them if
it is more convenient to do so. To
him,
achieving the final result means
more than the individual steps along the
way.

Overlooking details is reductive to his

thinking efficiency. He may overlook
certain facts that others
consider
important. It can cause him to overlook
fine points or specifics, or he may
draws conclusion based on inadequate
facts.
The writer ’s disregard of details can
be hazardous in certain kinds of
situations where they are vital for
safety and security of people and
equipment.
Disregard of details can diminish the
final results of the writer’s work.
Instead of doing it right the first time
he has to go back to check for errors
and omissions. If time is not
always available for adding finishing
touches the standard of his work may
suffer.
Indecisiveness
Fading finals in slow writing establish
indecisiveness.

Trait description:
The writer is vacillating and hesitant.
He finds it difficult to make decisions,
and seldom commits himself to an
opinion
about anything. He “sits on the fence,”
so to speak, leaving every option open.
He waits to see what people want
before airing his position and quickly
accedes if he thinks someone else
knows better (which is most of the
time). He is willing to let othermake
the decisions he should make for
himself.
Making up his mind is a chore for
this individual. Once he has it made up,
he is liable to change it without
warning if he feels that he made a
mistake. He anguishes about not having
done the right thing and once more
weighs all
alternatives. Unable to rely on his own
resources and skills, he depends upon
others for advice and the final say.
Particularly in areas with which he is
unfamiliar, he postpones. He wants to
be sure that he will not leave himself
open to reproach.
The writer lacks confidence in his ability, no matter how
many facts are available. He is afraid of the consequences of a
mistake. Decisions may be delayed for additional data,
which frequently reconfirms what the
he already knew.
Fear of criticism may so immobilizes
the writer that he is prevented not only
from making decisions himself but also
from delegating them. He is afraid that
mistakes by subordinates will reflect
negatively on him.
Independent thinking
S h o r t d- and t-stems
corroborate independent thinking.

Trait description:
The writer depends upon himself to
form his opinions. He thinks and
acts
according to his own beliefs and is his
own authority.
His own ideas carry more weight with
him than the views of others or the
codes of the group. He does what he
wants and says what he likes, and he
worries little whether others approve of
his attitude or not.
The writer hates taking orders from
anybody. He wants to feel that what he
is doing is the result of his own free
will, and he his doing it because he
wants to do it. He will not stand for
being told what to do or believe in.
Given a job to do he is disinclined to
listen to others’ suggestions. He relies
on his own instinctive feelings to tell
him what to do. He may even reverse
orders and follow his own beliefs. He
does what is desirable and realistic from
his own point of view.
The writer ’s desire for approval is
satisfied from within when he meets
his own standards. Since society seems
to prefer conformity, he may
sometimes find getting along with
others difficult. Rejection by the group
to greater or lesser extent may be a
consequence of independent thought.
Being independent himself, the writer
will not infringe on other people’s
space. He respects their longing for
freedom and independence.
The writer prefers to be in a position
where he can make decisions for
himself. Independent thinking would be
useful in fields such as exploring,
missionary work, developing new
techniques in industry, medicine or
business. He would function well as
equipment operators, entertainer or in a
hazardous duty job.
Individualism
(Idiosyncrasy)
C i r c l e i- and j-dots suggest
individualism.

The writer has a strong desire for

everyone to know that he is not an
average person but someone special. He
wants to be recognized for his
uniqueness. He might be eccentric
in
ideas, appearance, mannerism, dress, or
conduct.
The trait may apparent in small ways
showing that the writer insists on being
that little bit different. Or it may be
displayed as a constant inclination to do
things differently. He likes to think
that he is an original and that others
copy him. He may adopt unconventional
standards as behavioral guidelines.
The writer is concerned about the effect he has on others. He likes
for everyone to know that he is not an average person. He likes to do
things in a way that is out of the commonplace or ordinary. He
wants to have, or do, or be
something that sets him apart from
others. This difference is very important
to him, but it may put him out of step
with his co- workers, subordinates and
management. Most people like to be
with others like themselves. If he is too
much different from them, they will
need to adjust their thinking and his
acceptance as a new member of the
team may take some time to develop.
His relationships work best when his
quirks are accepted.
Initiative
Instead of a t-bar, the writersuses a
slightly rightward moving upstroke that
breaks away sharply from the preceding
t-stem.

Trait description:
The writer has the ability to start many
projects on his own. When he sees a
chance for action, he moves. He has the
inner drive to put his ideas into
action. to start new procedures or
launch new activities.
Usually, he does not need to be prodded to make progress. His
responses in action are automatic. He is a self-starter
who does not wait to be told what to
do.
Once the writer has a goal in mind, he
instinctively follows through.
Opportunities are seldom wasted on him
and he feels most satisfied when he
goes after what he wants. Because of
this, he is more likely to see and take
advantage of breaks which will get him
to his goal faster. He has a knack for
seeing possibilities a long way off and
he is prepared to grab them boldly
when others might hesitate. Even
impediments become opportunities. His
initiative prevents him from
acknowledging
limitations; where there is a will there
is definitely a way for him.
When an obstacle comes up he seeks a
way to change it into an advantage. He
turns stumbling blocks into
stepping- stones and it is natural for
him to move right on, regardless of
temporary failures. He has a flexible,
inventive persistence in exploring
different avenues until everything that
needs to be done is accomplished.
Intuition
Genuine disconnections[1] between
letters indicate the presence of intuition.

Trait description:
Intuition is a mental process that puts
together all the impressions that reach
the person’s mind at lightning speed. It
is a kind of super conscious activity of
the brain that is much faster than the
usual conscious thinking process. It is
a processing of knowledge beyond
conscious reasoning; the conclusions
come as “hunches” to the individual.
Intuition comes quickly, in a flash,
without forethought. There is no effort
or reflection involved.
Intuition does not function well if the
writer tries to make it work for him. It
requires a relaxed state of body and
mind. Any forced effort makes for
tension in the body, and is reflected by
a similar state of strain in brain
functioning.
The writer has quick flashes of
intelligence that contain more of a
general impression than he would
have if he actually thought about
something for the same length of time.
These flashes usually shed light upon
something immediate and specific in
the moment. They may happen as
“sudden comprehension” while he is
confronted with new knowledge or a
confusing problem. Most importantly,
he seems to be able to direct himself
very effectively
through difficult situations by relying
on his “hunches.” He is more often
right than wrong and he can afford to
rely on his insight because he knows
from experience that it is reliable.
The writer may interpret these flashes
as a “sixth sense.” Close examination,
however, shows that these “hunches”
are based on lightning fast
comprehension of what was being
observed as well as applying past
knowledge to the present situation.
Hunches are the result of an
unconscious trial and error processes
during which one possibility after
another is tested internally until one of
them clicks.

“Hunches” may arise from information

that does not even appear to be relevant
to a problem at hand. Often, they can
be stimulated by getting away
from a
problem or by “sleeping on it.” During
this so-called incubation period, the
writer ’s mind continues to mull over
the problem on an unconscious or semi-
conscious level and, in some cases at
least, a solution rises to the surface and
presents itself in the form of a “hunch”
or sudden insight.
Intuition is especially valuable in
emergencies. More often than not, it
works as a forewarning, especially in a
dilemma or crisis. An inner voice keeps
warning the writer when a situation
is dangerous. It serves as a brake
rather
than an accelerator, so to speak. There
are no immediate facts to deliberate
upon nor is there exact evidence;
still, the writer instinctively knows or
feels that he should get out of a
situation or place.
The writer has remarkable insight into
other people’s thoughts and feelings.
This gives him the uncanny ability to
anticipate what they are going to do.
He may surprise them when he
intercepts their private thoughts as
though they were broadcasting them
and when he is able to sense the
meaning of the words
they have left unspoken.
Investigative thinking
Angles in the upper part of middle zone
letter such as m and n demonstrate
investigative thinking ability. The
sharper the angles, the more pronounced
the trait.

Trait description:
The writer has an inquiring mind and is
not an easy person to convince. He
wants to investigate all aspects of a
situation before becoming involved. His
intention is to go directly to the source
and he insists on gaining firsthand
knowledge through his own efforts. He
prefers to learn his lessons through his
own investigation rather than from
other people or books. It is his nature
that he wants to experience through his
own exploration.
He is constantly inquiring and has the intellect to explore and absorb
facts. He believes in looking beyond the obvious and enjoys
research and investigation. Once an idea becomes fixed in his mind,
he usually sets about gathering large amounts of information to
augment it. He does not like to undertake a venture until
he has carefully examined the
ground and accumulated the necessary
knowledge beforehand.
The writer ’s curiosity goes beyond
the immediate task. Any new subject
excites him, and he wants to go on
learning new things all his life. He is
constantly questioning and seeking.
Foremost, he wants to become a well-
informed person and he is keenly
interested in expanding his knowledge.
He is eager to investigate unfamiliar
subjects and wishes to go on learning
new things all his life. He probably
believes in higher
education and would like to have at
least one academic degree. He is
always trying to broaden and develop
his mind and may endeavor to give
others the benefit of his knowledge.
The way to appeal to the writer is
through reason. He is contemptuous of
people who accept information blindly
and irritated with those who let
sentiment distort their thinking.
With his strong desire to gather
knowledge and his intellectual
curiosity, the writer is eminently
suited for research work. Higher
education would
have a special attraction for him and
science would prove a fertile field for
his investigative and searching mind.
He could be a great contributor to
various fields of knowledge through
his ability to make painstaking studies
and investigations. He would make
an
investigator of insurance frauds,
conspiracies, and complex financial
swindles.
Irritability
Jabbed i- or j-dots suggest irritability.

Trait description:
The writer is easily upset. He is
frustrated and temporarily under
strain
from either a mental or physical cause.
More often than not, pressure comes
from a negative source. It may be long-
lasting or immediate. It indicates that
the basic harmony of the individual has
been disturbed and that an imbalance
exists within.

The writer has to fight every step of the

way to accomplish even simple
things.
He can’t think clearly and tries to
hold on desperately. Every little thing
that annoys him adds fuel to the fire
until he feels that everything is wrong.
Quite often, irritability is the result
of not having enough rest to keep alert.
Tiredness, exhaustion, the busy pace,
strained relations, increased output
demands, excessive noise, all contribute
to irritability. If a person forces himself
beyond his natural physical limits
day after day, he is bound to exhaust
himself and irritability is one of the
effects.
While the writer is under strain, he is
not
capable of thinking effectively.
Instead he is responding from his
emotions only. He is not directing
himself, he is only reacting and prone
to make wrong decisions until he is
able to relax and become free of the
strain that is bothering him. He sees
and hears only that which is within his
own mind and that means that he will
have an irrational view of things. While
he can go ahead and work at familiar
tasks, he will find it very hard to
concentrate on any new or unfamiliar
job or idea.
Arguments during this period
are
useless. Disputes, any situation in
which the writer feels himself being
pressured or put on the spot, or in
which he feels he is being shown in a
bad light, will bring the irritability
rising up.
Irritability may be temporary or, with
continuing aggravation, may be a
constant attitude.
Jealousy
Small initial loops on capital letters
such as M, N or H expose jealousy.

Trait description:
Jealousy is a complex emotion
compounded by feelings of insecurity,
apprehension, self-blame, and hostility
toward an alleged rival. Foremost, it is
rooted in low self esteem and insecurity
about self-worth.
Writers with a high degree of jealousy
usually display three personality
characteristics: (1) having a low
opinion of themselves; (2) seeing a
large discrepancy between how they
really are and what they would ideally
like to be; (3) valuing highly such
achievements as becoming wealthy,
famous, well-liked and, especially,
physically attractive.”
Horney explains that jealousy “may
appear in every human relationship -
on the part of the parents toward their
children who want to make friends or
to marry; on the part of the children
toward their parents; between
marriage partners; in any love
relationship.”[2]
The writer experiences intense emotions
when his relationships are threatened
by a rival. He is easily jealous and if
rejected, suffers excruciatingly. He fears
losing the affection of the loved person
as well as the loss of that relationship.
He is jealous because of his strong
inferiority complex he cannot believe
someone could possibly love only him.
Usually, there is no justification for
these fears.
These writers insist on being first in
everything and strive to possess rather
than love. They are the takers in the
relationship using every device to
manipulate and control. Even
their affections are smothering and
definitely overprotective. They want
their loved ones to lean on them
forever, and when they show signs of
independence, the writers rebel
against their desire to
experiment with the world
outside.

These people can be unreasonably

possessive. Their partners belong to
them body, soul and mind. They will
not tolerate competition from another
person or outside interest. They may
require their mates to account for
every minute of their time, and may
even keep them under surveillance.
They want to know where they were,
whom they met on the way, what they
said, and they may even
be upset if they are not being told what
the other one is thinking about. They
are constantly on the watch for
indications that their jealous
suspicions are justified, and may
manufacture evidence if they do not
find it. Any other interest their partners
may have is considered a potential
threat. When they are frustrated, they
may turn with bitterness toward the
real or imagined rival standing in
their way. Jealousy is likely to make
the relationship a wretched misery. The
partner may be a nervous wreck
imprisoned by the writer ’s
suspicion and distrust. The writer
’s possessiveness and tendency to
take over the other person will
definitely cause many disputes.
Literary leanings
A delta δ points to the writer ’s
interest in the use of the written or
spoken word.

Trait description:
The so-called literary usually occurs
in handwritings with a neglected or
underdeveloped lower zone. This
suggests that basically, the writer is
not oriented toward the environment.
Exactly at the point where he should
meet his surroundings, he recoils. He
escapes upwards toward the mental
and spiritual sphere
The writer has a natural aptitude for
literature. He most likely is excited
about books and an excellent reader. He
enjoys reading and study.

These writers are often bookworms

and
dedicated users of the library. Usually
they have an extensive vocabulary and
a flair for writing themselves. They
have the mental ability to describe what
they see in graphic and moving
language. They delight in
communicating with others and sharing
their knowledge verbally or on paper.
Presumably, they are fascinating story
tellers. They are lovers of good books
and like to discuss learned subjects for
hours when they meet other
knowledgeable people.
As children, they probably had no
trouble learning to read. They did
not
mind being called on to recite and they
may have smiled as the rest of the
students sighed, when a theme was
assigned. In all likelihood they learned
foreign tongues effortlessly and they
probably understand and read more
than one language.
These writers may be drawn to
educational activities. They could make
their mark in literature. They may like
to teach or lecture or they may be fond
of working in some capacity on the
stage or in the theater. They have a feel
for language and languages and could
make
excellent linguists.
Loyalty
Round dots over the letters i and
j
suggests loyalty.

Trait description:
The trait may have negative or positive
value according to the object of the
writer’s loyalty.
The writer dedicates himself and
is
committed to people or causes. He holds
on to what he believes. Once his
attitude is fixed, it is hard for anyone to
change his mind. Loyalty serves to
strengthen his purpose. Once
committed, he goes the whole way.

The writer is faithful to the point of

no
return. Once he gives his word, he will
see the obligation through. Though he
may fret under the pressure of
adversity, he will seldom go back on
a promise. He is as wholehearted in his
support of others as he is in
following his own beliefs. He will
always defend his friends or take
their sides. He will fly defiantly in the
face of anyone who tries to hurt a friend
of his. His indignation will have no
bounds.
The writer ’s devotion to his family
often surpasses all understanding. He
gives loyalty with a faithful heart. He is
true to
those he cares about and will never let
them down. He never reneges on his
promises to friends. He will always give
them a lift when the load gets heavy
and he will help them out of problems,
no matter how great. It is his code.
They can count on his unwavering
support in difficult times and situations.
If there is ever any kind of trouble, the
writer is not one to desert a sinking
ship. He will stick with them through
the crisis, and possibly add a few
ideas of his own how to solve it. He
is a fiercely loyal friend through all ups
and downs; when
he lets someone down who is
dependent on him, he feels devastated.
Any shirking of responsibility causes
pangs of blame and guilt.
On the other hand, he demands the
same unquestioning loyalty that he
gives, in both personal and work
relationships. He builds up resentment
when he feels that he has been
wronged. If he is betrayed, he will be
just as much against the people who let
him down as he once was ardent on
their behalf.
As an employee, the writer builds up a
sense of loyalty to his employer. If
he
feels appreciated and likes the people
he works with, it would take much
more than a monetary incentive to
convince him to switch companies.
Manual dexterity
Rounded or flat-topped m’s and n’s
demonstrate deftness with the fingers
and hands.

Trait description:
The writer has good finger coordination
and is deft with his hands. He may
be
mechanically inclined or ambidextrous.
He is able to work in fields that require
special skills with the hands. He
enjoys using his fingers and can be
quite deft with handicrafts and the like.
The writer has a knack for fixing
things. (He is not the type to let hinges
hang for months unscrewed or the
carpet on the floor untacked.)
This talent gives the writer
vocational and recreational
advantages. Sketching, wood working,
crafts, art, baking, and many more
activities are enhanced by this ability.
The writer could shine in manual
occupations where dexterity is
required. He would make an able
carpenter, painter, stenographer,
computer operator, dressmaker or
magician. He
could be a fine dentist or watchmaker.
Manual dexterity could suggest nuances
in vocational selection, such as
becoming a surgeon, rather than a
general practitioner.
With dishonesty. If the writer forges a
check or picks a pocket, he is deft
about it and is less likely to get caught.
Mental orientation
High upper zone extensions in
combination with shorter lower zone
loops indicate mental orientation.

Trait description:
Orientation, either physical or mental,
has a significant effect on the writer’s
behavior, interpersonal relationships,
his outlook and his attitudes.
Mental orientation is no guarantee of
mental accomplishment. It is positive
or negative according to scores in
related areas. Without outlet in other
areas, intellectual orientation will be a
problem in the writer’s life. He will be
frustrated and mentally spinning his
wheels.
The writer's orientation is toward
mental pursuits. Intellectual endeavors
are of greater importance than being
with people or engaging in physical
activities. Abstract thinking and
mental
pursuits are naturally for
him.

The writer ’s energy is

predominantly mental. Abstract
concepts appeal to him and for him,
discovery of new knowledge is the
spice of life. Always open to learning
more, he delights in stretching his
mind and assimilates new knowledge
with great interest.
The writer likely wants to earn a living
through mental pursuits. In order to
function at optimum capacity, he
needs
to be mentally challenged. He would
feel unfulfilled with a dull or menial
job and greatly frustrated by an
intellectually empty existence. A
career that is mentally stimulating
would be most suitable for him.
While he has much endurance for
mental jobs, strictly- routine jobs would
be boring to him.
The writer dislikes having to explain
his thinking to less intellectual people.
He needs partners who are on the same
mental wavelength with him. He gets
along best with co-workers who are
intellectually bright and able to share
his
ideas. To his more down-to-earth
associates his behavior may seem too
highbrow and scholarly.
The writer finds little to talk about in
social situations that call for small talk.
What turns him on is mental
stimulation of some kind, and if others
want to capture his attention, they
should gear the conversation toward a
subject that challenges him. Most
likely, the writer derives most of his
relaxation and pleasure from mental
pursuits that are usually not far
removed from his working habits.
As a lover, the writer becomes first
intellectually and later emotionally or
physically involved. He has to
experience a total blending of the mind
and the spirit before the physical
passions catch up in intensity.
Narrow-mindedness
Narrow loops in the letter e point to
narrow-mindedness. The narrower the
loop, the stronger is the trait. The trait
in intensified by constricted upper zone
loops.

Trait description:
The writer has a closed mind and is
unwilling to listen to ideas other than
his own. Disconcerted by unfamiliar
notions, he finds it hard to adjust to
new ways of thinking. He would have to
abandon established convictions in
order to accept new ones, and that is
threatening to him.
The writer hears only what he wants to
hear. Having “closed ears,” so to speak,
he is auditorily a poor learner. He may
even misinterpret what is being said to
make it fit with something that he
already believes or wants to believe.
The writer does not readily seek outside advice. Feeling secure with
the familiar, he fails to realize that others’ suggestions might
prove better than his own. Once his opinions are formed, they tend to
become fixed and dogmatic. For all practical purposes, it is
impossible to change his mind.
As a boss, he does not like to accept opinions that differ from
his own. He may surround himself with “yes men”
sharing his personal views. Too
inflexible to accept any compromise, he
tunes out people who oppose him.
Regrettably, closing his mind to outside
opinions limits his creative thinking
and resourcefulness. When faced with a
problem, he persistently tries to solve it
in the same manner that has been
disappointing before.
The writer finds a degree of security in
his restricted outlook, and having to
accept new concepts is seen as a threat.
He has accepted certain values and
moves strictly within the
limits
established by
them.
The writer has an inclination to see but
one side of a question—his own. Set in
his thinking, he does not want to hear
anyone else’s ideas concerning a
subject about which he has already
made up his mind. Because of this
tendency, he can actually sit and not
hear a word someone else is saying.
This makes it difficult for others to
discuss their thoughts with him. They
may even reach the point where they
stop sharing anything with him.
As a salesman, the writer would find it
difficult to look at matter from his
customers’ points of view. He would
perceive prospects who act counter to
his ideas as a threat. Failing to heed the
customer ’s point of view could cost
him the sale.
Need for involvement
Full lower zone loops are full and
narrow spacing between words is reveal
need for involvement.

Trait description:
The writer has a strong desire for
closeness with others and cannot
comfortably spend time alone. He
derives a sense of security from group
support. He probably has a great
number of friends and acquaintances,
and he mixes with ease with all
kinds of people. He delights in
meeting new people and enjoys
activities involving friends or people
generally.
The writer requires a congenial working environment with colleagues
who are pleasant and helpful. His coworkers are likely to become his
friends, and he depends on them to provide support and human
contact. He looks to his associates to help him through difficult
times.
His family and his friends mean a lot to
him. He needs to be near them
geographically, at least part of the time.
With a strong need for emotional
feedback, the writer likes people who
are warm and quick to show their
feelings. He is uncomfortable with
individuals who are cold and detached,
as they do not meet his need for
closeness and affinity.
He can express his feelings for another
person easily with physical
demonstrations as well as verbally.
Touching someone is regarded as an
amicable gesture. Talking freely
about personal matters, he does not
consider personal questions an
intrusion into his private affairs. On the
contrary, others’ interest in him makes
him feel accepted. He may impulsively
offer advice or suggestions whether or
not he is asked. With him, others can
almost always count on the
conversation taking a personal trend.
Any job for the writer should involve
contact with people. His attitude would
be valuable in professions where he has
to touch and handle others. A good
example of this would be nursing.
Contact-orientated, he could
function well in reception work,
teaching, the healing arts, service
organizations, domestic help, and
anywhere where he must deal with the
public in a service- related way. His
forte is any occupation that involves
service to others.
Optimism
Rising lines verify optimism. If lines
ascend too much, the writer may be
euphoric and unrealistic.

Trait description:
The writer has an optimistic outlook
and is inclined to see the bright side of
situations or events. He. He is
hopeful
about himself, his work and what he
can accomplish. His self-appraisal is
positive, most of the time. He is
almost unable to conceive that anything,
or anyone he believes in, including
himself, can fail.
The writer focuses on the positive
things he wants to happen and expects
the best outcome in most
circumstances. Obviously, such a trait
is most welcome on a black day. He
is enthusiastically involved in projects
and relationships. He has confidence in
the future and anticipates things to turn
out well despite
temporary setbacks. He is aware of
positive possibilities in himself, in other
people and in the situations around him.

The writer concentrates on what he

can do about a situation and multiplies
what
is uplifting. His optimistic outlook
makes him popular with friends and
associates. He is able to replenish their
store of hope when the world has
defeated them, infusing them with
his own dauntless optimism.
The writer always manages to convey a
cheerful attitude. He keeps his mind
filled with happy thoughts and the
mental pictures related to his goals are
positive. He focuses on the goal
ahead, not on how he feels along the
way. With that vision he has the
courage to move ahead, optimistically.
Organizational ability
Balance between upper and lower loops
in the letter f demonstrates
organizational ability.

Trait description:
The writer has the ability to
systematize or set things in order.
This may also
apply also to people and
thoughts.
He comprehends projects in their
entirety and knows the significance
of each component part. Clear thinking
and organized, he coordinates the parts
of the system so they run smoothly
together.
The writer derives satisfaction from
systematic accomplishment. With
a
common sense approach to utilizing
time, he devises a program and sees
that it is carried out.
The writer is capable of creating his
own format for work. He probably
assembles his materials for a given task
before he actually commences work
and budgets his hours so well that he
gets much done in a relatively short
period of time. He may have a system in
place that can handle the mundane tasks
that he is responsible for on a daily
basis. This, in turn, frees his time up to
do the important and creative tasks.
The writer does not
waste his time on activities that are
time fillers, but rather invests it
on the priorities that give him the
highest return.
He may list in writing at the start of the
day what he wants to accomplish. And
once he has made plans, he carries them
out methodically. The extra time spent
in planning saves him many hours by
preventing hit-or-miss starts and
retracing his steps later on.
With an organized and disciplined work
style, he knows exactly how much
time
should be allotted to different tasks. If
he says he will have a job completed
by a certain date, others can rely on
him.
Setting himself deadlines keeps him
focused and moving forward step by
step to achieve his goals. At the same
time, he will be mindful of setting
realistic deadlines that provide him with
the necessary time to achieve that goal.
Originality
Creative changes to copybook letters
reveal original ability.

Trait description:
The writer approaches a situation or
problem with originality. Following his
own unique ideas, he seeks out
innovative answers to the
challenges.
Able to see new possibilities, he often
reaches conclusions that are not the
norm. His unique thinking puts him out
in front, because he is creative in
areas where others see only practicality.
The tried and true does not hold much
appeal for him. Basically
unconventional, he is most
satisfied when not bound to old
conventions and principles.
Originality is often appreciated only
until it comes into conflict with
expected norms of behavior. How
many of his unique ideas the writer
applies depends
on his feelings of security.
 ~.~

~r~
~~~c~

-J,/'rU~ ~~
~- j-

r;!6,..4,
LA-L-~
The writer ’s ability can be put to use
in any field requiring unique thinking
and creativity. Vocationally, he
functions best in situations that
challenge his originality to unfold.
He may use this talent to originate
new product designs, an architectural
drawing, or a new marketing
strategy. Whatever his occupation,
he is likely to bring an
individualistic touch to his work.
Besides giving him vocational
advantages, original ability can be
used
profitably in the writer's private life
and to make his hobbies more creative.
Ostentation
Excessive and ungainly elaboration of
letters means ostentation. The
indicator is especially significant when
it occurs in the signature.
Trait description:
The writer craves an excessive amount
of attention. He is a showoff who
upsets others with his patronizing
attitude and his pomposity. He makes
a pretentious or vain display of himself
intended to invite praise or flattery.
He is out to impress and to be
admired. Because he is insecure, he is
trying to put up a front of confidence he
does not have. He is egocentric and
attempts to project an exaggerated air
of importance. Foremost, he is
striving to impress.
Frequently, this urge gets out of
control, degenerating into pompousness
and posturing conceit.
Most of the time, he is a swaggering
braggart. He makes unreasonable
demands and he habitually exaggerates.
He is trying to build himself up
with sensational claims which are not
based on reality. He may use
extravagant mannerisms or boast. He is
trying to squeeze every ounce of
drama out of every situation. The
effect he feels he is creating carries him
away.
The writer spends much time
reflecting
and making elaborate preparations with
little follow-through. He wastes time
and energy without actually starting to
work. He uses his energies erratically,
applies them in the wrong place, or
preoccupies himself with trifles. He
suffers from a conflict between pretense
and actual performance and/or skills.
Mentally inefficient, he reacts with fear
when faced with the realities of life.
The writer ’s taste is such, that he
is likely to clutter his home with cheap
and junky ornaments, believing them
to be artistic and desirable. He
probably
dresses in an ostentatious and gaudy
style and is affected and boastful. The
reaction of other people is usually
negative. But the more the writer
feels the disapproving reaction by
others, the more he will push for effect.
Persistence
A tied stroke in any of the three zones
indicates persistence. Persistence
pertains to the zone in which the stroke
occurs.

Trait description:
The writer tries over and over in an
effort to succeed. Bringing persistence
to any task, he works diligently toward
bringing projects to completion.
The writer approaches each obstacle as
a challenge. Because he continues what
he is doing despite difficulties, he is
much more likely to succeed.
Circumstances may force him to make
detours, but faith in himself and his
ultimate success seldom falters.
Despite obstacles, he feels compelled to
make another attempt. He will rally his
forces and, if necessary, begin again
and again. He does not give up
easily, and few
things discourage him. Failure and
setbacks only make him more
determined to succeed. If he is
unsuccessful at the first try, he will find
alternative means to accomplish what
he has set out to do. If one method fails,
he tries another.

His capacity to persevere in the face of

difficulties usually makes him a
good
employee. Whatever job he is
assigned to, he will apply himself
persistently and with determination to
succeed. Quitting is against his nature.
When working for the boss, he is
not likely to be a clock-watcher; he
will persevere until the job is finished.
The persistent writer would function
well in the healing arts, in
emergency situations, in engineering or
the military, in political and financial
enterprises, and in most types of
investigative work.
With persistence very high, the
writer
will persevere, even if it would be
better to make changes. The trait keeps
him from being able to shift gears and
getting back on the right track. He
continues when things no longer work
to advantage, or when others who are
important to him refuse to cooperate.
Pessimism
Sinking writing lines or individual
words that descend reveal a pessimistic
attitude.

Trait description:
The writer is a worrier. He tends to see
the difficulties and disadvantages of a
situation rather than the favorable side
of it. This adds a negative aspect to
his thinking and to his general outlook
on life. He has an inclination to look on
the dark side of things. He tends to
expect a poor outcome in most
circumstances.
Hardly a day goes by in which he does not feel a vague sense of
uneasiness. Gloom and depression descend on him without warning.
Even though things may be going well for him, he acts as if a cloud
is constantly hanging over him.
Expecting the worst to happen, he is
not particularly surprised when it does.
The writer feels he has to try harder
than others to attain his goals. Negative
in his approach to problems, he is
discouraged before he starts. With an
attitude of “can’t do,” rather than “can
do,” he believes achievement will be
difficult. He is unable to see beyond that
which stands in the way of the
successful completion of projects.
He can become quite disheartened
when things are not going according
to plan. He tends to become
pessimistic and
discouraged over this.
Discouragement then affects his
outlook as well as his mental attitude.
His focus is on how dejected he feels
rather than on what he can do about
circumstances.
Pessimism prevents the writer from
developing a flexible attitude. He
overestimates obstacles to such an
extent that he finds it difficult to follow
a line of action. His negative outlook is
apt to depress other people as well, and
it makes it difficult for them to stay
around for any length of time.
Physical energy and
emotional memory
Physical energy and emotional
memories are shown by the depth of
writing pressure. Pressure may be
heavy, medium, or light.

Pressure heavy
Yo u ma y have heard the phrase, “They have an elephant’s
memory.” Those are the heavy pressure writers. They are the kind of
people who seem to remember forever, and who hold grudges
indefinitely. Conversely, they will also remember when someone did
them a good deed. What happened to them long
ago will often influence their behavior
today.
The writer ’s feelings run so deep
that incidents that would have little
impact on some people exert great
influence on him. Soaking up every
emotional experience as if he were a
blotter, he may be under their influence
for a very long time. Inclined to hate
with fury and love with fervor, he
tends to become strongly biased by
past experiences. Memories keep
preying on his mind, and he holds
grudges a l m o s t forever. Because of
his long-lasting feelings, he
also has enduring friendships and
loyalties.

The writer has a large amount of energy

that he rarely exhausts through
normal productivity or sexual activities.
He enjoys challenges, and most of the
time he exerts more force against
obstacles that is necessary. H i s
strength and
physical accomplishment are
important criteria for success. He may
set a rapid pace for others, and he
keeps going when they can no longer
endure.
He enjoys hard physical work, vigorous
contact sports and the physical aspects
of sex. In each instance, his body
responds fully and readily to the
demand. Active manual labor helps use
up the writer's stamina. If unreleased,
the pent-up energy becomes tension.
With a large degree of physical
endurance, he can work hard for
long periods of time with only short
pauses
for rest. He tends to become
increasingly tense the longer something
takes to work out. However, once the
job is finished, the tension is released
and he is able to relax.
Vocations suitable for this writer would
be all kinds of manual labor, such as
lumbering, mining, farm labor,
excavating, road building, the
handling of freight or carrying mail on
foot.
With extremely heavy pressure, the
writer is in a state of abnormal tension.
He continually feels agitated and
uptight.
Being in a strained state has become
normal for him. Tension in him is
caused by something unresolved in
either body or mind. The writer pulls
himself along by conscious effort and is
driven to accomplish through fear
instead of creative energy. Suffering
the negative effects of the strain he is
putting on himself, he has to exert
himself beyond any useful limit just to
hold on. He appears to be in a chronic
state of irritability. Being delayed or
thwarted increases tension even more.
He cannot do what he must easily
enough to work
productively and effectively. Ignoring
his body's need for nutrition and rest,
he tries too hard and exerts too much
effort, thereby increasing the pressure
he puts on himself,

Pressure
medium

The writer has sufficient energy with

which to accomplish his purposes, and
a little in reserve. With normal amounts
of sleep, he has adequate stamina to stay
with something until it is completed.
He can demand performance from
himself,
both in the physical and in the mental
area, without becoming unduly
fatigued. However, he does not like to
be challenged to perform above the load
he is accustomed to carrying. Usually,
such writers start from a satisfactory
balance between intellectual and mental
drives.

Emotional experiences are remembered,

but the writer does not become biased
by them. They stay with him for a fair
amount of time and may affect
present
behavior temporarily. Only some
experiences leave a lingering
impression. Others he forgets as he
becomes concerned with other matters.
New experiences crowd out unpleasant
memories. In general, he lives more
in the present than in the past.

Pressure
light

The writer has more mental than

physical energy. What he
accomplishes is usually the result of
thought. Physical activity is not as easy
or natural for him,
especially if it is prolonged and
exhausting. He is less inclined to
become involved physically.
Because he tends to neglect the physical
side of his being, he may have poorer
health and less recuperative strength.
He becomes discouraged more easily,
and his endurance is less. A normal
day's work leaves the writer exhausted,
and sufficient sleep is mandatory for
him. This is exacerbated by the fact
that he probably takes little interest in
physical fitness.
The writer is trying to avoid friction
as
much as possible and is more inclined
to compromise. He cannot “use his
elbows,” so to speak. He rarely
becomes a leader.
Meeting others halfway is part of his
strategy of getting along. Even in
instances where he feels deeply about
something, he is willing to negotiate.
He adapts in order to avoid tension and
prevent a dispute. The writer ’s
interests are inclined to be more
intellectual or spiritual than physical,
and he is less inclined to become a
leader.
Emotional experiences are forgotten rather quickly, because feelings
are expended at the time and not absorbed. Even though he may
suffer from incidents that affect his feelings adversely, he soon
forgets or becomes concerned with other matters. He would be more
inclined to worry about the future than the past.
No matter how moving an incident
might be at the moment, in due time it
fades, having left little imprint upon the
personality. Since the writer does not
harbor emotionally-based grudges, he
has a more unbiased attitude.
The slower the speed of writing, the
less energy the light pressured writer
has.

Compatibility between
heavy and light writers
Depth of writing is a significant
criterion
in establishing compatibility. Partners
with the same kind of pressure usually
encounter far fewer problems. With
widely- discrepant scores,
misunderstandings are likely to occur.
What pleases the heavy writer is often
overwhelming for the light-writing
spouse. To the light writer, the heavy-
pressure mate may appear too
physically demanding, too physically
“turned on” too often, and too serious
and challenging in regard to the
conversations he seeks. To heavy
writers, light-writing mates may
seem
superficial, hypersensitive,
unnecessarily complaining about
hardships, and weak.
Physical orientation
Long lower loops express physical
orientation. The indicator is intensified
through the presence of loops in the
small letter p.
Trait description:
The writer is physically motivated and
inclined to express himself in terms of
bodily activity. His initial reaction to
anything is usually on the physical level
and he performs best when he can act
rather than think.
A doer rather than thinker, the writer has predominantly physical
interests. His body gives him good support when he places demands
on it. In sports, at physical labor, his body is right there working for
him and with him. These are
the areas where he gains most of his
ego satisfying experiences. The writer
has a healthy amount of physical energy
that he can express positively in work,
sex, or other productive activities.
He has the strength to sustain long
hours of work and maintain a high
performance level. Hard work
invigorates him, so does running,
walking, swimming, hugging, or any
activity that connects his body with the
rest of the world.
The writer ’s initial reaction to
anything is usually on the bodily level.
He will take action to work something
out rather
than think his way around
obstacles.
Instead of planning ahead, he organizes
projects as he goes along. He may need
someone else to schedule his programs,
because to him the mental effort is
troublesome and tiring. He is more than
willing to let others work with theory.
His action orientation works to advantage in emergencies. He acts
quickly while others are still thinking.
The writer ’s need for physical activity suggests a career that keeps
him active and involved. Feeling most satisfied
when he can move around, he would be
frustrated by mental work. He has to
move about to relieve boredom and
needs at least some physical exercise as
part of the job. If he is merely sitting,
he feels unproductive and becomes
frustrated or begins to brood. If
working in a sedentary job, he has to
shift his position frequently. He may
walk about, even while holding a
serious conversation.
The writer may have the habit
of yawning or falling asleep while
other people are talking or socializing.
They
may be offended by this alleged slight,
especially when he snaps back as soon
as something of interest enters the
conversation.
The writer may encounter difficulties in
relationships with more
mentally-oriented people. They tend to
feel that he is pressuring them into
physical activities without considering
their needs.
It would be difficult for this person to
stay retired from active life or from at
least engaging in physical activity.
Positiveness
Firm downstrokes in upper-zone letters
such as b and l indicate positiveness..
This downstroke is straight instead of
rounded and ends at the baseline.

Trait description:
The writer has mental tenacity
and
firmness of conviction. He is firm when
the occasion demands it and he keeps
to his chosen course. Since his
conclusions are the result of
conscious decisions, they are important
to him. He determines carefully what it
is he really wants and then keeps his
mind filled with that positive image.

Onc e the writer decides on a goal,

he follows through. He is more likely
to create his o w n opportunities.
When
faced with obstacles, he takes them as
opportunities and moves forward. He
either finds a way or makes one.
His pattern is to continue and keep
going.
Vocationally, positiveness is an asset
because the individual moves ahead
resolutely in whatever work he has
chosen. He gets more done. He serves
well in the healing arts, emergency
situations, the military, political and
financial enterprises. It is valuable in
fields such as exploring, or missionary
work.
Despite his positive stand, the writer
can
be influenced by facts. He will
change his opinions, but only if he sees
the advantage of doing so, or if he can
be convinced that a change of position
would be of benefit.
Precision
Carefully retraced p stems
demonstrate precision.

Trait description:
The writer is exacting of himself and
precise in his work. He follows through
correctly on all obligations. He sticks to
standards and the letters of the law in
his assignments, and accuracy is
extremely
important to
him.

As an employee, he requires little

supervision. Conscientious and reliable,
he does every job exactly to prescribed
specifications. His whole focus is on
being precise in everything. He
completes his work with much
exactitude and is correct to the
last
detail.
He will not tolerate anything slipshod,
and unless he can do a job well, he does
not want to do it at all. In a work
setting, he might find himself feeling
irritated or critical of others when their
thinking or working style is less
precise. He is always aware of what
should be permitted and what should
not. In personal relations, this can be an
irritant.
To the boss, it could seem that he
spends too much time doing the job
(unless, of course, the boss possesses
the same trait).
Precise in all he does, the writer is
likely to be punctual and expects
everyone else to be just as prompt. He
would work to advantage in positions
involving exact observation,
measurements, or strict specifications.
Precision is also useful in supervising
and inspecting, drill instruction, reform
work, fine technical labor, electrical
wiring and prescription filling. It adds
to the effectiveness as proofreader,
auditor, accountant and dental
technician.
With precision very high, the writer
can
be machine-like in many ways. Things
will be done precisely, and anything
less than perfect would be intolerable.
Pride
A d or t-stem that is 2½ to 3 times the
height of middle zone letters manifests
pride.

Trait description:
The writer has a sense of pride. He likes
to think well of himself and wants to
be highly regarded by others.
Concerned
about his public and private image, he
tries hard in every area of his life. He
wants to make a good impression, and
approval means much to him. He
derives much satisfaction when others
notice his accomplishments.
Conversely, he would feel very
uncomfortable with a lesser
performance.
His pride in the vocational area is especially pronounced. Not
wanting his image tarnished, he experiences a sense of failure when
he falls short of what is expected of him. Pride is the measuring stick
for what he is and what he wishes to achieve.
As an employee, he will go to great
lengths to be valuable to the
company that employs him. He can be
depended upon to do his best, because
he does not want to create a bad
impression, especially on those in
authority. Praise will make him try
harder. Setting a high standard of
achievement in all he does, he would
also expect his subordinates to do their
best if he were placed in a
managerial position. The desire to be
thought of well is one of his strongest
motivations.
Pride would be a deterrent to
impulsiveness. The writer usually
manages to seem controlled, because
he does not wish to appear to
disadvantage. He disciplines himself
out of concern for his personal and
public image.
Pride may sometimes be felt in areas
that are outside the law. There may be
pride in criminal accomplishments,
for instance in the “perfect crime.”
Procrastination
t-bars to the left of the stem expose
procrastination. This is intensified by
i-dots to the left of the stem.

Trait description:
The writer tends to be tardy about some
aspects of his work or behavior. He puts
off what he fears or does not want to do
for a number of individual
reasons.
Waiting for a “better time” he defers
action, because few things seem
important enough to act on immediately.
He holds back on doing things he does
not enjoy.

Procrastination can cause the writer a

great deal of trouble in his work and in
his personal relationships. As a fearful
starter, he has a tendency to let
situations and assignments slide.
Deadlines may be violated when he
“puts off until
tomorrow” and tries to skim by at the
last moment. Not known for
punctuality, the writer is often careless
about time. As an employee, he may
be late for work. Others may find him
making excuses or complaining about
the workload.
With his work being frequently late, the
writer may create an unfavorable track
record. Others may find it difficult to
adjust to his habit of lateness. By
violating commitments, he may
forfeit the confidence of those who see
him procrastinate and are perturbed
by his
laxity. What he views as harmless
procrastination, others may interpret as
a sinful waste of time.
Procrastination often makes the writer
anxious. By delaying action he need not
come to terms with problems at the
moment, but this does not solve the
situation; it merely postpones it. He
lets situations build up, but all the time,
he is uncomfortably aware that he will
have to do the task sooner or later. He
worries about work left undone rather
than devoting energy to doing it.
As a sales person he may postpone appointments or reschedule at
the last minute. He may miss opportunities by delaying action,
because he procrastinates beyond the auspicious moment.
The writer may be a poor credit risk. He
will delay unpleasant facts, such as
dealing with his unpaid obligations.
Repression
Frequent upward retracing of
downstrokes manifests repression.

Trait description:
Repression is a defense mechanism in
which painful or threatening
experiences and impulses are
automatically excluded from
consciousness. An urge or impulse
blocked from expression so that it
cannot be experienced consciously or
directly expressed in behavior.
The concept of repression was
originally developed by Freud to
account for the fact that his patients
often failed to recall the events that
produced their symptoms.
At first Freud felt that repression
produced anxiety, but he later reversed
the order and came to believe that
anxiety produced repression. In time,
this interpretation was used not only to
explain lapses of memory, but the
tendency to expel from consciousness
unacceptable sexual desires, dangerous
feelings of hostility, and ego-
threatening impulses of all kinds.
Even though repression may banish
objectionable memories or impulses
from consciousness, it does not deprive
them of their dynamic force, and they
may express themselves in many
indirect ways, as in dreams, fantasies,
jokes, slips of the tongue, vague
feelings of guilt, insecurity and
uneasiness, as well as neurotic and
psychotic symptoms.
Repression is probably the most basic
defense mechanism and the one most
frequently called upon to protect the
ego. Moreover, it appears to be
involved in many of the other defenses,
for example, when the writer fails to
perceive unpleasant realities [self-
deceit] or protects himself from hurt by
withdrawing into himself.
The writer tends to force painful
thoughts and impulses into
his
subconscious mind. Repressing from
consciousness unacceptable desires or
ideas helps him to control impulses
that would evoke guilt feelings and
anxiety. Or he may be blocking from
awareness negative aspects of himself
in order to maintain a more positive
self-regard. Rather than expressing and
coping with his problems and fears, he
bottles them up inside of him. Unable
to consciously accept his inner nature,
he operates with a good deal of
repression and denial.
Like other defense mechanisms, repression has both advantages and
disadvantages. It may help the writer to
control impulses that arouse guilt
feelings or run counter to the moral
code. It may protect him against
traumatic experiences until he is better
prepared to assimilate them.
Nevertheless, it is a form of escape, and
is it usually better to face problems
than to evade them.
Since the repressed material continues
to exist in the unconscious, repression
is never performed once and for all but
requires a constant expenditure of
energy to maintain it. Not surprisingly,
when the writer uses energy for the
purpose of
repression, he frequently does not
have enough of it left for other
purposes.
Resentment
An inflexible initial stroke beginning
from the baseline or below indicates
resentment.

Trait description:
The writer has been taken advantage
of in the past und is unable to forget old
hurts. Wounded by failure to reap the
proper rewards for past efforts, he is in
a constant state of preparedness against
further impositions. Whether such
alleged intrusions are real or imagined,
his reaction will be the same. He feels
imposed upon if asked to perform above
the regular call of duty and he becomes
resentful if taken for granted for too
long.

With the proverbial “elephant’s

memory” he harbors grudges for a long
time and is a lasting enemy. He can
say
outwardly that he forgives, but
inwardly he never forgets. The person
who offended him, may have long
forgotten the incident and is probably a
loss to understand why the writer is so
angry with him.
Vocationally, the writer does well in
commercial or military jobs where
some mass goal needs to be achieved
and where everyone knows that little
time can be spent on being thoughtful of
each participant’s smaller needs.
Responsibility, desire
for
Large initial loops on capital letters
such a s M, N, H and J shows the
desire for responsibility. The intensity
of the trait is reinforced by initial loops
in middle zone letters.
Trait description:
The writer feels the need for greater
responsibility than he presently has. He
yearns to enhance his status in the
eyes of others and to improve his
opinion of himself. Being stuck in the
same old rut is very painful and he
seeks an active challenge and greater
accountability.
The writer is more likely than any
other employee to accept additional
duties without complaining. He is
even prepared to shoulder the
obligations of others if he feels it
necessary. He wants
to rise to a position of authority and
revels in all the honors and privileges it
confers. A smart employer will add
some important sounding
responsibilities to his job so that the
writer will at least think he is at the top.
It will allow him to save face with
himself.

Occasionally, the writer may

complain that everyone depends on him
and that he is forced to carry the whole
load, but in reality, he loves it. If
someone tries to
relieve him of his burden or lend a
helping hand, he will disdainfully
refuse help. He will accept orders
from his superiors while he deems it
necessary but in reality, he considers
his job an important stepping stone in
his drive to take over and be in charge.
The thought never leaves his mind for
an instant.
The trait does not necessarily mean that
the writer is a responsible person. It has
nothing to do with inherent talent of
ability. Feeling capable does not always
mean the person is qualified. The desire
is based on feeling, not necessarily on
experience or facts.
The writer ’s need to
assume responsibility may stand in the
way of good relations with others. He
alienates others with his tendency of
trying to take charge. Others feels his
pressure and fight against it.
While the trait does not suggest specific
vocational fields, it does inform how
much responsibility the writer is
going to want. It forewarns that he may
try to expand his own authority too
quickly while working for someone
else.
Responsiveness
Slant in writing reveals a person’s
degree of emotional responsiveness or
lack of it. It provides information how
people react to others and to their
environment. Slant can be toward the
right, vertical, or toward the left.

Right slant

Right slanted writing reveals immediate

emotional responsiveness.
Trait description:
Right slanted writers respond immediately on the emotional
level. They show feelings quickly and easily. They laugh more
readily and cry more easily.
Predominantly influenced by their
emotions, they are likely to let their
feelings overrule their judgment. That
means that decisions are based on
subjective impressions rather than
objective facts. Their emotions tend to
take over the responsibility that the
mind should perform.

Their subjective attitude tends

to
determine their opinion of other people
and this, in turn, affects their
relationships with them. Easily hurt by
coldness or disinterest, they prefer
friends and associates to whom they
can show exactly how they feel.
More likely than most other people to
become prejudiced, they tend to form
intense likes and dislikes for people,
places and things. Whatever they
believe, they believe intensely, and
whatever they dislike, they dislike with
fervor.
Since these folks are so
emotional
themselves, they can easily touch the
feelings of others. On the other hand,
their emotional behavior may become
an irritant to those who are more
restrained.
Emotional responsiveness is valuable in
professions such as nursing, reception
work, teaching, the healing arts, service
organizations, domestic help, and
anywhere where people must deal with
the public in a service related way.

Vertical slant
Ve r t i c a l verifies objectiveness
and
emotional
control.

Trait description:
The writer ’s actions are governed
by judgment rather than emotion. With
his feelings under control, he can meet
problems objectively.
Entering each situation in a matter-
of-
fact sort of way, the writer has a natural
poise, or equability, that seldom deserts
him, even in moments of great stress. In
an emergency he can be counted on
to carry through with composure. A
substantial degree of objectivity helps
to stabilize responsive tendencies and
prevents impulsive action.

Levelheaded and composed, the

writer
is just as controlled in expressing
affection and compassion, as he would
be in expressing more negative
feelings. It is unlikely that he would
burden others with his personal
problems.
F unc t i o ni ng best where
emotional display is not the rule, he
sets for others an example for
moderation. He probably thinks of his
controlled behavior as a benefit and
appreciates similar restraint in others.
Facing emotional situations with
calmness and composure, he may be
sometimes misunderstood by
more
responsive persons, to whom he may
appear somewhat unconcerned and
restrained.

Left slant

Left slant indicates emotional

withdrawal. Emotional responsiveness
is very limited.

Trait description:
The writer rarely reveals his inward
responses and instead presents a front of
cool indifference. While he does not
lack emotions, he prefers to keep them
private. Apparently, he has learned
early in life to keep to himself what is
going on inside, his joys as well as his
suffering.

His interest is withdrawn from the

outer
world and concentrated on his inner
self; his focus in on his own thoughts,
needs and desires. He shuns social
interaction, and is content to work
alone. He invites neither closeness nor
intimacy. Inclined to ask, “How will
this benefit me?” he feels the only one
he can count on is himself.
Although he may appear communicative
and mix with other people, it is in a
detached and impersonal way. While he
may be friendly and outgoing on the
surface, he actually gives very little of
himself.
Any job demanding restraint of emotion
would be suitable for him. Surgeons,
executioners, professional gamblers,
bill collectors, traffic enforcers, are
examples of such professions.
Important! The withholding of
emotions may result in a build-up of
tension. When the controls break, pent-
up emotions may be released as an
erupting force.
Reticence
Closed ovals such as o, a, signify
reticence.

Trait description:
The trait of reticence does not imply a
conscious or calculated effort to be
silent; rather, it is a natural quality of
the writer.
The writer refrains from talking. He
is
habitually silent and
uncommunicative. He can speak when
he wants to, but where his deep
personal feelings are concerned he is
quiet and reserved.
In interpersonal relationships, the
writer does not talk much unless
discussing a pet subject. He appears
hesitant and uncommunicative, most of
the time. He needs much coaxing to
speak of matters of personal concern.
He seems to feel threatened by overt
communication and usually keeps his
thoughts and ideas within.
When the writer is most upset, he is
least inclined to talk it out. When he
feels uneasy, he is more likely to
communicate through covert methods, or
not at all.

The writer ’s communication with

others is composed mostly of
agreements or silence. He is more
inclined to listen to what other people
are saying than to speak himself. When
he talks, he has a strong need for
assurance that he has
said and concluded the right
thing.
The writer rarely comes right to the
point. Instead, he starts talking
around what he really wants to say. He
is more likely to write down his most
personal thoughts than to express them
verbally. (He probably e-mail over
the phone.) He may be afraid to
disagree or argue because he is afraid of
losing friends. As a result, something
unspoken frequently stands between
him and those close to him.
The writer refuses to tell others how
he
really feels and thereby denies them the
support they may be glad to give. On
the other hand, he often feels people
should be doing things for him
without direct request and he may feel
slighted when they don’t perceive his
needs.
On the upside, the writer is easier to be
around because his does not talk about
his own upsets incessantly. He keeps
quiet when others want to share their
thoughts with him. His silence is
reassuring. He is a good confidante and
a discreet friend. His private life and the
personal concerns of those close to him
are kept in strict
confidence.
Reticence is an excellent vocational
trait in confidential positions and in
situations requiring discretion. The
writer would fit well into banking,
investments, insurance, property
management or corporation law, and
the diplomatic service, for example.
Sarcasm
Sharply pointed t-bars in slow writing
verify sarcasm.

Trait description:
Sarcasm is a defense trait and serves
as an outlet of hostility. It is usually
exercised as a result of specific inner
tensions. Often, it may be directed at
an innocent victim serving as a
scapegoat. It usually involves mental
activities, such as thoughts and words
and the sharp or biting expression of
them; physical activity or actions is
seldom, if ever, involved.
The writer easily resorts to sarcasm
when he is irritated, and annoyance can
lead to stinging retorts. Frustration is
usually met with sarcasm and often
directed at the wrong target.
When his ego is wounded, he is capable
of saying bitterly cruel and sarcastic
things to others, things he may not
mean
at all. He has a stinging tongue when
he wants to use it. He feels he, himself,
will be safe from attack because others
will be afraid of him.

the writer ’s sarcasm can easily

hurt others’ feelings. These hurts may
be remembered for a long time.
Because of his sharp tongue, others may
be afraid to bring their problems to
him. He may easily be seen by others
as an unpleasant
person.
While the writer can be sarcastic with
others, he will not tolerate it the other
way around. He gets quite defensive
when others use cutting language
with him.
As long as the people around him don’t
take his caustic remarks
personally, things go smoothly, but if
they fear the writer ’s sharp tongue they
will be afraid to bring their problems to
him and misunderstandings are bound to
result.
Secretiveness
Ovals that are closed with a loop on the
right side denote secretiveness.

Trait description:
The writer consciously keeps to
himself what he does not w a n t to
reveal. In
personal relationships, he is secretive
and uncommunicative. Openness is
not his style. He needs much
coaxing to speak of matters of personal
matters. He does not like to discuss his
private life and guards his inner feelings
carefully from prying eyes.

The writer will never confide in

strangers, and there are things even his
best friends don’t know. For no apparent
reason he withholds information from
family and friends. Much goes on
inside
of him that no one ever hears
about.
The writer is more inclined to listen to
what other people are saying than to
speak himself. While he refuses to
take anyone into his confidence, he will
listen to others carefully as they confide
their secrets to him. He is discreet
and will not violate their trust.
The writer would function to advantage
in positions requiring discretion. He
fits best into banking, investments,
insurance, property management or
corporation law, for example.
Selectiveness
Narrow lower zone loops illustrate
selectiveness.

Trait description:
Selectiveness is a defense trait related
to a less than adequate self-concept, to
jealousy and self-consciousness. It is
an unconscious part of the writer’s
character which affects every area of
his personality. It restricts his
willingness to engage in new activities
and experiences. If the writer is
intelligent and creative, his basic
personality may work. Otherwise, he
may perform below his true level of
ability. Work that may be within his
capacity may be avoided because it
involves too close contact with others.
In extreme cases, the trait may be
symptomatic of neurotic tendencies.
The writer is insecure in the give-and-
take that is normal in daily
encounters.
Consequently, he restricts his friendship
to a limited number of people. He is
careful to choose only individuals with
compatible interests. He withdraws
from personal contacts that he,
himself, has not initiated and shares his
more intimate concerns only with the
members of this select group.
Hampered by his fears, he cannot
interact spontaneously with people
who might turn him down.
The writer gains security from belonging to his clique where
individual members usually support each other. They lean on each
other for the strength they do not have. Their solidarity hides their
fears from others so that, to a degree, they appear successful on
the outside.
The people the writer has chosen mean
a lot to him, because that choice was
conscious and considered. While he
selects few friends, those chosen are
held very dear.
The writer ’s selective attitude may
not always apparent. It may be
camouflaged by casual interest in
many people. He may, in fact, be an
excellent mixer. He may be well
accepted in business circles or active in
organizations. But these relationships
are superficial. Only a chosen few are
admitted to the true circle of
intimates.
The writer would function best in
occupations requiring formality, such as
bank manager, funeral director, district
attorney, trust officer, or hospital
administrator.
Self-castigation
Final strokes turning up and backward
over the previous letter or word, reveal
self-castigation.

Trait description:
Self-castigation is a defense to keep a
large amount of hostility repressed.
Unfortunately, this is a poor solution
because blocked anger pushes inward
where it turns into contempt and hatred
for self. As a result, the writer tends to
be less effective in life. Flooded
continually with subconscious hostility,
he is so tense and exhausted that he has
little energy for more productive
efforts.
The writer suffers from self-blame and
subconsciously seeks self-
punishment. He often blames himself
for circumstances over which he has no
control.
Still, he persistently and urgently courts
his own disadvantage. He apparently
finds satisfaction for a deep need in this
way; it seems as if he takes pleasure in
his own misfortune. Even though he
may be unaware of both the nature of
the need and of its existence, he
continuously displays evidence of it.

Surprisingly, these individuals are

often
effective in assisting other people to
direct their lives while they are
incredibly inept in managing their own.
They virtually seize every opportunity
to achieve a state in which they will
be miserable. They are self-torturing.
They unconsciously seek experiences
which are punishing and embarrassing
to them, a nd the y tend to expose
themselves to humiliation and attack.
Some of these people are so gifted that
they seemingly get along in life, or
even appear successful. But if their
achievements are viewed in context
of
their capabilities, their
underachievement becomes obvious.
They may choose the wrong job or
gravitate toward work they despise and
which utilizes their capabilities only
minimally.
Basically, the writer longs to extirpate
vague feelings of guilt. He loathes
himself for not being the remarkable
person that he feels he should be and
his self hatred comes out in many ways,
sometimes quickly, sometimes over
many years. It may be revealed in
destructive acts such as overeating,
alcoholism, use of dangerous drugs,
hazardous sports and self-humiliating
behavior of all kinds. The writer
punishes himself and jeopardizes his
life in many ways.
Sometimes the self-inflicted humiliation
eases his guilt and for a time he can
make more constructive efforts on
his own behalf. However, unless
checked by healthy traits, the defensive
behavior will continue to accelerate.
Self-confidence
1. Personal pronoun I
proportionate to overall writing
size.
2. Signature proportionate
to writing
3. Height of middle zone
letters medium to large.
4. t-bars in upper third of stem
Trait description:
The writer is assured and confident. He is courageous in the face of
difficult circumstances. He faces up to challenges
as a matter of course. He knows he can
handle problems if he has to. He
functions well in his life and in his job
because he knows his own strength and
potential.
His confidence is based on his ability to
achieve and is in no way held up by, or
dependent on, the opinion of others.
The writer is threatened only by very
large responsibilities. He has bigger
concepts and thinks in bigger terms
than most people. He functions well
in his job because he knows his own
strength and potentials. Because of this
he works to advantage in situations
that call for leadership.
The ability to communicate is
influenced by confidence. The writer
is not afraid
to speak his mind. He is able to accept
criticism or different opinions that
others may offer. He contributes his
own ideas to make his work more
efficient and productive. He is willing
to apply new techniques to new
situations, and he accepts responsibility
for the consequences.
The writer has the drive and the
enthusiasm necessary to develop his
talents. He is willing to take risks to
get ahead and confident in his ability to
achieve his goals. He has learned that
there are a few irremediable
mistakes,
and he regards mistakes as a
challenge to keep trying, not a loss of
approval and prestige, or as a
humiliation to be avoided at any cost.
The writer likes strength in others, too,
and looks for it. Self-sufficiency in a
person is what he admires most.
Self-consciousness
A higher final hump on the letters M,
N,
m or n exposes self-
consciousness.

Trait description:
The writer is ill at ease in the presence
of strangers or in unfamiliar situations.
He feels inept in new relationships and
does not know what to do. Meeting
strangers is difficult for him.
Unfamiliar
surroundings and people put him off. In
any public appearance, he feels strained
and ill at ease. Since he is so anxious
under emotional pressure, he feels
that he is unable to handle it.

The writer seems to take a long

time
before he feels at ease in a group, even
if the people know him. When someone
draws him out in conversation, he
seems to be grateful for the attention
and begins to brighten perceptibly. In
general, he seems to be more eager
to hear what other people are saying
than to speak himself.
These individuals prefer to be left alone
to do the assigned tasks by themselves.
Supervision makes them nervous. They
want to do the best job of which they
are capable, but they can’t do it easily
with someone looking over their
shoulder.
These individuals fit well where they
are in the background with little notice.
They are able warehousemen, stock,
filing or shipping clerks, mine and mill
workers, cooks, bakers, machine
operators, light house tenders or fire
lookouts. They are qualified for editing,
writing, research, invention, and for
positions such as secretaries, domestics,
dental assistants, tailors, or
dressmakers.
Self-control
A curved t-bar bending downwards
reveals self-control.

Trait description:
The writer tries to control
personality characteristics which would
be detrimental to a favorable self image.
He abstains from unacceptable behavior
and
practices self-restraint at most times.
He is held back by his own will
power rather than by external force or
authority.

The writer considers consequences

before he goes into action and rarely
responds before he has the occasion to
think. He suppresses expression of his
feelings deliberately so that he appears
composed and level-headed to others.
He is neither prone to hasty judgment
nor impetuous acts. His responses are
the
result of a conscious thought
process.
The writer appears more objective and
self-possessed and his restraint helps
him to keep his composure in difficult
circumstances. His capacity for control
makes him an asset in an emergency.
He does not crack under pressure, nor
does he doubt his ability to handle the
situation.
If someone is showing a more
emotional response than the writer is
comfortable with, he may increase his
impersonal demeanor and thus signal
to others that he does not appreciate
their apparent
lack of control. His appearance of
reserve in emotional circumstances may
make him less approachable, as far as
other people are concerned.
Since the writer ’s feelings are
less likely to show, they are more
significant when they surface. Under
extreme pressure, he could respond
impulsively; however, such action does
not normally characterize him. When it
does happen, it means that the emotions
within have exploded past the normal
controlled pattern of conduct.
Self-deceit
Initial loops within circle letters betray
self-deceit.

Trait description:
The writer rationalizes. He refuses to
recognize unpleasant facts by denying
their existence. He seems to wear
blinders to shut out anything he does
not want to see. Self-deceit colors
his judgment. Very often he is
unable to admit the truth about himself.
He is an escapist who deceives himself
about the seriousness of a situation
rather then face the truth.

The writer usually avoids

problems rather then face them. He
builds false images by facing only
parts of a difficulty or situation. He
weaves his
own interpretations and expects
reality to conform. Lacking in mature
judgment, he is incapable to deal
effectively with reality. His own faulty
judgment can be seen as the cause of
many of his troubles and his problems
may be largely due to the lies he tells
himself.
Subconsciously, the writer knows
that his reasoning is specious and
disappointment is inevitable. He is not
only deluding himself, eventually
others may think of him as a deceptive
or devious individual.
Self-reliance
Underscoring a signature is the primary
indicator for self-reliance. In order for
the trait to be effective the whole
signature needs to be underlined with a
strong, straight stroke, otherwise the
intensity of the trait is weakened.
Trait description:
Self-reliant writers want to reach their
goals and accomplish their tasks by
themselves or with as little outside help
as possible. They are prepared to meet
life on an independent basis in
everything they do. They are
determined to do everything they can
themselves, in preference to seeking
someone to do it for them. They will
not admit dependence on others.
These indivuals trust their own power of judgment. They
instinctively depend upon their own abilities. They are their own
authority. They are prone to disregard directions and to things “their
own way.” Presented with a job to do or a choice to make, they
know instinctively how to handle it relying on their own ability and
experience. They rarely find it necessary to ask for
assistance. As employees, they
should be put in a position where they
have the freedom to make their own
decisions, answerable, if possible, only
to the boss.
Self-reliant individuals may go into
business for themselves just so they can
make their own choices and have things
their own way. They will labor without
help or encouragement until they
carry out their plans. Their strength
comes from inside and they can always
find a way of going it alone when they
must. If they cannot do something
themselves, they will not ask another to
do it.
Self-reliance is a natural aid to people
in the healing arts and armed
services, for equipment operators,
entertainers and anyone working in
hazardous duty.
Sensitiveness to
criticism
Loope d d- or t-stems reveal that
the writer is sensitive to criticism.

Trait description:
The writer is easily offended or
disturbed by real or imagined
criticism.
His feelings are easily hurt. It takes
very little to get “under his skin.”
Criticism cuts him to the bone and he
usually feels he does not deserve
this kind of treatment, yet he
constantly anticipates to be censored or
rebuked. He is vulnerable to even
unintended slights about his
performance habits, mannerisms, ideas
and beliefs. His feelings get bruised by
something others may not even realize
they said. Any hint of criticism puts
him on the defense, although he will
not readily admit this, even to himself.
His sensitiveness is not
part of his inner consciousness about
himself. It functions unconsciously. His
emotions, which were probably hurt
when he was a child, dictate his
responses.

It is difficult for this individual to deal

with other people because he is so
affected by what they say and do, and
even by the way they say it. He is
overly sensitive to any sign of
rejection, a
laugh, a shrug, or an unfriendly tone of
voice. He is vulnerable to hidden
meanings and often feels shattered by
an innocent remark. He is afraid to
enter into any situation or relationship
where a chance exists that he could be
rebuffed or snubbed. He finds it hard to
put his trust in other people because he
is afraid of being hurt.
The writer believes that others are
saying spiteful things on purpose,
strictly to provoke or irritate him. He
tries to adjust by building a wall of
defenses around himself. He will
avoid, if at all
possible, entering into situations or
relationships where he could be
criticized. Others should remember to
reproach him tactfully and privately,
lest criticism will never accomplish its
intended purpose with him. Most
importantly, he should never be teased.
Any form of censure tends to trigger an
exaggerated reaction.
Because of his own sensitiveness, the
writer will go to great lengths not to
blame others. He will not dish it out
nor does he try to hurt others
unnecessarily. He tries to be
compassionate because he
understands how criticism hurts.
Sensuousness
Pastose (broad) writing confirms
sensuousness. This writing is not
“smeary.”

Trait description:
The degree of sensuousness is an
important factor in personal
relationships because it affects the
whole behavior pattern. The reaction to
sense impressions determine to a large
degree a person’s comfort and
discomfort. It determines culture, the
kind of music liked, the kind of clothing
chosen, and how the food should be
seasoned. The level of sensuousness
affects the nature of hobbies and
recreational activities.
Misunderstandings are almost
inevitable and may get blown out of
proportion because people with
opposing scores simply cannot “tune
in” to how the other one feels. They
will annoy each other unwittingly in so
many ways that it is just a question of
time until a serious quarrel erupts.
The writer has an emotional reaction to
anything that stimulates his senses. He
is pleasure-loving and sensuous. He is
an admirer of beauty and to appeal to
him, an object or idea has to be
attractive to his finely tuned senses.
The writer does not want to hear that
something is “good for him,” “that
everybody else is doing it.” That kind
of persuasion makes him yawn. To
respond with genuine interest, he has
to derive
some sensual satisfaction from
everything he does.
Beauty in all its forms appeals to him.
Fine paintings and symphonies may stir
him greatly, and he may be
tranquilized by the color of the
sky. He will appreciate candlelight,
flower and the sterling silver routine.
He may be visibly moved by freshly
washed sheets with the sweet smell of
sunshine, or by the delicious aroma of
bread baking in the oven. He loves
the fragrance of newly cut grass after
a spring rain, burning wax candles or
the smoke from a
pile of smoldering autumn leaves.
Concerts and exhibits are good bets on
dates, or dining places with the best
chefs, because flat hamburgers and
bland pea soup leave him emotionally
cold. Colors and sounds will affect his
disposition and his emotions deeply.
Discordant colors or sounds can literally
damage his emotional stability.
Unpleasant odors affect him just as
drastically in a negative way. Loud
piercing noises may have the
same effect. If things are harmonious,
he remains tranquil.
The writer ’s sense of feel is a tangible thing. He can almost tell
the color of a fabric by stroking it with his eyes closed. The
materials he wears will be luscious and soft. They will be
luxurious, never irritating, and he will most likely dress with fine
taste.
Body contact is important to the writer;
he uses the sense of touch to convey his
feelings to others. He does not merely
want to feel with the tip of his
fingers, but with the palm of his hand.
He does not want to touch, he wants to
stroke.
Shallow purpose
Curved, basin-like t-bars
suggesness.

Trait description:
The shallow t-bar is associated with the
strength of the will and goal setting.
The bowl shape is a sign that the will
has given way under pressure, meaning
that t h e person does not have the
mental energy or strength to follow
along his
own goals and purposes.

Although the writer may work toward

a goal or goals of some kind, he does
so without seriousness of purpose.
Easily deflected by obstacles, he
abandons his effort at the first signs of
difficulty. With an attitude of “I’ll drop
it if I don’t like it” he may back down
without warning. He seems to find
that it easier to quit than to grapple
with problems.
The writer may be gifted in many areas,
but he lacks the serious intent to apply
himself wholeheartedly to a purpose.
He gives up easily in the face of too
much responsibility and may
conveniently forget what he has agreed
upon. When pressured to accept
liability, he may simply withdraw.
Responsibilities often frighten him, and
he has little hesitation about leaving
them. His main effort is to avoid
accountability and withhold himself as
much as possible.
The writer may let people down who
depend upon him. Under pressure,
he
will desert a partner or a job and seek
better opportunities elsewhere. He will
t h e n repeat the process if he
feels inclined to escape again. He may
be a serious liability to an employer.
Sometimes, these writers simply have
too many responsibilities. They may
feel overwhelmingly burdened, by
(family) responsibilities and demands.
They may merely need a vacation, or
they may be looking forward to a well-
earned retirement.
When the bowl-shaped t-bar is
connected to the following letter,
this
does not count as shallow purpose; this
is fluidity of thinking.
Showmanship
Artistic enrichment of letter structures
is evidence of showmanship.
AR T I S T I C

Trait description:
The writer enjoys being in the limelight
and attracting favorable attention.
An audience and compliments add to his
performance any time. He can
dramatize nearly every situation
whenever
someone is around to see.

The writer likes to do things with style.

An expensive car, a uniform, good
clothes or a title help him to feel
his importance.
With his flair for playing a scene,
he could represent a company in the
promotional field. As a salesman,
he
would always try to make the best
possible impression on prospective
clients. He likely would gather up
an avalanche of good will and orders
for the business. Delivering lectures in
front of an audience is probably
something he likes to do. He makes
more stimulating presentations, because
he often adds an interesting personal
touch.
The writer would function well as a
demonstrator, as he knows how to make
things look good in the public eye. His
ability to sense what the public does
and does not want gives him an
advantage in
business. Others usually listen to
what he has to say.
With that extra “something” about him,
the writer does not remain hidden
easily, and it will be almost
impossible to ignore him. He usually
finds an inoffensive way of getting
people’s attention.
The writer excels when he receives
appreciative feedback. Being constantly
aware of the impression he makes,
however, he is also very sensitive to
criticism.
Simplification
Unessential letter parts are dropped
while essential letter parts are retained.

Trait description:
The writer is mentally efficient and has
a knack for getting to the bottom of
things. He is a discerning thinker who
grasps the essentials and gets to the
heart of a matter at once. He does not
get lost in trivial issues and is highly
effective in eliminating unnecessary
detail. He is a master of simple,
straightforward speech.
He is a productive worker who
concentrates on what is necessary and
gets it done. Instead of making
situations complicated, he simplifies
them. He identifies a problem and then
looks for
the best available
solution.

Simplicity in all its forms appeals to

him. He hates distracting influences
and detests procrastination and delay.
He especially dislikes waste of material
and time. His fast pace may not always
be obvious because he devises so many
shortcuts. He finds many ways
to
streamline methods of operation. He
uses his energies economically to
benefit his job. He works and thinks in
such a manner that the desired result
will be obtained speedily without
lessening of competence. With this
writer, there always exists a
satisfactory ratio between expended
effort and resulting success.
The writer is independent and matter-
of- fact in social and interpersonal
relationships. He expresses what he
feels directly and without
embellishments. Clarity is his
chief
concern in sharing feelings and ideas,
and content is more important to
him than style.
Stubbornness
Braced strokes in the letters d and t
demonstrate stubbornness.

Trait description:
The writer clings to his own beliefs and
convictions. He resists, even in the face
of logic, any attempts to change his
mind. Even when his position is
completely untenable, will he stick to
his guns or to a lost cause. He is
absolutely determined to have his way.
In his resistance to coercion, he does
not discriminate. He resists that
which is good for him as much as that
which is harmful. The trait is
particularly pronounced in situations
where the writer fears that he is losing
face or that others could take control.
Trying to coax the writer out of
his
stubborn mood before it has run its
course is literally impossible. It is like
trying to move the Rock of Gibraltar.
He makes others chafe at his stubborn,
bull- headed attitude. He is so
used to resisting that he finds it
difficult to comply, even when he wants
to. His first reaction to pressure is an
automatic No and as a result, he often
misrepresents himself to others. It is
frustrating to them when he refuses to
budge an inch and nothing they say or
do will persuade him to reconsider.
Incidentally, when he takes a stand, it
is
often because he is opinionated
rather than because he has definite
convictions. His obstinacy serves to
choke doubts within himself and his
beliefs have a stubborn and dogmatic
character.
The writer stands in the way of his own
progress too much of the time. And his
automatic resistance is enough to
discourage people who are truly
trying to help him. Seeing his
automatic resistance, others apply more
pressure. More coercion means more
obstinacy, and the self-defeating cycle
increases in intensity.
Stubbornness works to advantage when
the writer stands up against an adverse
influence. Resisting what is wrong
is positive. It adds to the writer ’s
strength under pressure. When someone
is trying
to bully him, he can hold his
own.
Stubbornness can be a useful addition to
many vocational fields. For instance
professional sports people profit from
the added resolve of stubbornness. It is
of benefit to customs officers, armed
service personnel, right-of-way agents
and all people who need to resist
pressure coming from others in their
work. It is a help to those people who
have to hold on to principles, ideas,
confidences or conscience in the face of
continued pressure to lower standards
by superiors or subordinates.
Superficial thinking
Thready writing with reduced legibility
verifies superficial thinking.

Trait description:
The writer lacks mental discipline and
is a master of superficial thought. He
darts here and there and his
thinking is shallow. He does not probe
into matters;
he prefers to skim along, noticing
only the most obvious facts. He skates
on the surface of subjects, intent only
on covering lots of ground rather than
obtaining in-depth information. He
has no intention to tackle fundamentals.
He examines matters cursorily,
selecting only information he
momentarily needs.
The writer does not bother to weigh
things, but accepts them as he sees
them. Most of the time, he is content
with superficial knowledge, and too
many impressions are allowed to crowd
his mind. While he may know a little
about a
great many things, he lacks the power
to concentrate long and deeply on
any single topic. He is apt to generalize
and skip over important considerations.
He suffers from lack of forethought and
rushes in for the result before
understanding the nature of a difficulty.
He skims across the surface of problems
and offers panaceas but seldom any real
solutions.
The writer is unwilling to commit himself and prefers
compromise to a clear decision. He follows the line of least
resistance, avoiding responsibilities along the way. His attitude
changes according to circumstances. He is always ready to adopt
a new perspective if it seems more expedient to do so. He
avoids
letting himself be pinned down and
always makes sure to leave himself
a way out. In every-day life, he
is unwilling to commit himself.
Basically, he does not know what to
choose and therefore refuses to take a
stand.
Talkativeness
Ovals open at the top verify
talkativeness.

Trait description:
The writer talks automatically. He
enjoys conversation. He expresses his
ideas, thoughts and opinions
impulsively, regardless of
whether
others want to hear them or not.
He blurts out what first comes into his
mind without considered judgment most
of the time.
Where it is important to express
immediately a first response, he works
to advantage. But where a considered
response is required, he is a liability.
He is not likely to take the time for
second thought. And too often, he
speaks so quickly that he finds himself
committed to something he did not
really want to do.
The writer talks so much that he
rarely
hears what others are saying. He
talks and monopolizes other people’s
time. Often, his talking comes to no
point, it is random; he seems to be
talking just to be talking. Mostly he is
too busy chattering to really say much.
Because of this, he often misrepresents
himself, he blunders verbally. He “runs
off at the mouth,” he interrupts and is a
poor listener. He cannot hear what
others are saying because he is talking
himself, or just waiting until he can
say what he wants to. He may talk to
hear the sound of his own voice. He
will be chatting to
strangers, too. He rather enjoys gossip,
and he feels hurt or left out if something
is going on around him that he doesn’t
know about.

The writer ’s true intents and desires

are usually buried under a rush of
irresponsible words. But other people
are likely to assume that he means what
he says, and he will suffer the
consequences. They judge him
according to his impetuous speech and
treat him accordingly.
In relationships, the trait can cause
much harm because it permits many
unkind things to be said by people
who basically like each other. It does
not matter how sorry they are later, a
hasty blunder of speech or a quick
condemnation of a loved one will cause
damage that will take a lot longer to
repair than it did to destroy.
The writer functions best where his
life or livelihood depends upon his
speed of verbal expression.
Talkativeness can be an asset in the
field of verbal communication.
Entertainment, law, high pressure
selling and education are vocations in
which fluency of speech is needed.
Temper
t-bars to the right of the stem prove
temper. The heavier the t-bar and
the sharper the point, the stronger is the
trait.
Trait description:
The writer is quick-tempered and easily
irritated. He sees bright red frequently
at the slightest provocation. He
often lashes out with a burst of anger
for no reason at all. He loses his temper
and responds in an uncontrolled and
irritable manner. Temper is us ually
brought on by rising tension resulting
from disappointment and frustration.
The heat builds up inside and the writer
suddenly flares into an angry outburst
The writer can lose his temper over a trifle. Few who know him
would ever try to provoke him and his friends, family and
coworkers have probably learned never to push him too far. There is
always a chance that he will blow his top. When criticized or
opposed in argument he becomes spitefully indignant and he is
easily infuriated and
upset. He flares up quickly, hits out
blindly and says things he may later
regret. If others challenge his temper by
teasing him, which he cannot stand, or
by applying steady pressure, or
demanding that he do something his
mind is dead set against, he can turn
belligerent. Some little thing may set
him off and suddenly he snaps off
people’s head at the slightest
remark.
Tenacity
F i n a l l e ft- te ndi ng hooks on
letters, words or t-bars reveal tenacity.

Trait description:
Tenacity is indicated by final hooks
which are basically left tending. They
are so-called “back-to-self” strokes
and expose self-protective tendencies.
They also imply clinging to the familiar
and self-interest. Most frequently, the
writer’s tenacity is detrimental to his
environment. He literally “hooks into”
a matter or circumstance for
egotistical reasons. He does not want
to let go of something from which he
hopes to gain a personal advantage.
Egotism hooks, as they were called,
were one of the earliest signs identified
in graphology.
The writer clings to his possessions or
that which he has gained. It is never
easy for him to let go of anything. He
gets a
firm grip and you cannot pry him loose.
It is his intention to hang on at all
costs. He hangs on to what he is doing
or trying to do. Once the decision has
been made and the job has begun, it is
hard to shake him loose. He sticks to
whathe starts and finishes what he
begins. He can become furious when he
suspects someone is trying to take
something from him, either emotionally
or tangibly.
With money, the writer is conservative and may be a bit stingy.
Security is important to him and he feels less vulnerable with cash in
the bank. Economy is natural for him and he tries hard to save. He
does not believe in being lavish nor is he particularly attracted to
luxuries. He does not waste
money and can account at any time
for his resources.
Tenacity for the writer can be good or
bad, depending on the situation and the
principles involved. When he is holding
on for the right reasons, this adds to the
firmness of his character. On the other
hand, if he is inflexible for the wrong
reasons, this trait may keep him from
being able to shift gears and get back
on right track. He does not know
when to let go. He continues when
things no longer work to his advantage
or when others who are important to
him refuse
to cooperate.
Vanity
d- or t-stems higher than 3½ times
the size of the middle zone letters are
evidence of vanity.

Trait description:
Vanity is a defense trait. Basically the
writer insecure; he feels less than
others around him but wants to project
an outward appearance of confidence
and superiority. The writer’s basic fear
is that someone would see through the
façade and detect his inner
insecurities. He does not want anyone
to discover how he really feels about
himself.
The writer feels insecure and
unappreciated, uncertain and
vulnerable. To compensate, he has an
excessive need for praise of his
appearance and accomplishments. He
offsets his feelings of inadequacy with
exaggerated self- approval and in his
mind, elevates himself above others.
By creating in his
imagination a picture of himself that
will impress others and that he can be
proud of, he is able to ignore the
reality of what he truly is. He is
good at bluff, often promising more
than he can deliver.
The writer ’s exaggerated opinion
gets the better of him. He says he
will do great things and then finds he
cannot. He is a big talker, promising
anything to anybody to get attention,
and then avoiding people he has let
down. Most of the time, he gets off to
a good start but, unfortunately, the
auspicious
beginning does not always result in a
successful finish. He must succeed
quickly and in a grand manner
in carrying out whatever he has planned
or he will suddenly lose interest. He
may then claim that the project was not
worthwhile and abandon it.
The writer rarely backs up his promises
with hard facts and lasting effort and
subsequently has to pay the price of
humiliation and embarrassment. He
continually rationalizes and distorts
reality when events demonstrate that
he is not, in fact, the superior human
being
he claims to be. He becomes extremely
aggravated when someone call attention
to his shortcomings.

The writer has an inflated sense of

pride in himself. He is boastful and
puffed up
with his own importance. He wants to
be noticed and draw attention to
himself. He prefers to have things that
others do not have and he is pleased to
show them off. For that reason he may
splurge on things that others feel are
unneeded luxuries but which are very
necessary to him. Expensive items of
high priced clothes make him feel his
importance. He likes his name on his
belongings and well-known store labels
on the things he buys.
The writer seeks recognition and the
respect of others for little real effort on
his part. He is on a continuous ego trip
that demands rather than deserves.
When he does not receive the attention
he allegedly deserves, he can become
very destructive in attitude and action
against those who are receiving the
acclaim. He is unable to give praise to
others and he is unable of uttering a
complimentary word to anyone. He
tries to hog all the glory and
conveniently forgets to give credit
where credit is due.
The writer worries very much what
people are saying about him and how
he appears to them. If they praise him,
his
self-esteem is confirmed and he feels
worthwhile. Compliments and
adulation are all ways to his heart. He is
surprisingly easy to deceive with
flattery and praise, and a personal
compliment, no matter how
outrageously extravagant, seldom seems
inappropriate to him. If he is
criticized, especially in front of
others, he is devastated. He is terrified
of being laughed at or of making a
mistake. Comparisons are particularly
offensive to him.
The writer is egocentric. He always
wants to be given the most
recognition
or be above others in preferment. He
behaves as if anything concerning him
is of utmost importance, yet he has no
interest in other people’s lives. He likes
to feel that he has new ideas first. The
best way to introduce a subject to him
is to leave a few casual remarks and
later request his opinion on the subject.
The writer may be generous but
only when such actions will not
draw attention away from him. He
will use such good behavior to earn
momentary applause but he begrudges
others their turn in the spotlight.
He constantly
strains to “keep up with the Joneses”
since outside appearance means so
much to him.
The writer has two behaviors: a
gracious, personable one for company,
especially if there are new people to
impress. He saves his worst conduct for
his family who may be left bewildered
by his change in attitude.
The writer has the tendency to overlook
anything “small.” This includes
personal relationships as well as
vocational challenges. He loses many
opportunities to advance himself by
belittling the
worth of the task, or the people who
offer him the job.
Exaggerated pride prevents the writer
from asking for help. One seeks advice
only from those above him, and who is
superior to him? Admitting failure
would be a major blow to his pride. He
feels he has to be right at all times. He
refuses to accept another person’s point
of view and as a rule, will not even
consider it. If necessary, he will turn
the facts around to suit his case.
The world resents people who think
they
are smarter than everyone else and
consequently, the writer ’s
relationships usually poor. What others
find disconcerting is his lack of
humility.
The writer ’s love for an audience
draws him into the entertainment
world. He could perform well as
lecturer, professional athlete, or in
sales.
Willpower
H e a v y t-bars demonstrate
willpower. The heavier the t-bar, the
stronger is the force of the will.

Trait description:
Willpower helps the writer to maintain
a certain mental attitude in spite of all
temptations to the contrary. It retains
the
various faculties of his mind in that
position where they are really doing the
work he wishes. It also keeps
determination centered in the right
direction. If necessary, willpower
enables him to postpone an inferior
present gratification in favor of a
greater prospective benefit.
The writer applies extra mental effort
toward future plans and aspirations.
He is proud of his drive and wants to
succeed by the strength of his will.
Once a goal has been set, there is little
chance of stopping him. Others are
bound to feel
the effect of his forceful
personality.

With sufficient willpower, the writer

can determine his own objectives. After
setting his objectives, he takes the
appropriate steps to reach them.
Through the force of his will he drives
himself toward their accomplishment.
Able to apply himself single-mindedly
to any project, he carries his plans
forward into
implementation
.
Devoted to achieving a specific
objective, the writer exercises firm self-
direction. He does not let others deflect
him nor does not yield to pressure.
With a clear idea of what he wants he
has no trouble in directing his efforts
toward the chosen goal. He has the
strength of will to overcome obstacles
and thus accomplishes his purposes in
life.
As a strong-willed person, the writer
could be somewhat difficult to
manage.
What he wants, he goes after with
firmness of mind and it is not easy to
sway him from his course. He knows
exactly what he is striving for, and he
expects to accomplish it. Once a goal
has been set, there is little chance of
stopping him. Others are bound to
feel the effect of his forceful
personality.
Withdrawal
Left to very left slanted
writing discloses the tendency to
withdraw.
Trait description:
Withdrawal is a defense trait. Many
people become accustomed to
withdrawing when they are quite
young. They may, for example, seek
relief from constant demands from
people around them. They may feel
uncomfortable with others and try to
avoid the feeling by keeping to
themselves.
While the circumstances surrounding
their early decisions may have been
long forgotten, their implications can
be seen in their behavior in adult life.
Whenever they make the decision to
withdraw, they are acting out an old
childhood pattern of refusing to deal
with people. They decide to reject the
world before it can upset them.
Unfortunately, when they made the
early decision they were far too young
to assess decisions adequately or to
investigate things for themselves and
make up their own mind about them.
However, over the years, their
automatic response to situations has
become so ingrained, so much part of
them, that they never think to question
it. They probably consider it “their
nature” to act the way they do.
The withdrawal response is notoriously
difficult to extinguish. If a person keeps
withdrawing from what he considers
anxiety-producing situations, he may
never give himself a chance to find out
that the situation is in reality no longer
painful.
The writer has an exaggerated need for
solitude. He withdraws physically or
mentally from people and situations
that arouse a sense of threat. He closes
himself off and erects a barrier that
others find difficult to penetrate. He
is
cold and unresponsive, even though he
may not want to be that way.
Circumstances, particularly in
childhood, probably exposed him to
harsh treatment and he has
unconsciously steeled himself against
being hurt again.
In every area of his life, the writer
needs an inordinate amount of
space to surround him to feel secure.
He makes as few social contacts as
possible and probably has no friends to
speak of. He consciously controls the
number and the extent of personal
relationships he gets involved in,
depending on how they will
affect him and his emotional
security. While his need for contact
may be strong, his fears are more
intense.
The writer feels uneasy in any situation
that requires close contact with another
person. To reduce anxiety he uses
unconscious techniques to keep others
away. He becomes withdrawn, self-
protective and uncommunicative.
He much prefers working in
isolation, locked up in his office,
away from the co-workers’
camaraderie. He may choose to work
out of his home, and may actually
accept a smaller income to do
this if the opportunity comes
along.

Since he withdraws from personal

contacts he, himself, has not desired,
the writer is close to few people and
may be far lonelier than others. He may
rationalize his behavior by saying that
he has not much in common with
others, or that they don’t understand him
anyway.
The writer recoils from involvement
and is fearful of relationships that
become
too intimate. He has difficulty with
people who make demands or cling to
him. He is much more comfortable
with people who respect his privacy. He
is afraid of being vulnerable if he
exposes too much of himself. He
feels that by staying detached from
people they can neither disappoint nor
hurt him. He disappears into his shell
and stays there without any spark of
communication.
Protecting himself by keeping apart
does not necessarily mean that the
writer removes himself physically. It
means being independent of others
regarding
his internal and external needs. He has
made the conscious or unconscious
determination not to get emotionally
involved in any way, whether in love,
fight, cooperation or competition.
The writer discovered early in life that
natural responsiveness left him
vulnerable, and that it was safer to hide
his emotions whenever he could. He
began to mask his feelings and put on a
facade. In later life, that mask
became his face. He even learned to
think of his lack of response as an
accomplishment. He felt he was “more
in control” if he
did not allow himself to
“feel.”
The writer spent a lot of time and
energy suppressing emotions until
control finally became an end in itself.
He may even have stopped using the
language of emotions. He may say “I
think” instead of “I feel.”
The fallacy is that withdrawal did not
stop the hurt and fear inside but,
unfortunately, he can no longer reach
out to anyone, nor can they reach out to
him. Withdrawal means lack of
communication, isolation and a sense of
real separation. Since his protective
attitude has becomes a pervasive part of
the writer ’s lifestyle, he finds
himself deprived of the opportunity to
have positive emotional experiences or
form healthy attachments to other
people. A loving relationship with
another person might be forsworn
because it makes the writer vulnerable
to being hurt.
Unfortunately, by withdrawing, the
writer also hurts the feelings of others
who believe he does not need or want
relationships or their support. And
since they assess him only from what
they can see, they may be judging him
incorrectly
or miss his true feelings
entirely.
Withdrawal is carried out at
considerable expense to the writer
himself. Every time it is used, he is
bound to become more fearful and less
likely to cope with a similar situation
in the future. In addition, he may fall
prey to feelings of guilt for having
retreated, or he may suffer hostilities
toward those people whom he falsely
considers to be the cause of his
frustrations.
Withdrawal affects every area of the
writer ’s life, particularly the
sexual
sphere. He exercises the same
defenses in his sex life that he exhibits
in other areas of his personality.
While sexual relationships could mean
much as a bridge to others, he is only
able to enjoy them, if they do not
interfere with control over his feelings.
He wants sex confined to the
compartment he has set aside for this
part of his life and he would rather
withdraw than surrender his controls.
Sex can only be enjoyed with persons
toward whom the writer has no tender
feelings or, toward whom he has
contemptuous feelings, or none at all.
A permanent relationship would be an
especially threatening to the writer
because of the intimacy involved. Any
close and lasting association could
jeopardize his need for privacy, unless
the partner had an equally strong need
and each partner would respect the
other’s need for distance.
Yieldingness
Softly curved strokes in the letters s
and p reveal yieldingness. Supportive
indications may also be found in the
letters c and h.
Trait description:
The writer tends to accept the
domination of others. He is easily
influenced and sometimes cannot say
no even for his own good. He is
submissive to his environment. He
yields to the command or leadership of
other people.
The writer rarely takes a definite stand He is uncommitted and
prone to changing his mind. He is indefinite with words and
undetermined about follow- through. He “sits on the fence,” so to
speak, leaving every option open. He
quickly accedes if he thinks someone
else knows better (which is most of the
time). He is willing to let others have
their way.
The writer ’s conduct and tone of
voice often make others think of him as
weak. His impressionable nature makes
him an easy victim. He becomes a
“sucker” - too quickly convinced, too
easily taken in by unscrupulous people.
He is timid in the way he speaks and
his statements sound like questions. He
vacillates and will not stand up for
what he believes. Unconsciously, he
provokes
others to take advantage of him. He is
quickly recognized as an individual
who will “give in.” Considered an easy
pushover, he may often be
victimized. He becomes the target
because his demeanor reveals how
weak he basically is.
The writer is ineffectual in positions
requiring command because he does not
sound “like he means it.” Unable to rely
on his own resources and skills, the
writer depends upon others for the
decisions he should make for and by
himself. He changes course easily
and
may compromise himself and others by
his lack of mental commitment.
The writer has to be careful about
his involvments. He is so easily
changed in his path that he needs to
watch out for his fidelity in a
relationship. When committing himself
to something, he is wise to pledge in
front of many people, sign a contract, or
make some kind of down payment, so
he is less likely to turn his back on
the whole thing later for something
which seems more attractive or a better
idea.
Where to go from here
Hopefully, you have found
the handwriting analysis information in
this book interesting and enlightening.
If you are interested in delving deeper
into the subject, or if you would like to
become a professional handwriting
analyst yourself, please go to
http://karohs.com for information about
ISHA, the word renowned
International School of Handwriting
Analysis®.
ISHA was founded in 1981 by Dr. E.
M. Karohs. Today, ISHA
teaches
handwriting analysis to students in
22 countries around the world.
Dr. Karohs, who studied handwriting
analysis at German universities, in
Sw i tze r l a nd, and in the U.S.,
has personally developed the
following handwriting analysis courses:
1. Beginners’ Diploma Course
of
Handwriting
Analysis
2. Comprehensive Course
of
Handwriting
Analysis
3. Evaluated Traits Course
of
Handwriting
Analysis
4. Step-by-Step (SSS) System of
Handwriting Analysis (Master
course)
Dr. Karohs ha s authored more than
70 books on graphology. S h e has
also developed the powerful
Grapho- Cybernetics Puts You In
Control Of Your Game - A Self-
Modification and Ambidexterity
Program for Golfers, has been featured
in the April 2001 issue of "Maximum
Golf." Among her publications are the
30-volume Encyclopedia of
Handwriting Analysis, Hiring the Best
Candidate Every Time, the
Handwriting Analysts' Companion,
Inner Circle papers, etc.
Dr. Karohs has presented lectures about
graphology or handwriting analysis to
many professional organizations,
among them the Sales and Marketing
Association of Amer ica, Sales
and Marketing Executives International,
the Financial Institutions Marketing
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Association, the Savings Institutions
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Dr. Karohs wor ks as
graphology consultant to U. S. and
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Notes
Notes

[1] A genuine disconnection is a stroke

that is moving in one direction when
the pen is lifted off the paper and picks
up the writing movement from a
completely different direction. A stroke
that is stopped and then continues in the
same direction is a break in the writing
line
and has a completely
different interpretation.
[2] Karen Horney, The Neurotic
Personality Of Our Time (New York:
W. W. Norton & Company, Inc,
1964), p. 129.