PROBLEMS

1 A large plate moves with

constant velocity U o paral-
lel to a stationary plate
Problems 97
separated by a distance H.
An incompressible fluid
fills the channel formed by the plates. The upper plate is maintained
at uniform temperature To and the stationary plate is insulated. A
pressure gradient dp / dx is applied to the fluid. Taking into
consideration dissipation, determine the temperature of the insulated
plate and the heat flux at the upper plate. Assume laminar flow and
neglect gravity effect.
2 Incompressible fluid is set in motion between two large parallel
plates by moving the upper plate with constant velocity U o and
holding the lower plate stationary. The clearance between the plates
is H. The lower plate is insulated while the upper plate exchanges
heat with the ambient by convection. The heat transfer coefficient is
h and the ambient temperature is Tf . Taking into consideration
dissipation determine the temperature of the insulated plate and the
heat flux at the moving plate. Assume laminar flow and neglect
gravity effect.
3 Two parallel plates are separated by a distance 2H. The plates are
moved in opposite direction with constant velocity U o . Each plate is
maintained at uniform temperature To . Taking into consideration
 Problems 95

dissipation, determine the heat

flux at the plates. Assume
laminar flow and neglect
gravity effect.
4 Incompressible fluid flows in
a long tube of radius ro . Fluid
motion is driven by an axial
pressure gradient dp / dz. The
tube exchanges heat by
convection with an ambient
fluid. The heat transfer
coefficient is h and the ambient temperature is . Taking into
consideration dissipation, assuming laminar incompressible
axisymmetric flow, and neglecting gravity, axial temperature
variation and end effects, determine:
[a] Surface temperature.
[b] Surface heat flux.
[c] Nusselt number based on ( ) ( )
5 Fluid flows axially in the annular space between a cylinder and a
concentric rod. The radius of the rod is ri and that of the cylinder is
ro . Fluid motion in the annular space is driven by an axial pressure
gradient dp / dz. The cylinder is maintained at uniform temperature
To . Assume incompressible laminar axisymmetric flow and neglect
gravity and end effects. Obtain the expression for axial velocity field.
.
»¼
6 A rod of radius ri is placed
concentrically inside a cylinder
of radius ro . The rod moves
axially with constant velocity
U o and sets the fluid in the annular space in motion. The cylinder is
maintained at uniform temperature To . Neglect gravity and end
effects, and assume incompressible laminar axisymmetric flow.
 Problems 97

[a] Obtain the expression for axial velocity.

[b] Taking into consideration dissipation, determine the heat flux at

the outer surface and the Nusselt number based on [ T (ri ) - To ].
Neglect axial temperature variation.
7 A liquid film of thickness H flows down an inclined plane due to
gravity. The plane is maintained at uniform temperature To and the
free film surface is insulated. Assume incompressible laminar flow
and neglect axial variation of velocity and temperature and end
effects.
[a] Obtain the expression for axial
velocity

[b] Taking into consideration dissipation, determine the heat flux at

the inclined plane.
8 A liquid film of thickness H flows down an inclined plane due to
gravity. The plane exchanges heat by convection with an ambient
fluid. The heat transfer coefficient is h and the ambient temperature
is . The inclined surface is insulated. Assume incompressible
laminar flow and neglect axial variation of velocity and temperature
and end effects.
[a] Obtain the expression for axial
velocity

[b] Taking into

consideration dissipation,
determine heat flux.
9 Consider lubrication oil in the clearance
between a shaft and its housing. The radius of
the shaft is ri and that of the housing is ro .
The shaft rotates with an angular velocity
and the housing exchanges heat by convection
Problems 97
with the ambient fluid. The heat transfer
coefficient is h and the ambient temperature is
. Taking into considera-tion dissipation,
determine the maximum temperature of the
oil and surface heat flux at the housing.
Assume incompressible laminar flow and
neglect end effects.
10 A rod of radius ri is placed concentrically
inside a sleeve of radius ro . Incompressible
fluid fills the clearance between the rod and
the sleeve. The sleeve is maintained at
uniform temperature To while rotating with
constant angular velocity . Taking into
consideration dissipation, determine the
maximum fluid temperature and surface heat
flux at the sleeve. Assume incompressible laminar flow and neglect
end effects.
11 A hollow shaft of outer radius ro rotates with
constant angular velocity while immersed
in an infinite fluid at uniform temperature
. The shaft is maintained at uniform
temperature To . Taking into consideration
dissipation, determine surface heat flux.

Assume incompressible laminar

flow and neglect end effects.
 Problems 195

PROBLEMS

12 For fluids with Pr 1 the thermal boundary layer thickness is

much larger than the viscous boundary layer. Consider laminar flow
over the plate. The surface is maintained at uniform temperature Ts
and has an
insulated leading section of length xo . Assume third degree
Polynomials for temperature and velocity profiles. Obtain the
expression for the local Nusselt number.

,
 Problems 195

13 A square array of chips is mounted flush on a flat plate. The array

measures L cm u L cm . The forward edge of the array is at a distance
xo from the leading edge of the plate. The chips dissipate uniform
surface flux q csc . The plate is cooled by forced convection with
uniform upstream velocity and temperature . Assume laminar
boundary layer flow.
. Use a third degree
polynomials for profiles. The
working fluid is a liquid metal.
[a] Obtain the expression for
local Nusselt number

[b] Determine the maximum surface temperature.

14 A liquid film of thickness
H flows by gravity down
an inclined surface.

¬ ¼
u o is the free
surface velocity. At x 0 the surface is maintained at uniform
temperature Ts . Fluid temperature upstream of this section is .
Assume laminar boundary layer flow and that t / H 1.
Determine the local Nusselt number and the total surface heat
transfer from a section of width W and length L. Neglect heat
loss from the free surface. Use a third degree polynomial
temperature profile.
15 A thin liquid film flows under gravity down an inclined surface of
width W. The film thickness is H and the angle of inclination is .
 Problems 197

Heat is added to the film

along the surface beginning
at x = 0 at uniform flux q csc .
Determine the total heat

Added from x = 0 to the section where the thermal boundary layer

penetrates half the film thickness. Assume laminar boundary layer
flow. Use a third degree polynomial temperature profile.

16 A plate is cooled by a fluid with Prandtl number Pr 1. Surface

temperature varies with distance from the leading edge according to

Ts ( x,0)= +C x,

Use a third degree polynomial

temperature profile and obtain the
expression for local Nusselt number.

and that surface heat flux is uniform. Assume laminar boundary layer
flow.
17 A plate is cooled by a fluid with Prandtl number Pr 1 . Surface
temperature varies with distance form the leading edge according to
Ts ( x,0) = +C x,
where C is constant.

.
 Problems 197

Determine the local Nusselt number and show that surface heat flux is
uniform. Use a third degree polynomial temperature profile and
assume laminar boundary layer flow.
18 Surface temperature of a plate increases exponentially with distance
from the leading edge according to

Ts ( x,0)= + C exp( x) ,
where C and are con-
stants. The plate is cooled
with a low Prandtl number
fluid ( Pr 1 ).
Assume laminar boundary layer flow and use a third degree polyno-
mial temperature profile.
[a] Obtain expression for the local Nusselt number

[b] Determine surface flux distribution.

Problem No# Name of the student
1 Shiva Das
2 Ati Dev Goutham
3 N. Abhishek
4 Shejin Problems 199
5 Motilal
6 Dada Kalandhar
7 Gayatri
8 Aditya Suresh
9 Raj Kumar
10 Pankaj Kumar
11 Kiran Kumar
12 Pravrit
13 Hitesh Sreevardhan
`14 Adarsh
15 Shan Sudhi
16 Pravrit
17 Vivek Mathew
18 Yashvardhan