Research Group

Chapter 1
Introduction
Background of the Study
Recreation is the means of partaking in tasks that one feels enjoyment or satisfaction in
doing. It includes a range of many activities, from physical ones such as playing sports, to
sedentary activities, such as reading books, made by children and adults alike.
As time passed, modes of recreation evolved with the emergence of modern technology;
we can now watch television, and use our cellular phones for different purposes, such as reading
books or playing music, and of course, the creation of video games.
From simple pixel graphics to defined 3-dimensional detailing, video games as a whole
evolved from time immemorial. Developers have also made different genres of video games.
Since its creation, it has been a significant part of the lives of youths and pop-culture.
Almost together with the creation of video games came the internet; a way to better
connect ourselves across the world and aid us in the ease of our workloads. In connection to the
significant use of the internet, there are now also games that feature the mechanic of being able
to connect to others who also play video games; the so-called “online gaming”.
As more of these games come out of the market, and more players are added, is the
community notified of what is more to lie in these games? What if there are positive, as well as
negative effects of online games to its players? What if they are more than just plain recreation?
This study wishes to find out.

Objectives
The researchers, with the aid of this study, aim to:
 Discover possible negative effects of online gaming to its constituents,
 Inform the common community of further knowledge regarding online gaming,
 Involve other citizens (i.e. parents) on the know-hows about online gaming, and
 Determine positive effects of online gaming to youths.
Statement of the Problem
Main Problem:
How can online gaming affect its constituents?
Sub-Problems:
 Are there violent / negative effects to online gamers from online gaming?
 What positive effects can online gaming give to online games in terms of:
o Social Health
o Neurological Benefit
 What are suitable environments for online gaming?
Hypotheses
 There are negative effects from online gaming to its users.
 There are positive effects from online gaming to its users.

Scope and Limitations
The study focuses on the possible positive and negative effects of online gaming to its
user. The researchers will only utilize one questionnaire.
The researchers will conduct their survey inside the premises of Sto. Domingo National
High School. Their respondents will be five students from Grade 7, Grade 8, Grade 9, and Grade
10, respectively from the Basic Education Curriculum, five students from Grade 7, Grade 8,
Grade 9, and Grade 10, respectively, from the curriculum of Science, Technology and
Engineering Program, and fifteen students from the curriculum of Special Program in the Arts; a
total of 50 respondents.
Significance of the Study
This study is relevant to the following people:
Minors. With this study, they can be notified for both the positive and negative effects that
online gaming may give to them.
Parents. With this study, they would know what benefits online gaming may give to their
children, the youths.
Future and Fellow Researchers. They may use this study as an inspiration in many ways. They
may utilize the same purpose of this study, which is online gaming, or create a similar survey
method used by this study.

Chapter II
Review of Related Literature and Related Studies
This chapter restates the literatures and studies that provide facts and information about
this research study. This, the citations in this chapter were taken from various sources, such as
websites, researches, articles and journals.
Related Literature
COMPUTERS IN EVERYDAY LIFE
Since the invention of computers, they have helped in producing new jobs for people,
such as electrical engineering, computer technicians, and computer programmers. Not only that,
computes also made relevance in the fields of various livelihoods as supposed to not utilizing
computer systems.
COMPUTER DEPENDENCE
A 2004 survey once concluded that an estimated 204.3 million people in the United
States, a total of 74.9 percent of their population have access to the Internet, thus owning a
computer set. Most agencies also depend on the use of computer systems; most of which is
because of Internet-based services, such as electronic mailing.
INTERNET
The internet is a vast worldwide system of interlinked computer networks. Since its
utilization, it has helped in improving communication, using leisure time, and information
collection. The internet has also industrial significance, such as online services and hypertext
links.
VIDEO GAMES
Video games are programs that are usually aimed for recreation, but can also be used in
different purposes. Unlike normal videos, video games are an interactive means of viewing. It
has made its way as a staple in pop-culture as well as scientific utilization.
VIDEO GAME IMPACT
Video games as a means of recreation has influenced contemporary living in many
factors.
The mass media has used video games as a viewing medium, so far as to create events
dedicated to video game enthusiasts, such as eSports. Various large companies, such as
Nintendo, Playstation and the like has thrived in the videogame genre.
Video games had also given impact to social influences and persuasion. They have been
used as a greater perceived source of messages as to attract many people; children and adults
alike.
Video games had a large impact on neuroscience and psychology, as well. These
particular media was and still is used as a means of latent learning (learning is enacted but is not
demonstrated), as well as a core part of observational learning.

VIDEO GAME BAN OF 1981
During the reign of former president Ferdinand Marcos, video games and several arcade
machines were banned as a response to complaints from parents and educators who allege that
games such as Space Invaders and Asteroids were detrimental to the youth's morals, viewing
them as a "destructive social enemy" and "to the detriment of the public interest". Filipinos were
given two weeks to either destroy their video games and devices or to surrender the materials to
the police and army. Violators had to pay a fine amounting about $600 and face 6 months to 1
year of prison. Playing video games in the country went underground. The ban was effectively
lifted following the 1986 People Power Revolution.
Related Studies
A study created by Anderson, C.A. and Dill, K.E. entitled “Video Games and Aggressive
Thoughts, Feelings, and Behavior in Laboratory and in Life (2000)”, wherein they correlated
aggressiveness of children with video game violence using observational methods, states that
playing violent games is positively correlated with aggressive behavior and delinquency in
children, and has a direct impact on aggressive thoughts and behavior.
Similar to the study stated beforehand, Anderson C.A. and Bushman B.J., performed
“Effects of Violent Video Games on Aggressive Behavior, Aggressive Cognition, Aggressive
Affect, Physiological Arousal, and Prosocial Behavior: A Meta-Analysis view of Scientific
Literature (2001)”, which also utilized the same approach on video game violence, concluded
that exposure to violent video games pose public health threat to children and youth including
college-aged individuals, and that violent video game exposure is negatively correlated with
positive prosocial behavior.

A journal published called “The Fallacy of Personal Validation: A Classroom
Demonstration of Gullibility” made by Forer, B.R., linked the use of Computer-Generated
Analysis to human traits or better yet behavior. After conducting a Personality Analysis with the
use of computer programming, he coined the term “Barnum Effect”, which is a perceived
exclusivity but not more than a generalization. Like Forer’s case, online games are also used to
gauge the personal preferences of its users and how it affects its users, similar to the objective of
Forer.
A Research Study by Rebetez C. and Betrancourt N. entitled “Video Game Research in
Cognitive and Educational Sciences (2007)”, wherein they study the evolution of video game
media in the educational field discussed. Three different fields interested in the cognitive impact
playing of video games are reviewed: abilities and skills, attitudes and motivation, knowledge
and content learning. However, most studies used video games as new experimental materials
and tasks to contribute to their specific field (i.e. attention and perception), and not as a scientific
object of interest, claim that the research on video games is in need of a conceptual and
methodological framework in which results and effects could be compared, interpreted and
generalized. They also conclude that video games have multiple effects on its players and can be
used as an educational potential.
A study made by Granic, Isabela, et. al. entitled “The Benefits of Playing Video Games”,
that aimed to proofread literature of the effects of video games in its cognitive, motivational,
emotional, and social sense, with the use of social psychology, states that although video games
have their negative impact on their users, there are also given positive effects on them as well,
and is a catalyst for other scientific studies about video game usage.
Definition of Terms
Barnum Effect – perceived exclusivity of a constituent but is instead not more than a general
finding.
Constituent – online user/gamer
Exposure – online game interaction
Latent Learning – a method of dissemination wherein learning is done yet is not demonstrated.
Neuroscience – a form of psychological field of behavior.
Observational Learning – learning with the sense of sight as a core object.
Online Games – video games requiring the use of internet connections.
Online services – other applications requiring the use of internet connections that is not
recreational interaction.
Personality – a constituent’s selective behavior prior and after online game interaction
Violence – video game content that is not suitable for specific audiences.
Chapter III
METHODOLOGY AND RESEARCH DESIGN
Contained in this chapter are the materials, equipment, general procedure, treatment,
research design and statistical treatment to be relevantly used by the researcher in his study,
which is to determine the positive and negative effects of video games to its constituents.
METHODOLOGY
Materials and Equipment
In order to formally begin the survey, the researchers first garnered a permit to allow us
to utilize the students of Sto. Domingo National High School as respondents, after which the
researchers start their survey. To facilitate the gathering of data for the research, the researchers
utilized one questionnaire to uniformly gather data from each respondent surveyed. The
researchers used coupon bonds as the medium for the questionnaire. One copy of the
questionnaire was printed, and then it was further reproduced as necessary.
General Procedure
When respondents are chosen, they are given the questionnaire to be answered. The
respondents are instructed to jot down their information on the spaces provided (name, age,
grade level). Then, they check the boxes appropriate for their choice. One question is entitled to
be an open-ended question, and so for that question the respondents need to ask specifically.
General Treatment
The analysis of data will start by tallying the result for each question, specifically for
each answer. Then, the tallied data is interpreted in a table and a graph in order to be further
examined so the conclusion is clearly stated.
FLOWCHART FOR THE PREPARATION OF WRITTEN MATERIAL
Reproducing
Creating
Creating survey
survey
permit questionnaire
questionnaire
copies
FLOWCHART OF QUESTIONNAIRE DISTRIBUTION
Instructing
Giving each
respondents
Selecting respondent a
on answering
Respondents copy of the
the
questionnaire
questionnaire
FLOW OF QUESTIONNAIRE
Fill out information Answering question I:

(Name, Age, Sex, Grade How often do you play
Level) online games?
Answering question 3: Answering question 2:

How many hours do What online games do
you play online games? you play?
Answering question 4:
How much do you
What do you feel while
spend playing online
playing online games?
games?
What negative things
What are online games
have you done because
for you?
of online games?
RESEARCH DESIGN
The researchers utilized Single Group Design for tallying the survey results for each
question on identifying the positive and negative effects of online gaming to its users as
identified by the garnered respondents.
Possible Answers Tallied Amount
CA1 Rx
CB1 Rx
CC1 Rx
CD1 Rx
The choices for answers in each question are identified as CD, with each specific answer
written as CA, CB, CC, and CD, respectively. Their tallied numbers is represented by Rx.
STATISTICAL TREATMENT
For the statistical tool that is used, Mean and Percentile were utilized in this study.
∑𝑟
𝑀𝑒𝑎𝑛(𝑥̅ ) =
𝑅
Wherein: 𝑥̅ = Mean/Average ∑ 𝑥 = Tallied Results for each specific Choice
n = Total number of Tallied Results
∑𝑟
% 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 𝑥 100
𝑅
Wherein: ∑ 𝑟 = Tallied Result for each specific choice R = Total Number of Tallied Results
Chapter IV
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
This chapter contains the results, interpretations and other relevant information garnered
from the survey used in this study, in order to determine the positive and negative effects of
online games to its users.
TALLY RESULT ANALYSIS PER QUESTION
Possible Answers Tallied Amount Percentile
Seldom (CA1) 11 22%
During vacant times (CB1) 19 38%
Once to Twice a week (CC1) 6 12%
Every day (CD1) 14 28%
Table 1: Tallied Results of Question 1 Tabulated
Question 1: How Often do you Play Online Games?

22%
28%
CA1
CB1
CC1
12% CD1
38%
Figure 1: Tallied Results of Question 1 in Percentile
As shown in the interpretations, the second choice gains most favorable, which is
“During vacant times”.

DOTA (CA2) 21 30%
LOL (CB2) 21 30%
MOBA (CC2) 12 17%
FB games (CD2) 16 23%
Question 2: What kind of Online Games do you Play?
23%
30%
CA2
CB2
17% CC3
CD4
30%
Both choices A and B have garnered the highest tallies, which are “Defense of the
Ancients (DOTA)”, and “League of Legends (LOL)”.
Not more than 1 hour (CA3) 8 17%
1 to 2 hours (CB3) 22 45%
3 to 5 hours (CC3) 10 21%
More than 5 hours (CD3) 8 17%

Question 3: How many Hours do you Play Online Games?
17% 17%
CA3
CB3
21% CC3
CD3
45%
Many of the respondents play from one to two hours.
Not exceeding Php 10.00 (CA4) 9 20%
Php 15.00 to Php 30.00 (CB4) 19 41%
Php 30.00 to Php 50.00 (CC4) 10 22%
More than Php 50.00 (CD4) 8 17%
Question 4: How much do you Spend Playing Online Games ?
17% 20%
CA4
CB4
22% CC4
CD4
41%

Most of the respondents spend Php 15.00 to Php 30.00 for online games.
Enjoyment (CA5) 47 57%
Relaxed (CB5) 25 31%
Aggressive (CC5) 10 12%
Question 5: What do you Feel While Playing

Online Games ?
12%
CA5
CB5
31%
57% CC5
Most respondents answered that they feel enjoyment when playing online games.
Cutting-Classes (CA6) 1 3%
Gambling (CB6) 9 29%
Fighting (CC6) 3 14%
Provocation (CD6) 18 58%

Question 6: What Negative Things Have You Done Because of Online
Gaming?
3%
28%
CA6
CB6
CC6
56%
CD6
13%
Most respondents have experienced provoking others because of online games.
Stress-reliever (CA7) 26 29%
Social Activity (CB7) 11 12%
Competition (CC7) 12 14%
Pastime (CD7) 40 45%
Question 7: What is Online Gaming to you?
29%
CA7
45%
CB7
CC7
12% CD7
14%

Most of the respondents see online gaming as a pastime.
Sex Demographic
10%
Female
Male
90%
Figure 9: Sex Demographic of Respondents
The respondents were chosen based on random sampling. Shown in the graph is the ratio
of male-to-female respondents of the survey.
Age Demographic
2% 6%
14%
20%
12 y/o
13 y/o
14 y/o
15 y/o
16 y/o
30%
17 y/o
28%
Figure 10: Age Demographic of Respondents

The figure shows the age demographic of all the respondents involved in the survey
conducted. It shows that most online users in the sampling size are aged 15.
Question Question Question Question Question Question Question

1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Choice A 0.22 0.3 0.167 0.195 0.573 0.032 0.29
Choice B 0.38 0.3 0.45 0.41 0.305 0.29 0.12
Choice C 0.12 0.17 0.21 0.22 0.122 0.096 0.135
Choice D 0.28 0.23 0.167 0.17 0.58 0.45

Table 8: Overall Tallied Result for each Question Averaged Tabulated
1
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6 Choice A
0.5 Choice B
0.4 Choice C
0.3 Choice D
0.2
0.1
0
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q6 Q7
Figure 8: Overall Tallied Result for each Question Averaged Graphed
The table and figure beforehand shows the averaged result of each specific question, with
Choice B as the most favorable for questions 1, 2, 3 and 4. Choice A was chosen for questions 2,
5 and 6. Choice D was favored in question 7.
There is no averaged result for Choice D in question 5 because there are only 3 choices in
the said question.

CHAPTER V
FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
This chapter contains the insights that the researchers had found out through survey
analyses regarding the positive and negative effects of online games to highschool students.
FINDINGS
1. Though lengthy, the survey method of gathering data has been proven effective to gather
data in an anonymous basis.
2. Respondents do not subjectively answer honestly when given a question situated
negatively towards them.
3. Questions situated as positive or neutral are those most comfortably answered by the
respondents (highschool students).
4. A majority of highschool students play online games during their free time.
5. High school students prefer online games such as “Defense of the Ancients (DOTA)” and
“League of Legends (LOL)”, which are both categorized “Massive Multiplayer Online”
games.
6. A majority of highschool students occupy one to two hours playing online games.
7. Most highschool students spend fifteen to thirty pesos playing online games.
8. High schoolstudents incur positive attitude when exposed to online games.
9. Most highschool students have done provocation because of online games.
10. Online games are considered as pastime according to highschool students.

CONCLUSIONS
As the data gathered by the researchers were interpreted and analyzed, the researchers
concluded that:
1. Based on the random selection of respondents, the highest age demographic of
highschool students playing online games are fifteen years old.
2. Based on random selection, there are only few females who play online games, compared
to the dominating ratio of males.
3. Online games give both positive and negative effects to its constituents, depending on
both the response of the user itself and the quality and type of online game.
4. Due to a restriction in sample size, there is a trend within different factors (i.e., money
spent, hour spent, occasion of partaking online games) observed in respondents.
RECOMMENDATIONS
The researchers thought of the following recommendations in order to improve the
research study for its future use:
1. There can be respondents that would come from other schools.
2. Respondents can also have not only highschool students, but also college students, and
even adults.
3. A bigger sample size may be applied to this research study.
4. The questionnaire’s contents can still be improved.

Appendices
Statistical Computations
∑𝑟
𝑅
Wherein: ∑ 𝑟 = Tallied Result for each specific choice R = Total Number of Tallied Results
Seldom (CA1) 11 22%
During vacant times (CB1) 19 38%
Once to Twice a week (CC1) 6 12%
Every day (CD1) 14 28%
CA1 % 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 0.38 𝑥 100
11 % 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 38%
50
% 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 0.22 𝑥 100

CC1
% 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 22%
6
50
CB1 % 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 0.12 𝑥 100
50
CD1 % 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 0.28 𝑥 100
50
DOTA (CA2) 21 30%
LOL (CB2) 21 30%
MOBA (CC2) 12 17%
FB games (CD2) 16 23%
CA2 CC2
21 12
% 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 𝑥 100 % 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 𝑥 100
70 70
% 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 0.3 𝑥 100 % 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 0.17142857 𝑥 100
% 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 30% % 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 17%
CB2 CD2
21 16
70 70

Not more than 1 hour (CA3) 8 17%
1 to 2 hours (CB3) 22 45%
3 to 5 hours (CC3) 10 21%
More than 5 hours (CD3) 8 17%
CA3 CC3
8 10
48 48
CB3 CD3
22 8
48 48
Not exceeding Php 10.00 (CA4) 9 20%
Php 15.00 to Php 30.00 (CB4) 19 41%
Php 30.00 to Php 50.00 (CC4) 10 22%
More than Php 50.00 (CD4) 8 17%

CA4 CC4
9 10
46 46
CB4 CD4
19 8
46 46
Enjoyment (CA5) 47 57%
Relaxed (CB5) 25 31%
Aggressive (CC5) 10 12%
CA5 % 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 57% % 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
% 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 CB5 = 0.30487805 𝑥 100
47 % 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 % 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 31%

= 𝑥 100
82
25 CC5
82
= 0.57317073 𝑥 100
% 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 % 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
10 = 0.12195122 𝑥 100
= 𝑥 100
82
% 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 12%
Cutting-Classes (CA6) 1 3%
Gambling (CB6) 9 29%
Fighting (CC6) 3 10%
Provocation (CD6) 18 58%
CA6 CC6
1 3
31 31
CB6 CD6
9 18
31 31

Stress-reliever (CA7) 26 29%
Social Activity (CB7) 11 12%
Competition (CC7) 12 14%
Pastime (CD7) 40 45%
CA7 CC7
26 12
89 89
CB7 CD7
11 40
89 89

Documentation
*The survey proper.

Bibliography
Internet Articles:
 https://www.apa.org/pubs/journals/releases/amp-a0034857.pdf
 http://tecfa.unige.ch/perso/mireille/papers/Rebetez_Betrancourt_CognBra.pdf

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Chapter 1

Background of the Study

books or playing music, and of course, the creation of video games.

This study wishes to find out.

The researchers, with the aid of this study, aim to:

 Discover possible negative effects of online gaming to its constituents,

 Inform the common community of further knowledge regarding online gaming,

 Determine positive effects of online gaming to youths.

Statement of the Problem

How can online gaming affect its constituents?

 What are suitable environments for online gaming?

 There are negative effects from online gaming to its users.

 There are positive effects from online gaming to its users.

user. The researchers will only utilize one questionnaire.

Significance of the Study

This study is relevant to the following people:

online gaming may give to them.

children, the youths.

method used by this study.

Review of Related Literature and Related Studies

websites, researches, articles and journals.

COMPUTERS IN EVERYDAY LIFE

because of Internet-based services, such as electronic mailing.

has made its way as a staple in pop-culture as well as scientific utilization.

VIDEO GAME IMPACT

Video games as a means of recreation has influenced contemporary living in many

demonstrated), as well as a core part of observational learning.

lifted following the 1986 People Power Revolution.

children, and has a direct impact on aggressive thoughts and behavior.

“Effects of Violent Video Games on Aggressive Behavior, Aggressive Cognition, Aggressive

Affect, Physiological Arousal, and Prosocial Behavior: A Meta-Analysis view of Scientific

positive prosocial behavior.

Demonstration of Gullibility” made by Forer, B.R., linked the use of Computer-Generated

A Research Study by Rebetez C. and Betrancourt N. entitled “Video Game Research in

used as an educational potential.

Constituent – online user/gamer

Exposure – online game interaction

Neuroscience – a form of psychological field of behavior.

Observational Learning – learning with the sense of sight as a core object.

Online Games – video games requiring the use of internet connections.

METHODOLOGY AND RESEARCH DESIGN

Materials and Equipment

questionnaire was printed, and then it was further reproduced as necessary.

examined so the conclusion is clearly stated.

FLOWCHART FOR THE PREPARATION OF WRITTEN MATERIAL

FLOWCHART OF QUESTIONNAIRE DISTRIBUTION

Fill out information Answering question I:

Answering question 3: Answering question 2:

identified by the garnered respondents.

Possible Answers Tallied Amount

Wherein: 𝑥̅ = Mean/Average ∑ 𝑥 = Tallied Results for each specific Choice

n = Total number of Tallied Results

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

online games to its users.

TALLY RESULT ANALYSIS PER QUESTION

Possible Answers Tallied Amount Percentile

Seldom (CA1) 11 22%

During vacant times (CB1) 19 38%

Once to Twice a week (CC1) 6 12%