CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................... 3

I. Introduction to the Exercise ................................................................................................. 3

II. Introduction to the City ........................................................................................................ 3

III. Introduction to the Site ..................................................................................................... 3

IV. Need and Importance ....................................................................................................... 4

V. Scope .................................................................................................................................... 4

VI. Objective .......................................................................................................................... 4

VII. Methodology .................................................................................................................... 5

CHAPTER-1 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK ........................................................................... 6

1.1. Concepts of Neighbourhood ......................................................................................... 6

1.1.1. Concept by Clerance Perry.................................................................................... 6

1.1.2. Clarence Stein ....................................................................................................... 7

1.2. Case Study .................................................................................................................... 7

1.2.1. Seaside, Florida ................................................................................................. 7

1.2.2. TATA MYST Housing, Kasauli (Himachal Pradesh) ....................................... 9

1.2.3. BEDDINGTON Zero Energy Development, London ..................................... 10

1.2.4. KINGO HOUSES, Helsingr, Denmark ........................................................... 14

1.3. Terminology ............................................................................................................... 16

1.4. Elements, Components and Principles ....................................................................... 17

1.5. Norms and Standards .................................................................................................. 19

1.6. Planning Considerations ............................................................................................. 21

CHAPTER 2- SITE ANALYSIS .................................................................................................. 23

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 2.1. Site and Its Location ................................................................................................... 23

2.2. On-Site Analysis ......................................................................................................... 24

CHAPTER 3- ASSUMPTIONS AND REQUIREMENTS .......................................................... 26

3.1. Residential Requirements ........................................................................................... 26

3.2. Commercial Requirements ......................................................................................... 27

3.3. Parking Requirements................................................................................................. 27

3.4. Water Requirements ................................................................................................... 27

CHAPTER 4 - CONCEPTUAL PLAN ........................................................................................ 29

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 INTRODUCTION

I. Introduction to the Exercise

The students of M. Plan (Urban Planning) 1st semester are assigned an exercise on ‘Site Planning
of an Urban Area’. For this groups were assigned to each student of the class. This exercise helps
to expertise intends to apply the theories of site planning and design. The role of designer in
planning and development of residential areas is to be explored.

II. Introduction to the City

Dharamshala is the District Headquarter of Kangra District. Surrounded by cedar forests on the edge
of the Himalayas, this hillside city is home to the Dalai Lama and the Tibetan government-in-exile.
The Thekchen Chöling Temple Complex is a spiritual center for Tibetan Buddhism, while the Library
of Tibetan Works and Archives houses thousands of precious manuscripts. This is situated on the
upper hilly stretch of land of Kangra Valley which is placed just against the picturesque scene of
Dhauladhar ranges. Being a Tibetan hub, Dharamshala is considered to be one of the best places to
learn and explore Buddhism and Tibetan Culture.

III. Introduction to the Site

The location of the site is in the south part of the Dharmshala city. The site is accessible from
Major District Road (MDR 78). According to the proposed Master Plan 2016-2026, the site is
under residential area. The area of the site is about 105 acres. It is an agricultural land which has
been proposed residential area in Master Plan by Town and Country Planning of Dharamshala
(TCP of Dharamshala).

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Co-ordinates: 32.21°N & 76.33°E

Figure 1 Dharamshala Figure 2 Site

IV. Need and Importance

In present days problem of housing prevails so as to overcome this we need a planned residential
area. Not only this but also to have a check on haphazard development. There is also problem of
slums formation. To overcome the load on prevailing infrastructure, problem of slums as well as
to have a check on pollution as well as to maintain the ecological balance. This would lead to
overall development of all the groups by providing them basic facilities.

V. Scope

a. Norms and standards, design considerations.

b. Building bye laws, Conceptual plan.
c. Preparing detailed landuse, circulation, landscaping and utility plans.
d. Layout plan→Placement of the components
e. Circulation plan→Hierarchy of roads, junction, parking.
f. Landscape plan→Placement of trees, for aesthetics and shade purpose etc.
g. Utilities plan→Layout of sewerage pipe and water pipe with different hierarchies

VI. Objective

a. Optimum utilization of land by creating maximum amount of saleable area.

b. To achieve safety and healthy living environment.
c. To achieve functionality by coordination between different components.
d. For easily accessible to the surrounding areas.
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e. Cost effective design as minimum amount is spent on laying infrastructure.

VII. Methodology

Methodology is the systematic, theoretical analysis of the methods applied to a field of study. It
simply means a short summary of the process used in conducting the respective task.

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 CHAPTER-1 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

1.1 Concepts of Neighborhood

1.1.1. Concept by Clerance Perry

The first concept of neighbourhood was given by Clerance Perry. He suggested maximum radius
of distance from home to community should be one-fourth mile. The shopping areas situated at
intersecting traffic streets on the outer side corners rather than at the centre of the unit. The
concepts have ability to save residential area from miscellaneous that characterizes most urban
neighbourhoods. Clarence Perry conceived of neighbourhoods in this time period as islands
locked amidst a burgeoning sea of vehicular traffic, a dangerous obstacle which prevented
children (and adults) from safely walking to nearby playgrounds and amenities. Perry's
neighbourhood unit concept began as a means of combating this obstacle. Ultimately, however, it
evolved to serve a much broader purpose, of providing a discernible identity for the concept of
the "neighbourhood", and offering to designers a framework for disseminating the city into
smaller subareas.

Figure 3 Concept by Clerance Perry

Clerance Perry was the first one to give consideration to physical form of neighbourhood. The
population assumed by Perry for neighbourhood unit was 6000-8000 persons having density of
100-130 persons per hectare. Moreover, total area should be 65 hectares. Components were
residential area, school, shopping centre, library, community centre, religious centre, parks and
open spaces.

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There is easily accessible to the daily needs. The concept is that avoiding through traffic and low
volume on the interior roads. There is self sufficiency. It is such that it is convenience for the
house wives. There is good road network and safety for the children. It is such that there should
be healthy environment.
The general considerations taken by Perry in his concept were that 10 % area for parks and
recreation. School provided at walking distance. Shopping districts in periphery. Community hall
in the centre. Residential area in ¼ mile radius from centre.

1.1.2. Clarence Stein

In His Concept He Make Residential Area in Form of Cul-de-Sac and Dead Ends to Eliminate
Through Traffic Size the Population Assumed by Stein for Neighbourhood Unit Was 75000-
10000 Persons Having Density Of 35-50 Persons Per Hectare. Moreover, Total Area Should Be
202 Hectares. Components were Residential Area, School, Shopping Centre, and Parks. He is an
American architect and planner. He was much influenced by the concept of garden city of Sir
Ebenezer Howard. He along with henry wright, also an American architect and town planner,
prepared the town plan for a city radburn in New Jersey in 1928.

The principal of planning advocated by Clarence Stein:

Planning not in term of single block, sector etc., but overall planning of the whole neighbourly
area or ‘super block’. The super blocks to be enclosed by mains road which in turn enclose the
narrow lanes or alleys. Expressway or parkway for high speed traffic with limited access from
and to neighbourhoods. The footpath for pedestrians should be safe and segregated from other
vehicular traffic. No. grid iron road pattern be provided in the road system. In his dictum, it is the
greater enemy of traffic and road uses.

1.1. Case Study

1.2.1. Seaside, Florida

Location Fort Walton Beach, Florida, USA

Project Categories Urbanism Codes
Year Started 1980
Status Built
Size 80 acres

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 Figure 4 Seaside Florid Figure 5 Layout Plan

AIM

To understand the basic principle of neighbourhood settlement layout following its elements.

OBJECTIVES

• To understand relationship between spaces of neighbourhood unit.

• To understand the basic meaning of spatial arrangements of a neighbourhood unit.
• To get to know the provisions behind walkway networks to make it into a neighbourhood
unit.
• To understand the basic concept of protective strips in a neighbourhood unit.

SCOPE

• The basic idea of Topography, and Climatic conditions are not being discussed here in this
case study. The study here is restricted to the understanding of spatial arrangement in a
neighbourhood unit.
• Located in the Florida Panhandle, Seaside is an 80-acre resort community on the shores of
the Gulf of Mexico.
• The program for Seaside was originally conceived to approximate the scale and character of
historic Southern towns.
• The Seaside plan proposes traditional American settlement patterns as an alternative to
contemporary methods of real estate development.

CONCEPT

• The concept used in creating Seaside Florida has been dubbed "New Urbanism".
• New Urbanism is a design concept that emphasizes walkable neighbourhoods and a wide
range of residential and commercial uses It reaches back for its inspiration to the era before
automobiles were so common.
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• The town offers a thriving town center, all within a walkable district to all of the homes and
cottages and office spaces Seaside consists of over 300 homes, 12 restaurants and 41 shops.
• One of the biggest things Seaside developed was maximizing waterfront area for all of the
residents.

1.2.2. TATA MYST Housing, Kasauli (Himachal Pradesh)

Location Kasauli, Himachal Pradesh Project

Category Housing Villas/ Apartments and Club House
Year Started 2016
Status Built
Area 76 acres

Figure 6 TATA MYST Housing Figure 7 TATA MYST Housing Layout

AIM

To understand the principles of site planning on a contoured surface.

OBJECTIVES

• To understand the topographical constraints for planning on a contoured site.

• To understand the basic meaning of spatial arrangements of a neighbourhood unit on a hilly
terrain.
• To get to know the provisions behind the basic principles of laying down walkways on a hilly
terrain.
• To understand the climatic constraints affecting the site planning for a residential
development.

SCOPE
The basic idea of Topography, and Climatic conditions are being discussed here in this case
study. The study here is done to keep in mind of the site being chosen for the course of site
planning.
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• Located in the midst of hills in Kasauli region of Solan, Himachal Pradesh.
• The site is located at the elevation of 1700 m from the mean sea level.
• The project is self sustainable in respect to energy criteria.
• It complies with the standards of NET ZERO housing.

CONCEPT

• The concept used in designing the MYST is COMPATABILITY

• The site/campus is planned along the main road connecting all the abodes with rest of the
services.

ANALYSIS

• The site consists of 18 different typologies of cottages with total population of 250.
• One of the biggest things the MYST achieved is the proper utilization of the resources site
has to offer
• The general slope the site has to offer is between 230 to 350

1.2.3. BEDDINGTON Zero Energy Development, London

Location Borough of Sutton, London

Area 4 acre
Completed 2002
Units 82homes,18work spaces
Density 100 dwelling units per hectare

Figure 8 BEDDINGTON Zero Energy Development Figure 9 Layout

AIM

To understand the basic idea of Zero Energy Residential Development & how to achieve this.

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OBJECTIVES

• To understand the relationship between spaces in a residential neighbourhood.

• To understand the basis of Passive Solar Techniques to achieve sustainability.
• To understand the idea of work spaces in a residential development.
• To get to know the basis for onsite energy generation to sustain the neighbourhood’s energy
demands.

SCOPE

The area of study will not cover the architectural style that has been followed. The
studywillbelimitedtotheextentofunderstandingtheapproachtowardssustainabilitytoachievealiveabl
e environment in a residential neighbourhood. The main focus will be the study of Passive Solar
Techniques being used.

The strategy for Bed ZED remains unusual in that it tackled carbon emissions not only in
domestic and office energy use but also by addressing the embodied impact of construction
(which includes the carbon emissions arising from the building materials used), personal
transport, food and waste.

GREEN LIFESTYLES

86% of Bed ZED residents buy organic food and 39% grow some of their own food and although
this is encouraging, we feel that food growing in particular could be improved.

CONCEPT BEHIND BED ZED

Site Layout & Facilities

The layout of the site creates more informal opportunities to meet neighbors, for example when
walking to the car parking areas or bus stops past other homes, or when crossing the shared
bridges to the roof gardens opposite the flats. Community facilities include a village square, a
sports pitch and a community centre with changing and cooking facilities.

Energy
Bed ZED, or Beddington Zero (Fossil) Energy Development, was designed to be carbon neutral,
to generate as much or more renewable energy on-site than was used in the homes for heating,
hot water and electrical appliances. Most of the electricity is supplied from the grid with a
proportion of renewable electricity being generated on-site by photovoltaic panels.

Electricity consumption
• Homes fitted with Energy Efficient Appliances.
• 20-watt compact fluorescent light bulbs.
• A-rated fridge/ freezer and washing machine.
• Visible meters (Photo 2) to make residents more aware of consumption.
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• Good daylight design reducing the need for electric lighting.
• Passive ventilation removing the need for electric ventilation or fans.
• Aerated showers, removing need for power showers.

Thermal Demand
• Passive solar gain; dwellings face south with triple-storey conservatories (sun spaces.)
• Super insulation; 300mm insulation jacket around each terrace.
• skins of double-glazing to south elevation and triple-glazing for all other elevations.
• Thermal mass provided by dense concrete blockwork and concrete floor slabs and exposed
radiant surfaces to aid heat absorption.
• Passive ventilation with heat recovery.
• Reduced flow taps and showers.
• Visible hot water meter.

Figure 10 Building Physics Figure 11 Sun Position (Summer/Winter)

Ecological Footprint of Housing
Bed ZED residents use an average of 0.77 global hectares (16%) for housing compared to a
Sutton average of 1.33 global hectares (25%) and this reflects lower energy consumption.

Thermal Comfort & Air Quality

Bed ZED homes should not fall below 18 degrees C while they are occupied, as sufficient heat is
provided by passive solar gain, human activity and appliances, and residual heat from the hot
water cylinder and towel rail. If a home is unoccupied the temperature may drop below 18
degrees C, in which case a trickle heat source is automatically activated.

Renewable Energy
Wood-fuelled Combined Heat & Power:
The energy demands of Bed ZED are dramatically reduced compared to an equivalent
conventional development. This reduction should make it realistic to consider small-scale, onsite
energy generation. This decision was largely influenced by the fact that the scheme has access to
ample, local, urban tree surgery waste that would otherwise be landfilled or burnt. The
technology is based on downdraft gasification. The main source of on-site power generation is
both a waste and pollutant to landfill & locally available.
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Photovoltaics
At Bed ZED there are 777m2 of photovoltaic panels, made up of 1,138 laminates, on the roof
tops and in south facing 2nd floor windows. This was originally intended to power 40 electric
vehicles (the 10-year target). However, uptake of electric vehicles is much slower than hoped
and there are only two electric vehicles on site. Currently the electricity they produce is used by
the site as a whole, with surplus supplied to the grid.

Smart Transport
The development offers 3 modes of transportation: -
• Walking
• Cycling
• Car-pooling

The neighbourhood also supports the facility of Electric Vehicles that are being run through the
surplus energy being produced by the photovoltaics installed on the South side of the building
roofs.

Food
The households grow their own food organically. The extent remains however limited to some
pots &small kitchen gardens.

Waste
60% recycling rate by weight of waste (including green waste). In theory 70% of the current
waste stream is recyclable or compostable so a 60% rate of diversion from landfill should be
possible at Bed ZED using the existing infrastructure.

Waste strategy at Bed ZED

The aim was to have a kerb side waste and recycling service but the London Borough of Sutton
could not offer this. Instead we have bins for different materials around the perimeter of the site
as follows (provided by Sutton Council unless otherwise stated):
• Mixed dry recyclables (paper, card, steel and aluminium cans)
• Glass (separate bins for green, clear and brown glass)
• Waste
• White paper recycling bin (provided by BioRegional)
• Compost bins (provided by the residents’ association)

As kitchen and garden waste comprises 42% of the waste stream, it is desirable that it remains on
site rather than being collected by the local authority.
Resident volunteers turn the compost and add dry matter such as shredded paper when necessary.
They bag it up when it is ready and distribute back to the residents for use in their gardens or on
the communal allotment site.
Bed ZED kitchens came equipped with divided bins, allowing residents to easily separate and
dispose of waste.
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POSITIVES OF BED ZED

• BedZED community
• Architecture / Design
• Sustainability
• Wellbeing (feeling of space, light, quiet, health)
• Garden and sunspace
• Cost
• Location
• Other (uniqueness, modernity)
• Facilities (community centre, car club, showers)
• Size

NEGATIVES OF BED ZED

• Things not working (CHP, hot water, repairs needed…)

• Management
• Size
• Nothing
• Crime/ Fear of crime
• Parking
• BedZED community
• Design
• Intrusion from visitors

1.2.4. KINGO HOUSES, Helsingr, Denmark

Location Helsingr, Denmark.

Completed 1958
Units 60 courtyard houses

Figure 12 Kingo Houses

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AIM

To understand the basic principle of developing a neighbourhood on hilly terrain/contoured site.

OBJECTIVES

• To understand the topographical constraints for a hill site development.

• To create a sense of community on a hilly settlement.
• To understand how one can, exploit the site itself to get most out of it.
• To understand the basis of Passive Solar Techniques to achieve sustainability.

SCOPE

The area of the study will not be limited to only the spatial arrangement of the houses on the site.
But it does include the arrangement of houses themselves to cater the maximum amount of
sunlight for passive techniques.

• Housing complex of 60 courtyard houses.

• Each house is a square module.
• Dwelling area constitutes the two sides of the angle while a screen wall forms the two
opposing sides.
• Site plan has country like as well as urban characteristics.

HOW A COMMUNITY IS BUILD?

• Arrangement of Houses.
• Placement of Trees.
• Qualities of Community space:
• All the spaces are alternatively shared.
• There is no effective inviting of people because of the spatial arrangement.

SUSTAINABLE NEIGHBOURHOOD

• Community atmosphere
• Convenient transportation
• Preserves existing environment
• Close to amenities

Each unit provides its own view of the surrounding landscape, allowing for a rural, natural feel
while still existing in a larger urban community. The plan was developed keeping the natural
vegetation in mind and maintaining it as well as the new neighbourhood.

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HOUSING SPATIAL ARRANGEMENT

NATURAL VENTILATION

PRIVACY

"like flowers on the branch of cherry tree, each turning toward the sun." The individual houses
are L-shaped with a living room and study in one section, and the kitchen, bedroom and
bathroom in the other. Walls of varying heights closed the remaining open sides of the L.

1.2. Terminology

a. Site:
A well-defined parcel of land or area intended or suitable for development and building
construction purposes.

b. Planning:
A continuous, time oriented and cyclic process of identification and achievement of goals.
Planning also means allocation of resources.

c. Site Planning:
A process of arranging buildings, open spaces, roads having regard to physical features of the
site, land use requirements, planning and urban design principles, landscape considerations and
sub-division regulations.

d. Neighbourhood:
A residential planning unit in a city comprising housing – clusters that can support all necessary
facilities & services to serve a population of 3,000 to 6,000 persons.

e. Residential Area:
A residential area is a land use in which housing predominates. These include single-family
housing, multi-family residential, or mobile homes.

f. FAR (Floor Area Ratio):

The ratio of total built up area of all floors of the building to the area of the plot.
FAR= Total built up area of all floors
Total plot area

g. FSI (Floor Space Index):

It is the ratio of the total built up area of the floor to the area of the land on which it is built.

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h. Plinth area:
Plinth area is the built-up covered area of a building measured at floor level of any storey.

i. Covered area:
Covered area is the total surface area covered under roof. The Ground area covered immediately
above the plinth level covered by the building but does not include the space covered by -
Garden, rockery, well and well structures, plant nursery, water pool etc.

j. Amenities:
Natural & man-made features in a city or region & include natural landscaped areas, lakes,
rivers, open spaces, roads, utilities, facilities & services.

k. Plot:
A single unit of subdivision of land that can be identified and defined in a layout plan intended
for the indicated specific use.

l. Flat:
A complete dwelling unit with independent entrance for one household within a group housing
complex containing similar such units.

m. Utilities:
The basic public services like water supply, sewerage, drainage and electricity supply in a
settlement.

n. Density:
Density means in ordinary language in the number of objects, houses, rooms, persons etc. Per
unit of space. Unit for density is person per unit area.

o. Topography:
The underline geology and landscape form of an area, including rivers and water courses,
valleys, hills, field patterns and boundaries.

p. Convenient shopping:
Shops selling convenience goods and located within walk-in distance.

1.3. Elements, Components and Principles

1.4.1 Elements

a. Title: -
It gives more focus to the location and recognization of the site. It has to be given so as to
provide address for anyone to find and reach the place.

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b. Boundary: -
It might be any natural or manmade feature like a stream, canal, road, railway track, etc. This
separates the site from the rest of the city.

c. Size: -
Size is considered to recognize or consider a site appropriate according to standards for being
developed as a neighborhood.

d. Shape: -
The shape should be such that it means how a locality looks on the whole. It is studied so as to
lay infrastructure on the basis of optimum utilization of land.

e. Access: -
It is in such a way that the basic facilities are easily approachable. It means how conveniently a
person can reach the site from the major landmarks of a city. It must be accessible to all the
major landmarks. It includes the mode and its frequency to access the site.

1.4.2 Components

a. Housing
Prasad, or more generally living spaces, refers to the construction and assigned
usage of houses or buildings collectively, for the purpose of sheltering people the planning or
provision delivered by an authority, with related meanings. The social issue is of ensuring that
members of society have a home in which to live, whether this is a house, or some other kind
of dwelling, lodging, or shelter. Many governments have one or more housing authorities,
sometimes also called a housing ministry, or housing department.

b. Neighbourhood Centre
A neighbourhood centre is a place for local people to access a range of community services.

c. Major Roads
A road that is commonly used and that goes through the main part of a city, town, etc.

d. Utilities
The basic public services like water supply, sewerage, drainage and electricity supply in a
settlement.

e. Cluster Centre

f. Parks and Open Spaces:

A park is an area of open space provided for recreational use. It can be in its natural or semi-
natural state, or planted, and is set aside for human enjoyment. It may consist
18
of rocks, soil, water, flora and fauna and grass areas, but may also contain buildings and other
artifacts such as play grounds. These are the green open spaces for active and passive
recreational activities. These are the area were fresh pollution free environment is present and
people enjoy beauty of nature in peaceful manner. It includes neighbourhood Park, cluster parks,
parking lots, tot lots etc.

1.4.3 Principles

a. Hierarchy
Proper hierarchy of roads, parks and other components should be maintained.
b. Symmetry
Balance should be maintained in terms of size, shape, etc.

c. Compatibility
To ensure compatibility and conformity between different landuses / features.

d. Uniformity
Equal distribution of various income groups in each cluster.

1.4. Norms and Standards

Table 1

19
Table 2

Table 3

20
1.5. Planning Considerations

1.6.1 General Planning Considerations

Residential:
a. The residential units should be located such that it must be compatible with all income
groups. HIG people should be placed with MIG and LIG should be placed with EWS.
b. Higher Income Groups should be along the main road.
c. Lower Income group and EWS should not be on the main road because it is economical.
d. The skyline should be maintained in order to have in development.
e. The plots should be provided with setbacks.

Commercial:
a. Commercial area should be easily accessible and should serve the basic need of
neighbourhood.
b. Hierarchy of shops should be maintained i.e. large shops at neighbourhood level and
small shops at cluster level.
c. Commercial area should be accessible to all the people.
d. It is to be centrally located
e. It should provide parking facilities.

Public / Semi-public:
a. Primary school should be provided along access road.
b. Institutional area should be provided with easy accessibility.
c. Clinics/dispensaries should be provided with easy accessibility.

Parks and Open Spaces:

a. Hierarchy of open spaces is to be maintained.
b. Playgrounds should be provided according to need.
c. Optimum utilisation of the land.
d. Parks should be well maintained for the healthy environment.

Circulation:
a. Hierarchy of roads should be maintained to ensure free flow of traffic.
b. Parking lots should be provided.
c. Proper maintenance of road infrastructure is to be done.
d. The turning radius should be less so as to avoid accidents.

Water Supply:
a. Hierarchy of pipes should be maintained to ensure free flow of water.
b. Water supply pipes should be laid above the sewer pipes.
c. The layout should be direct and simple. In this way cost of material will be reduced as the
length of the pipe is reduced.
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 d. Maintenance should be done to give pure water with the help of water treatment plants.

Sewerage:
a. Proper sewerage system should be done.
b. Pipes should be laid as per the slope of the area.
c. Sewerage pipes should be placed below the water pipes.

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 CHAPTER 2- SITE ANALYSIS

Site analysis is an inventory completed as a preparatory step to site planning, a form of urban
planning which involves research, analysis, and synthesis. It primarily deals with basic data as it
relates to a specific site. On site features are studied to know the potential and problem of the
site. On site feature include characteristics of topography, temperature, rainfall, wind, vegetation
and direction existing manmade features which will be discussed with their impact on land use,
circulation, utility and landscape plan. The study of surrounding features helps in knowing the
compatibility of different land uses with the site.

2.1. Site and Its Location

• The site is located in the south part of the Dharmshala City.

• The site is accessible through the MDR (Major District Road) 78.
• The Total area of the site is about 105 acres.
• It is an agricultural land which has been proposed residential area in Master Plan by Town
and Country Planning of Dharamshala (TCP Dharamshala).

Fig 1. Dharamshala Fig 2. Site

2.1.1 Distance from Site to Major Landmarks

S. No. Landmark Distance

1 Dharamshala Cricket Stadium 3.4 k.m.
2 Dharmshala
3
Table 4

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2.2. On-Site Analysis

2.2.1 Topography:

• The site has elevation difference with an overall slope from north to south. The angle
between 50 to 100 and is very suitable for the provision of the water supply and sewerage
systems in the planned manner.
• Sewerage and water supply network can be laid without any consideration as slope is
sufficient for free flow under gravity.
• Drainage and circulation to be planned in accordance with slope.
• The gradient that the site has to offer is 1:10 or 9.4%.

2.2.2 Soil Profile

• Dharamshala has Histosol type of soil category.

• The proposed site has hard rock strata.
• The soil has a deep layer of purely organic material.

2.2.3 Temperature

• Dharamshala has a monsoon‐influenced humid subtropical climate.

• Summer starts in early April, peaks in early June (when average temperatures can reach up to
32°C) and lasts till mid‐June.
• The minimum average temperature can be reach up to 10°C in the month of January.
• In Dharamshala, rainfall is experienced around the year.
• Maximum wind speed in Dharamshala is experienced from the month of March to that of
May.
• Maximum Wind Gust is also experienced during the months of March to May.

2.2.4 Water Resources

• The site has 2 perennial streams flowing in the East- West direction.
• The main water resource for the setting is near Dal lake near Naddi, Dharamshala.

2.2.5 Natural Drainage

• The site has plenty of ways to offer a solution to drainage problem.

• The site has 2 perennial streams for the natural storm water run-off.
• The site has a gentle gradient towards South for run-off.

24
2.2.6 Flora and Fauna

• There are 53 types of tress, 22 types of shrubs & 12 types of grasses are found in
Dharamshala.
• Prominently, there are Pinus, Cassia Fistula (Amaltas), Phoenix Sylvestris (Khajoor),
Mangifera Indica (Mango), Azadaricta Indica present in the site.
• As per the forest department, Dharamshala, approximately 25 types of mammals and 32
types of birds are found in Dharamshala.
• Main faunal species area Jackal, Langur, Sambhar, Wild Boar, Parakeet Jungle Crow, House
Crow, Rock Pigeon.

2.2.7 Existing Site Features

• The site has all the utility lines laid along the central existing road.
• The site has one sub-station already placed.
• There is a temple existing in the site.
• Site is primarily used for Kharif & Rabi crops.

2.2.8 Need for Residential Plan Area in Upper Barol

Dharamshala, Himachal Pradesh: On June 17/2016, the municipal corporation of

Dharamshala, assisted by the local police and administration, forcefully evicted around 1,500
migrant workers living in the “slum” area of Charan Khad, near lower Dharamshala.

The reluctant inhabitants, some of whom have been occupying the land for over 30-35 years,
mostly survive by working as daily wage labourers, ragpickers and masons, making Rs 500 on a
good day.

But current scenario of this is that only 750-800 migrants are living there on rental basis, others
have shifted to other places.

This give rise to the housing need for the EWS and LIG income group in Dharamshala (Upper
Barol).

Type of Income
According to this survey mostly population of Dharamshala lie in the income group of MIG. In
Upper Barol (Ward No. 12) about 55% of its population lie in MIG income group.

Type of Household
According to the housing survey, as many as 90 per cent of households comprise of joint
families and only 10 per cent are of nuclear families in the rural areas, whereas in urban areas the
percentage of joint and nuclear family households are 95% and 5% respectively.

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 CHAPTER 3- ASSUMPTIONS AND REQUIREMENTS

The assumptions and requirement on the basis of population are going to be applying to the site
are discussed as followings: -
• Area of site = 105 acres or 424920 m2.
• Area under EWS = 10% of total Area = 10.5 acres or 42491.99 m2.
• Planning Area = (Area of site) – (Area reserved for EWS) = 94.5 acres or 382427.9m2.
• Projected population for purposed site = 1166
• House Hold size (According to TCP Dharamshala) = 4
• No. of House Hold = 1166 / 4 = 291
• Slumdwellers = 780
• House Hold size = 6
• No. of House Hold (Slum dwellers) = 780 / 6 = 130
• Homeless people = 180
• House Hold size = 4.5
• No. of House Hold (Homeless) = 180 / 4.5 = 40
• Total No. of House Hold = 291 + 130 + 40 = 461

3.1. Residential Requirements

Since demand of LIG and EWS is more therefore we are providing 20% of total House Holds to
LIG and EWS. 35% of 461 = 161.

As percentage of MIG is more than HIG in the surrounding, therefore we are providing 45% to
MIG and 30% to HIG. 45% of 461 = 208 & 20% of 461 = 92.

3.1.1 Income Group Distribution

No. of
Category Composition House Hold Population
HIG 20% 92 368
MIG 45% 208 832
LIG & EWS 35% 161 966
Table 5

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3.1.2 Residential Area Requirements for HIG, MIG & LIG

Category HIG MIG LIG & EWS

Composition 20% 45% 35%
No. of Households 92 208 161
Household Ratio 4 4 6
No. of Plots 92 208 161
Assumed Area (in sq. m) 500 250 100
Total area (in sq. m) 46,000 52,000 16,100
Table 6
Total Area under residential area = 114,100 m2
Percentage of residential area ([114100 / 424920] x 100 = 32.5%)

3.2. Commercial Requirements

• 2 - 3% of total site area (According to Norms and Standards)

(3 / 100) x 424920 = 12747m2.
• For every 750 persons, 5 shops are required (HIMUDA Guidelines)
(5 / 750) x 2126 = 14 shops.

Total Area
Category Shop Size Area (in sq. m.) No. of Units
(in sq. m.)
I 5x6 30 9 270
II 5 x 10 50 5 250
Table 7

3.3. Parking Requirements

3.4. Water Requirements

Components Water No. of Total Total Water

Requirements Units Population Requirements
(l.p.c.d.)

Residential 135 461 2166 292410

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 Commercial 45 14 - 630

Creche 45 1 100 4500

Community 30 1 100 3000

hall

Religious site 30 1 2 60

Total - 300600

1% of total water requirements to meet demand of fire fighting 3006

Table 8
Hence total water required is 300600 + 3006 = 303606 l.p.c.d
Hence sewerage is 80% of total water demand = 242884 l.p.c.d

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 CHAPTER 4 - CONCEPTUAL PLAN

4.1 A plan or design giving the details of requirements and which concept is followed in the site
and alternative concepts, solutions for the considerations of the client and its comments,
suggestions and choice of the alternative for the future detailing.

Figure 13 Conceptual Plan 1

Figure 14 Concept 2
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Figure 15 Final Concept

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CHAPTER 5 – PROPOSALS

31