Presented by:

Aquino, Kathryn Faye

Balberan, Marvie Christian
Isuan, Kelly A.
Reyes, Chryslene
Web offset inks
 Web offset inks
• Refers to the use of rolls of paper supplied to the printing press
• Most commonly used in mass publications such as newspapers
and books
• On a printing plate there are two areas:
Areas accepting ink and being repellent to water (Image areas
are hydrophobic)
Areas accepting water (Non-image areas are hydrophilic)
• Due to the different surface tension, water and ink do not mix.
 • The inking and
dampening systems
deliver ink and water
onto the offset plate
covering the plate
cylinder.
• The plate cylinder
transfers the ink onto
the blanket covering the
offset cylinder.
• The paper is then
pressed against the
Fig. 1 Offset Printing Process offset cylinder by the
impression cylinder,
transferring the ink onto
the paper to form the
printed image.
Fig. 2 Surface Tension (ink & Fig. 3 Printed material (ink & water)
water)
 Types of Web Offset Inks
• Web offset non-heat set inks (Coldset web offset inks)
• Web offset heat-set inks (Heatset web offset inks)
 Web offset
non-heat set inks
or
Coldset web
offset inks
 Web offset non-heat set inks
• Comprises a resin-wax vehicle that is solid at room temperature,
and must be melted in order to be printed.
• They are occasionally used in screen printing by means of an
electrically-heated screen, and are known as hot melt inks.
• Upon printing, the ink dries gradually through absorption into the
paper and evaporation into the air.
• They are typically used for lower quality print output like
newsprint.
Fig. 4 cold set web offset printing press machinery
Web Offset Heat
Set Inks or
Heat Set Web
Offset Inks
 Web Offset Heat Set Inks

• Heatset inks are made of quick-dry ingredients which

comprises of the pigment, a solvent (a heatset oil), a
litho varnish, and a wax compound modifier.
• A layer of ink is applied to a usually glossy paper that
does not allow the ink to absorb into the paper.
• The ink is not water based, but oil based meaning that it
must literally boil off the paper to dry.
• They are used in letterpress typically in web presses and
have the advantage of quick drying which reduces the
risk of excessive ink spread
Fig. 5-6 Heat set web offset printing press machinery
 Web offset
heat set inks
VS.
Web offset
Non-heat set
inks
• Both coldest and heatset offset printing the paper is run
through the printing press in the same way. The difference
comes when it is time for the ink to dry.
• Coldset ink dries primarily through absorption into the
paper and evaporation into the air.
• Heatset ink can produce a much sharper image however,
it poorly absorbs into a glossy coated paper. To find
another way to dry the ink, ingredients that will quickly dry
under extreme heat are used.
Quick Set Inks
 Quick Set Inks
• A type of printing ink comprising a balanced solvent-resin-
oil vehicle which makes it glossy in appearance which doesn’t
require exposure to extreme heat.
• They are used frequently in letterpress for their compatibility
with cast-coated and enamel papers.
• When quick-set inks are printed, the solvent quickly drains out of
the ink film through absorption into the substrate leaving behind a
film of resin and oil which then quickly hardens
by oxidation and polymerization.
Fig7-8 Quickset inks Fig. 9 Quickset machinery
Sheet-Fed Offset
Inks
 Sheet-fed Offset Ink
• Sheet-fed refers to individual sheets of paper or rolls being fed
into a press via a suction bar that lifts and drops each sheet onto
place.
• A lithographic press uses principles of lithography to apply ink to
a printing plate.
• Lithographic inks such as sheet fed inks primarily set by a
combination of absorption of oil-based vehicle components into
the substrate, followed by oxidation and polymerization of the
remaining components of the vehicle.
 Uses of Sheet-fed Offset Ink
• Sheet-fed offset inks are used in printing books and journals in
the printing sector, posters and publications in the advertisement
and graphic sector, paper and folio labels and all kind of
cardboard packages in the packaging sector.
 Differences between
sheet fed and web
offset printing
• Sheet-fed presses offer several advantages. Because individual
sheets are fed through, a large number of sheet sizes and format
sizes can be run through the same press.
• Web-fed presses, on the other hand, are much faster than sheet-
fed presses, with speeds up to 80,000 cut-offs per hour.
• Web offset inks tend to be more fluid and have less tack than
sheet fed lithographic inks.
Rubber Based Inks
 Rubber based ink
• Rubber-based inks are formulated to be slow drying and “drying”
more by absorption into the paper substrate more than drying on
the surface of it.
• Rubber-based ink consists of vegetable oil, petroleum, pigment,
and synthetic resins.
• Rubber based ink is the most widely used small offset press
printing ink. It stays open on the press for days at a time
eliminating the need and time of costly wash ups.
Example print using rubber
based ink and oil based ink
Soybean-Based Inks
 Soybean based ink
• As opposed to traditional petroleum-based ink, soy-based ink is
more environmentally friendly, might provide more accurate
colors, and makes it easier to recycle paper. It is slower to dry
than many inks.
• To make soy ink, soybean oil is slightly refined and then blended
with pigment, resins, and waxes.
• It is commonly used in printing newspapers, marketing collateral
and other documents with printed logo or information.
 Benefits of Using Soybean
Based Ink
• Sharp clarity
• Cost effective
• Low VOC levels
• Highly recyclable
• Sustainability
Water-Based Inks
 Introduction

• These inks have a super soft hand, which makes them perfect
for a wide variety of printing applications, including shirts,
towels, sweatpants, towels, and even paper.
• Water based ink is any ink which uses water as a solvent base
to carry the pigment. But, there are a few different varieties of
water based ink that make up the full list.
• From ready for use (RFU) inks, to newer formulations like High
Solid Acrylic (HSA) inks.
Types of Water
Based Ink
 Ready For Use (RFU) Inks

• These inks come pre-mixed, and are offered in a large selection

of the most commonly used colors. You can print with them right
out of the bucket onto lighter fabrics, or use a white or discharge
under base to get more vibrant prints on dark garments.
• Ryonet manufactures a RFU Green Galaxy™ ink with a ratio of
80 percent transparent base, 20 percent opaque base and
pigment, which gives the inks high coverage and helps to keep
them on top of the fabric for the most vibrant colors possible.
 High Solid Acrylic (HSA) Inks
• In the world of water based inks, High Solid Acrylic inks are a
newer technology. Developed to combat some of the problems of
older water based inks (thin, runny, too transparent), these inks
have a thickening binder added to create a formula more akin to
plastisol ink.
• HSA inks don’t dry quickly on the screen, and can easily stretch
and stack on top of each other. Which make them ideal for more
complex printing techniques, such as halftones and simulated
process printing. In addition to these features, they still offer the
soft feeling of a water based print when properly cured on a t-
shirt.
 High Solid Acrylic (HSA) Inks

• Ryonet’s Green Galaxy™ Water Based Inks are an HSA water

based ink hybrid, made with 20 percent opaque HSA base,
which allows the ink to sit on top of the shirt fibers versus down
into the fibers. This allows you get the best of both worlds in one
print. Rather than settling into the fibers and taking on a duller
look, it stays vibrant and still feels nice and soft for your
customer.
Water Based Ink
Mixing Systems
• In addition to the many varieties of water based ink, you can
make further adjustments by adding specific additives to
whatever kind of water based ink you use.
• One of the most revolutionary additives is a water based low
cure additive called Green Galaxy™ Warp Drive. This additive
allows you to cure the ink at a much lower temperature than
ever before and allows shops without water based curing
equipment to use water based inks.
• Low cure additives like Green Galaxy™ Warp Drive also expand
the ink’s application to athletic and non-cotton fabrics, while
avoiding heat-related issues, like dye migration.
Laser Inks
 Introduction
• A laser ink runs over a photo sensitive drum that then applies the
opposite charge to the media as it passes over. Toner particles
are then exposed and attracted to the paper using static
electricity. The final step is fuse the toner particles into place with
a heating element.
 Composition of Laser Ink
• Laser and LED printers use a dry form of ink called toner, made
up of tiny particles of pigment. When you print a document, the
printer uses intense light to charge a spinning drum, which then
attracts the toner particles in the image of the page.
• The drum then fuses the toner to the paper with heat, embedding
the particles into the surface. Laser and LED printers are faster
than inkjets, although they cannot produce the same quality of
color as liquid ink models.
 Differences between Ink
and Toner
• The physical characteristics of ink and toner cartridges differ
considerably, both in terms of design format and contents. For
one thing, toner is a powder, while ink is a liquid.
• Toner and ink cartridges are both used to print documents and
photos, but the methods by which inkjet and laser printers
accomplish this are fundamentally different. In order to
understand why toner cartridges are not equal to ink cartridges,
consumers need a basic knowledge of printer technology.
• A closer look at inkjet and laser printer functionality can help to
illuminate the ways in which toner and ink work differently.
 Advantages
and Disadvantages
of Laser Ink
 Advantages

• Lasers are easier to maintain

• Lasers have more durable output
• Laser is generally cheaper per page
• Laser is generally faster
 Disadvantages
• Lasers are expensive to refill
• Lasers are heavy and large
• Lasers are loud
• Lasers are restricted to normal paper sizes
• Laser does not have high resolution output
Application of
Laser Ink
• Because of the unique role of toner in the xerographic printing
process, ink is not an acceptable substitute. The two main
components of toner are iron oxide and plastic resin.
• Laser printers do not simply press toner directly onto the paper.
Instead, a laser first draws an electrostatic template of the
image onto a rotating metal drum inside the printer. The drum,
which is covered in photosensitive material, starts out with either
a positive or negative charge.

• An extremely precise laser alters the electrical charge in certain

spots according to data fed from the computer. The drum is then
coated in magnetically charged toner, but the fine particles only
adhere to the areas where the laser previously defined the
image.
• Next a sheet of paper, which has also been magnetically
charged, rolls past the drum and draws the toner away. Lastly,
the fuser sets the image by warming and melting the plastic
particles.
Process Ink Colors
 Process Ink Colors

• Sometimes it also known as CMYK color model

• It is a subtractive color model, used in color printing, and is also
used to describe the printing process itself.
• CMYK refers to the four inks used in some color printing: Cyan,
Magenta, Yellow and Key (Black)
• The “K” in CMYK stands for key because in four color printing
cyan, magenta and yellow printing plates are carefully keyed or
aligned with the key of the black key plate.
• The CMYK model works by partially or entirely masking colors on
a lighter, usually white background.
Process Ink Colors
Process Ink Colors
 Screen Angle

C 15° 15° 105° 165°

M 75° 45° 75° 45°
Y 0° 0° 90° 90°
K 45° 75° 15° 105°
Process Color vs. Spot Color
Process Color
Reproduced by overlapping
and printing halftones to
simulate a large number of
colors
Inks are translucent and are
used to simulate different
colors
Prints dots of color
Spot Color
Reproduced using a single
printing plate or screen
Not actually translate to
matching process colors
Printed at 100% and has no
dot pattern
High Fidelity Colors
 High Fidelity Colors

• Refers to color printing beyond just the four process colors of

CMYK.
• Adding additional ink colors result in crisper, more colorful
images or allows for more special effects.
 Examples of High Fidelity
Colors
• 4C Plus Spot
• 6C Hexachrome
• 6C Dark/Light
• 8C Dark/Light
 4C Plus Spot

• One way of extending the options available for color printing is to

use the four process colors along with one or more spot colors
• It could be an overprint varnish such as an aqueous coating used
for special effects.
• This is a good option when you need full-color photos but also
need precise color matching of a company logo or another image
with a very specific color that may be hard to reproduce with
CMYK alone.
 6C Hexachrome

• Uses CMYK inks plus orange and green inks.

• With Hexachrome you have a wider color gamut and it may
produce better, more vibrant images than 4C alone.
 6C Dark/Light

• This six color digital color printing process uses CMYK inks plus
a lighter shade of cyan (LC) and magenta (LM) to create more
photo realistic images.
 8C Dark/Light

• In addition to CMYK, LC and LM this process adds a diluted

yellow (LY) and black (LK) for even more photo-realism, less
graininess, and smoother gradients.
 Ink and coatings which protect,
educate and enhance the lives of
every one of us should not be
taken for granted, but should be
celebrated and enjoyed.

-British Coatings Federation

Thank you for listening! 