Exercise 11.

1
Chapter 11 144
Q5. A ladder 32ft long leans against a building and makes

Chapter11
an angle of 65o with the ground. What is the distance
from the base of the building to the foot of the ladder?
How far it is from the ground to the top of the ladder?
Solution; Length of the ladder c = 32ft
Angle with the building = 65o
Application of Trigonometry Distance from ladder to building = a
Exercise 11.1 Height of the building = b
In problems 1—4 solve right triangles in which   90o & cos  
a
Q1. a  14,   28 o c
 a  c.cos 
Solution; we have a  14,   28o
a  32.cos  65o 
      180o
  180o  28o  90o a  13.5238
Now
  62o
b
b sin  
cos   c
b
tan   c
b  c.sin 
a b
c b  32sin  65 
b  a tan  cos 
b  14.tan 28 o
7.44 b  29.0018
c Q6. A 4 meter plank rests against a wall 1.8m high
b  7.4439 cos 62o
c  15.8476 so that 1.2m of it project beyond the wall and find
Q2. b  8.9,   21.5o the angle of plank makes with the wall?
Solution; Length of the plank = 4m
Solution; we have b  8.9,   21.5o
Height of the wall b = 1.8m
      180o Projected beyond the wall = 1.2m
  180o  21.5o  90o
  68.5o
b b
tan   sin  
a c
b b
a c
tan  sin 
8.9 8.9 Remaining length of plank c = 4m 1.2m  2.8m
a c
tan 21.5o sin 21.5o Or BD=AB+AD
a  22.5939 c  24.2837 4 m = AB+1.2 m
Q3. a  250,   42 25  42.42o
o / AB = 4 m – 1.2 m
Solution; we have a  250,   42o 25/  42.42o AB = 2.8 m
b
      180o sin  
c
  180o  42o 25/  90o  1.8 
  sin 1  
  47 35
o /  2.8 
  40o
Now And
Q7. An isosceles triangle has a vertical angle of
b
tan   sin  
b 108o and a base 20 cm long calculate its altitude.
a c
Solution; Vertical angle = 108o
 b  a tan  c
b
sin  Isosceles triangle having AB =AC
b  250 tan 47 o 35/ Than opposite angles must be equal i.e.,   
273.6250
c
b  273.6250 sin 47 o 35/ And AD=h is an altitude or perpendicular on BD
c  370.6355
which divide an angle  into two equal parts.
Q4. c  632, b  240 i.e. 108o/2=54o
Solution; we have c  632, b  240 Than in triangle ABD
b 240   90  54  180
sin   
c 632   180  144
  sin 1  0.37975    36
  22o 20 /
Now and
h
a tan 36 
cos         180o 10
c
 a  c.cos    180o  22o 20/  90o h  10  tan 36
h  7.2654cm
a  632.cos  22o 20 /    67o 40/
Q8. Length and width of the rectangle are 19.2 cm and 12.4 cm
a  584.5929 respectively. Find the angle between a diagonal

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 Exercise 11.2
Chapter 11 145
and the shorter side of the rectangle. Q3. A mosque minar 82meters high casts a shadow of
Solution; Length of the rectangle AB = 19.2cm 62meter long. Find the angle of elevation of the sun at
Width of the rectangle BC = 12.4cm that moment.
Solution: Let Height of minar AC=82m,
Length of shadow AB=62m
Angle of elevation mB  
In ABC
Suppose ACB   tan  
82
AB 62
tan  
BC  82 
19.2    tan 1  
tan    62 
12.4
tan   1.5484   52.9072 o

  tan 1 1.5484  Q4. The angle of depression of a boat 65.7m from

  57.14 o the base of a cloff is 28.9o. How high is the cliff?
Q9. If a cone is 8.4cm high and has a vertical angle Solution: Point A represent baot,
of 72o, calculate the diameter of its base. distance from a boat to cliff = AC
Solution; height of the cone AB = 8.4cm Height of a cliff = BC
Vertical angle at A =72o Angle of depression mXCA  28.9o
Height AB/ Perpendicular bisects vertical angle into By definition of alternate angles
equal parts i.e. 72o/2=36o mXCA  mCAB  28.9o
As wall as Height AB/ Perpendicular bisects diameter
into equal parts i.e. diameter/2 = radius = BC
In triangle ABC
BC
tan 36o 
8.4
BC  8.4 tan 360 In ABC
BC  6.10296 BC
tan 28.9o 
Than diameter = 2(radius) 65.7
Diameter = 2 (6.10296) BC  65.7 tan 28.9o
Diameter = 12.20592 cm BC  36.2683m
Q10. A kite has 120m of string attached to it when it files at an Q5. From a top of a cliff 52m high the angles of
elevation of 53o. How far is it above hand holding it?
depression of two ships due east of it are 36o and
Solution; Let A represents Hand
24o respectively. Find distance between the ships.
Length of string = AC
Soltuion: Let Height of a cliff = 52m
Height of the kite = BC
Angle of elevation = 53o A and D are two boats
BC i.e. A,D and C are collinear
sin 53  Angle of depression are 36o and 24o
120
BC  120.sin 53
BC  95.8363m
Exercise 11.2
Q1. An aerial mast is supported by two wires attached to points
on the ground each 57 m away from the foot of the mast. If each
wire makes an angle of 32o with the horizontal, find the height From the figure mA  24o , mD  36o
of the mast. In ABC
Solution: Let Distance from the mast AB = AD = 57m 52
Let height of the mast = AC and mB  mD  32
o tan 24o 
AC
In ABC 52
AC AC 
tan 32o  tan 24o
57
AC  116.79m
AC  57.tan 32o
In BCD
AC  35.618m 52
Q2. The angle of elevation of the top of a post from a point on tan 36o 
DC
level ground 38m away is 33.23o. Find the height of the post. 52
DC 
Solution: Angle of elevation mB  33.23
o
tan 36o
Distance from the post AB = 38m DC  71.57 m
Height of the post = AC Now distance between boats
In ABC AC=AD+DC
AC
tan 33.23o  AD=AC-DC
38
AD= 116.79 m– 71.57m
AC  38.tan 33.23o
AD= 45.22m
AC  24.8949m

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 Exercise 11.3
Chapter 11 146
Q6. Two masts are 20m and 12m high. If the line Q9. A regular pentagon is incribed I a circle of radius 5
joining their tops makes an angle of 35o with the centimeters. Find length of a side of pentagon.
horizontal; find their distance apart. Solution: Let ABCDE is a regular pentagon
Solution: Let Two masts AE=20m and CD=12m i.e., AB=BC=CD=DE=EA
Line joining their tops makes an angle = 35o and all of its interior angles are equal
Distance apart AD = ?
Let ABCD is a rectangle
And AE=AB+BE (using AB=CD)
20=12+BE
BE=20-12
BE=8m

with circle of radius AF =5cm

take a perpendicular bisector from F to a chord AB i.e. AG=GB
internal angle of regular polygon n2
 180
In CBE
n

8 Internal angle For pentagon 5 2

5
180  108o
tan 35 
o
o
AF bisect internal angle so mFAG  1082  54
BC o

8
BC  In AGF
tan 35o AG
BC  11.43m cos 54o 
AF
Hence AD = BC = 11.43m AG  5 cos 54o
Q7. Measure of the angle of elevation of a kite is AG  2.94cm
35o . String of a kite is 340 meter long. If the sag is  AB  AG  GB
in the string is 10 meter, find the height of the kite. AB  2 AG AG  GB
AB  2  2.94cm 
Solution: we have angle of elevation mA  35o
AB  5.88cm
Length of the string or arc length AB =340m
And sag is 10m so the straigt length after subtracting the sag, Exercise 11.3
we have AB=330 Q1. Find the measure of the smallest angle of the
In ABC triangle whose sides have lengths
BC a). 4.3,5.1 and 6.3
sin 35o 
330 Solution: Let a  4.3, b  5.1, c  6.3
BC  330sin 35o The smallest side a  4.3
BC  189.28m Therefore the smallest angle = 
Using law of cosine
Q8. A parachutist is descending vertically. How far does
c2  b2  a 2
parachutist fall as the angle of elevation changes from cos  
50o to 30o. which observes from a point 100m away 2bc
from feet of parachutist where he touches the ground. 6.3  5.12  4.32 47.21
2
cos   
Solution: parachutist fall from the point A 2  6.3 5.1 64.26
From point D angle of elevation at A = 50o 47.21
i.e. mADC  50o   cos 1
64.26
From point D angle of elevation at B = 30o   42.72o
i.e. mBDC  30o b). 3,4.2 and 3.8
Distance from falling point & angle obsevation = 100m
Solution: Let a  3, b  4.2, c  3.8
In ADC
The smallest side a  3
AC
tan 50o  Therefore the smallest angle = 
100 Using law of cosine
AC  100 tan 50o c 2  b2  a 2
cos  
AC  119.18m 2bc
In BCD cos  
4.22  3.82  32
BC 2  4.2  3.8 
tan 30o 
100 23.08
cos  
BC  100 tan 30o 31.92
1 23.08
BC  57.74m   cos
AC=AB+BC 31.92
AB = AC - BC   43.69o
AB=119.18-57.74 Q2. Find the measure of the largest angle of the
AB=61.44m triangle whose sides have lengths
a). 2.9,3.3 and 4.1

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 Exercise 11.3
Chapter 11 147
Solution: Let a  2.9, b  3.3, c  4.1 c  152.1592 152
The largest side c  4.1 c2  b2  a 2
Similarly cos  
Therefore the largest angle =  2bc
a 2  b2  c2 2402  1522  1202
Using law of cosine cos   cos  
2  240 152 
2ab
66304
2.92  3.32  4.12 cos  
cos   72960
2  2.9  3.3
66304
2.49   cos 1
cos   72960
19.14
2.49   24.66o
  cos 1
19.14  25o
  82.52o Now       180o
b). 6.0, 8 and 9.4   180o  25o  32o
Solution: Let a  6.0, b  8, c  9.4
  123o
The largest side c  9.4
Q5. a  24.5, c  43.8,   112
o
Therefore the largest angle = 
Solution: we have a  24.5, c  43.8,   112
o
Using law of cosine
cos  
a 2  b2  c2 To find  ,  ,b
2ab b 2  a 2  c 2  2ac cos 
62  82  9.4 2
cos   b 2  24.52  43.82  2  24.5 43.8 cos112o
2  6  8 
11.64 b 2  600.25  1918.44  803.98
cos  
96 b 2  332.67
1 11.64 taking square root
  cos
96 b  57.64
  83.0358o Similarly
In problem 3 to 9, find the missing parts of ABC c2  b2  a 2
cos  
Q3. a  209, b  120, c  241 2bc
Solution: we have a  209, b  120, c  241 57.62  43.82  24.52
cos  
c2  b2  a 2 2  57.6  43.8 
Using cos  
2bc 4635.95
cos  
241  120  209
2 2 2
5045.76
cos  
2  241120  4635.95
  cos 1
28800 5045.76
cos  
57840   23.25o
28800 Now
  cos 1
57840
      180o
  60.1372o
Similarly   180o  23o  112o
a 2  b2  c2   45o
cos  
Q6. a  0.7, c  0.8,   141 30  141.5
2ab o o
2092  1202  2412
cos  
2  209 120  Solution: we have a  0.7, c  0.8,   141 30  141.5
o o

cos  
0 To find  ,  ,b take b2  a2  c2  2ac cos 
b2  0.72  0.82  2  0.7  0.8 cos 141o 30/ 
950160
  cos 1 0
  90o b2  0.49  0.64  112  0.7826
Now using b2  2.00652
      180 o
Taking square root on both sides
  180o  60o  90o b  1.4165
  30o c2  b2  a 2
Similarly cos  
Q4. a  120, b  240,   32
o 2bc
0.82  1.41652  0.7 2
cos  
Solution: we have a  120, b  240,   32
o
2  0.8 1.4165 
To find  , , c 2.1565
cos  
c 2  a 2  b 2  2ab cos  2.2664
c 2  1202  2402  2 120  240  cos 32o   cos 1
2.1565
2.2664
c 2  72000  57600 cos 32o
c 2  23152.42966   17.9163o  17 0 54
Taking square root on both sides Now       180o

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 Exercise 11.3
Chapter 11 148
  180o  17o 54/  141o 30/ Q10. Two planes start from Karachi international Airport at
the same time and fly in direction, that makes an angle of 127o
  20o 36/ with each other. Their speeds are 525km/h. How far they are
Q7. a  34, b  23, c  58 at the end of 2 hours of flying time?
Sol: Total distance covered in 2 hours = 1050km
Solution: we have a  34, b  23, c  58
i.e. a  c  1050km
In this triangle sum of two sides is not greater than
Distance between two planes from fig is AC  b  ?
the third side.
i.e., a  b  c or 34  23  57  58
so triangle is not possible.
Q8. a  15.6, b  18,   35 10
o /

b 2  a 2  c 2  2ac cos 
Solution: we have a  15.6, b  18,   35 10
o /

b 2  10502  10502  2 1050 1050  cos 127o 

To find  ,  ,c
b 2  1102500  1102500  2205000  0.6018
c 2  a 2  b 2  2ab cos 
c 2  15.62  182  2 15.6 18  cos 35o10/ b 2  3532002.126
taking square root
c 2  243.36  324  49.09698324
b  1879.36km
c 2  108.2631676
Q11. sides of a parallelogram are 25 cm and 35 cm long
taking square root and one of its angle is 36o. Find lengths of its diagonals.
c  10.4049588 Solution: Let ABCD is parallelogram
c 10.4 Then opposite sides are equal and parallel
Similarly i.e., AB  CD  35cm, AD  BC  25cm
c2  b2  a 2 And opposite angles are equal A  C, D  B
cos  
2bc
18  10.42  15.62
2
cos  
2 18 10.4 
188.8
cos   Sum of interior angle of parallelogram are 360o, Then
374.4
188.8 A  B  C  D  360O
  cos 1 2A  2C  360O A  C , B  D
374.4
  59.7168o A  C  180 O
A  36O
 59o 43/ C  180  36O  144O
Now In triangle ABD
      180o BD 2  AB 2  AD 2  2  AB  AD  cos A
  180o  59o 43/  35o10/ BD 2  352  252  2  35 25 cos  36o 
  85o 07 / BD 2  1225  625  1982.091636
Q9. b  1.6, c  3.2,   100o 24/ BD 2  434.2202598
Solution: we have b  1.6, c  3.2,   100o 24/ Taking square root on both sides
To find  ,  , a using c2  a2  b2  2ab cos  BD  20.83795cm
Similarly In triangle BCD
c 2  15.62  182  2 15.6 18  cos 35o10 /
AC 2  AB 2  BC 2  2  AB  BC  cos A
c 2  243.36  324  49.09698324
AC 2  352  252  2  35  25  cos 144o 
c 2  108.2631676
Taking square root AC 2  1225  625  1415.77974
c  10.4049588 10.4 AC 2  3265.77974
a 2  c2  b2 taking square root
Similarly cos  
2ac AC  57.147cm
3.83  3.2  1.62
2 2
Q12. Two airplanes leave a field at same time on files 30o East
cos  
2  3.83 3.2  of North art 250 km/h, the other 45o East of South at 300
km/h. How far apart are they at end of 2 hours?
22.3489
cos   Solution: Let total distance of first plane
24.512 OA  250km / 2h  500km
22.3489
  cos 1 And total distance of first plane
24.512 OB  300km / 2h  600km
  24.2512o
 24o15/
Now       180o
  180o  24o15/  100o 24/
  55o 21/

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 Exercise 11.4
Chapter 11 149
 NOA+  AOB+  BOS = 180 a

345
 AOB = 180 – 45 – 30 = 105 sin100 o
sin 56.4o
In triangle OAB 345sin100o
a
AB 2  OA2  OB 2  2  OA  OB  cos AOB sin 56.4o
a  407.91
AB 2  5002  6002  2  500  600  cos 105o 
a 408
AB 2  250000  360000  155291.4171 Again from law of sine
AB  768291.4271
2 b

c
taking square root sin  sin 
AB  874.809km b

345
Q13. Use law of cosine to prove that sin 23.6o sin 56.4o

a). 1  cos  
 b  c  a  b  c  a  b
345sin 23.6o
2bc sin 56.4o
Solution: we have to prove b  165.83
 b  c  a  b  c  a  b 166
1  cos  
2bc
Q2 .   35 ,   70 , c  115
o o

Taking LHS 1  cos 

Solution: we have   35 ,   70 , c  115
o o
c2  b2  a 2
 1
2bc
2bc  c 2  b 2  a 2
To find a, b, 

2bc Since
c 2  b 2  2bc  a 2       180o

2bc   180o  70o  35o
b  c   a2
2

   75o
2bc Using Law of sine
 b  c  a  b  c  a 
 a

c
2bc sin  sin 
= RHS Hence proved
a 115
 a  b  c  a  b  c  o

sin 75o
b). 1  cos   sin 35
2bc 115sin 35o
a
Solution: we have to prove sin 75o
 a  b  c  a  b  c  a  68.2882
1  cos  
2bc a 68
Taking LHS b c
Again from law of sine 
1  cos  sin  sin 
c 2  b 2  a 2 2bc  c 2  b 2  a 2 b 115
 1  o

2bc 2bc sin 70 sin 75o
a 2  c 2  b 2  2bc a   b  c  2bc  115sin 70o
2 2 2

  b
2bc 2bc sin 75o
b  111.8768
a2  b  c 
2

 b 112
2bc
Q3 .   39 30 ,   34 10 , a  240
o / o /
 a  b  c  a  b  c 

Solution: we have   39 30 ,   34 10 , a  240
2bc o / o /

= RHS Hence proved       180o

Since
Law of sine
  180o  39o 30/  34o10/
sin  sin  sin  a b c
  or     106o 20/
a b c sin  sin  sin 
b a

Exercise 11.4 Using Law of sine
sin  sin 
Solve the triangle with dimensions b 240

Q1.   100 , c  345,   56.4
o o
sin 39 30 sin106o 20/
o /

240sin 39o 30/

Solution: we have   100 , c  345,   56.4 b
o o
sin106o 20/
To find a, b,  Since b  159.0789
      180o b 159

  180o  100o  56.4o Again from law of sine

a c
  23.6o 
sin  sin 
Using Law of sine 240 c
a c 
 sin106 20 sin 34o10/
o /

sin  sin 

Khalid Mehmood Lecturer GDC Bilot Sharif D.I.Khan available at http://www.mathcity.org

 Exercise 11.4
Chapter 11 150
240sin 34 10 o /
Q7. One diagonal of a parallelogram is 20cm long
c
sin106o 20/ and at one end forms angles 20o and 40o with the
c  140.4529 sides of the parallelogram. Find length of the sides?
c 140 Solution: we have
Q4 . a  37.5, b  12.4,   72
o

Solution: we have a  37.5, b  12.4,   72

o

b a
Using Law of sine 
sin  sin 
12.4 37.5 From fig ABCD is a parallelogram, AC is a diagonal

sin 72o sin  In ABC , AC = b = 20cm, AB = c , BC = a
37.5sin 72o And A   , B   , C   Since
 sin  
12.4       180o
sin   2.8762
Which is not possible   180o  20o  40o
Because Range of sine is [-1,1]   120o
So no triangle is possible a b
Using Law of sine 
Q5 . a  58.4,   37.2 ,   100 sin  sin 
o o

Solution: we have a  58.4,   37.2 ,   100

o o a 20
o

sin 20 sin120o
Since       180
o
20sin 20o
a
  180o  100o  37.2o sin120o
  42.8o a  7.8986
b a a 7.9
Using Law of sine 
sin  sin  b

c
Again from law of sine
b 58.4 sin  sin 

sin 37.2 o
sin 42.8o 20 c

58.4sin 37.2o sin120o sin 40o
b 20 sin 40o
sin 42.8o c
sin120o
b  51.9671
c  14.8445
b 52 c 14.8
a c
Again from law of sine  Q8. The diagonal of a parallelogram meets the sides at
sin  sin  angles of 30o and 40o. If the length of the diagonal is
58.4 c 30cm. Then find the perimeter of the parallelogram?

sin 42.8o
sin100o Solution: we have
58.4sin100o
c
sin 42.8o
c  84.6472
c 84.7
Q6 . c  13.6,   30 24 ,   72 6
o / o /
From fig ABCD is a parallelogram, AC is a diagonal
Solution: we have c  13.6,   30 24 ,   72 6
o / o / In ABC , AC = b = 30cm, AB = c , BC = a
And A   , B   , C   Since
Since       180
o

      180o
  180  72 6  30 24
o o / o /
  180o  30o  40o
  77 30
o /
  110o
a c
Using Law of sine  a b
sin  sin  Using Law of sine 
sin  sin 
a 13.6
 a 30
sin 30o 24 / sin 72 o 6 / 
a
13.6 sin 30o 24 / sin 30o sin110o
sin 77 o 30 / 30sin 30o
a  7.0492 a
sin110o
a 7.05 a  15.9627
b c a 16
Again from law of sine 
sin  sin  b c
Again from law of sine 
b

13.6 sin  sin 
sin 72o 6 / sin 77 o 30 / 30 c

13.6 sin 72o 6 / sin110 o
sin 40o
b
sin 77 o 30 / 30sin 40o
b  13.2559 c
sin110o
b 13.26 c  20.5212 20.5

Khalid Mehmood Lecturer GDC Bilot Sharif D.I.Khan available at http://www.mathcity.org

 Exercise 11.5
Chapter 11 151
Now perimeter=  a  a  b  b We know that
P  2a  2b       180o
P  2 16   2  20.5     180o  
P  32  41  73cm     180o  57 o
Q9. A robin on a branch 40ft up in a tree spots a worm     123o.......(1)
at an angle of depression of 14o. From a branch 15ft  
above the robin, a crow spots same worm at an angle of   61.5o

2
depression of 19o. How far is each bird from worm?
   
Sol: Let distance between the crow and worm is DW tan  
As a  b ab  2 

a b    
tan  
 2 
48  32 tan 61.5

84  32    
tan  
 2 
distance between the robin and worm is CW 80 tan 61.5

In BDW 16    
BD tan  
sin14o   2 
DW
     tan 61.5
DW 
40
 165.34 feet
tan  
sin14o  2  5
In CBW    1.84177 
 tan 1  
BC 2  5 
sin19o 
CW  
 20.22o
55 2
CW 
sin19o     40.44o....(2)
CW  168.94 feet Adding equation (1) & (2)
Q10. angle of elevation of a building is 48o from A and     123.00o
61o from B if AB is 20m find the height of the building.     40.44o
Solution: Let Height of the building CD= h
AB= 20m and BC = x 2  163.44o
Then AC= AB+BC=20+x   81.72o    81o 43
In ADC Put in (1)
CD 81.72o    123o
tan 48o 
AC   123o  81.72o
h  AC tan 48o
  41.28o
h   20  x  tan 48 ....(1)
o
  41o17
In BCD Now using Law of sine
CD
tan 61o  a c
BC 
sin  sin 
h  BC tan 61o
48 c
h  x tan 61o..................................(2) 
sin 81.72o sin 57 o
Comparing eq (1) and (2) 48sin 57 o
x tan 61o   20  x  tan 48o c
sin 81.72o
1.8 x  1.11 20  x  c  40.6802
1.8 x  22.21  1.11x c 40.68
1.8 x  1.11x  22.21 Q2. b  12.5, c  23, and   38o 20/
0.69 x  22.21 Solution: we have b  12.5, c  23, and   38o 20/
22.21
BC  x  To find a,  and  , We know that
0.69
BC  x  32.19m       180o
Put in (2)     180o  
h  32.19 tan 61o     180o  38o 20/
h  58.07m     141o 40/ .......(1)
Exercise 11.5 
 
 70o 50/
2
Solve the triangle ABC using the law of tangents in
problems 1—5 As c  a
Q1. a  48, b  32, and   57o    
tan  
cb  2 
Solution: we have a  48, b  32, and   57o 
cb   
To find c,  and  tan  
 2 

Khalid Mehmood Lecturer GDC Bilot Sharif D.I.Khan available at http://www.mathcity.org

 Exercise 11.5
Chapter 11 152
23  12.5 tan 70 50 o /
Adding equation (1) & (2)

23  12.5        156o 35/
tan  
 2      15o 16/
o /
35.5 tan 70 50
 2  171o 51/
10.5   
tan  
 2    85o 55/ 30/ /
     21tan 70 50
o /
Put in (1)
tan   
 2  71 85o 55/ 30 / /    156o 35/
   21 2.87699    156o 35/  85o 55/ 30 / /
 tan 1  
2  71    70o 39/ 30/ /
  Now using Law of sine
 40.39588o
2 a c
    80o 47 / ....(2) 
sin  sin 
Adding equation (1) & (2) a 37

    141o 40 / sin  23 25  sin  85o 55/ 30 / / 
o /

    80o 47 /
37 sin  23o 25/ 
2  222 27 o / a
sin  85o 55/ 30/ / 
  111 13 30
o / //

a  14.74161751 14.74
Put in (1)
Q4. a  88, b  48, and   75o51/
111o13/ 30/ /    141o 40/
Solution: we have a  88, b  48, and   75o51/
  141o 40/  111o13.5/
To find c,  and  , We know that
  30o 26/ 30/ /
      180o
Now using Law of sine
    180o  
a c
     180o  75o 51/
sin  sin 
a 23     104o 9 / .......(1)

sin  38 20  sin 111o13/ 30 / / 
o /
 
  52 4 30
o / //

23sin  38o 20 / 
2
a   
sin 111o13/ 30 / / 
tan  
As a  b ab
  2 
a  15.3035 15.3 a b   
tan  
 2 
Q3. b  35, c  37, and   23o 25/
88  48 tan  52 4 30 
o / //

Solution: we have b  35, c  37, and   23o 25/ 

88  48    
To find a,  and  tan  
 2 
136 tan  52 4 30 
We know that o / //

      180 o 
40    
tan  
    180o    2 
    180o  23o 25/      5 tan  52 4 30 
o / //

tan   
    156o 35/ .......(1)  2  17
     5  1.2834 
  78 17 30
o / //
 tan 1  
2 2  17 
As c  a  
 20.68o
    2
tan       41.36011o  40o 21/ 36/ / ....(2)
cb  2 

cb    Adding equation (1) & (2)
tan  
 2      104o 9/
37  35 tan  78 17 30      41o 21/ 36/ /
o / //


37  35    2  145o 30/ 36/ /
tan  
 2    72o 45/18/ /
72 tan  78 17 30 
o / //


Put in (1)
2    72o 45/18/ /    104o 9/
tan  
 2    104o 9/  72o 45/18/ /
   tan  78o17 / 30 / / 
tan 
 2

 36   31o 23/ 42/ /
  1  4.82528  a c
 tan   Now using Law of sine 
2  36  sin  sin 
 
 7.63417 o 88 c
2 
   15 16 ....(2)
o / sin  72o 45/18/ /  sin  75o 51/ 

Khalid Mehmood Lecturer GDC Bilot Sharif D.I.Khan available at http://www.mathcity.org

 Exercise 11.5
Chapter 11 153
88sin  75 51  c b a
o / 2 2 2

c cos  
sin  72 45 18  o / // 2bc
47  522  742
2

c  89.346495 89.35 cos  

2  47  52 
Q5. a  168, c  319, and   110o 22/
563
Solution: we have a  168, c  319, and   110o 22/ cos  
4888
To find b,  and  563
  cos 1
We know that 4888
      180o   96.61o
    180o     96o 36 / 50 / /
    180  110 22
o o /
Q7. a  7, b  9 and c  7
    69o 38/ .......(1) Solution; we have a  7, b  9 and c  7
  Here largest side is b  9 so its opposite angle 
  34 49
o /

2
should be largest
As c  a
a 2  c2  b2
   From Law of cosine, we have cos  
tan   2ac
ca  2 
 72  72  92 17
ca    cos   
tan 
 2 
 2  7  7  96

319  168 tan  34 49 

17
  cos 1
o /

 96
319  168    
tan     79.8o
 2 
 79o 48/
487 tan  34 49 
o /

 Q8. a  2.3, b  1.5 and c  2.7

151    
tan  
 2  Solution; we have a  2.3, b  1.5 and c  2.7
Here largest side is c  2.7 so its opposite angle 
     151tan  34 49 
o /

tan    should be largest

 2  487
   151 0.695449 
From Law of cosine, we have
 tan 1   a 2  b2  c2
2  487  cos  
2ab
 
 12.168498 o
2.3  1.52  2.7 2
2

2 cos  
2  2.31.5 
    24.33699o
0.25
    24o 20/13/ / ..............................(2) cos  
6.9
Adding equation (1) & (2) 1  0.25 
  cos  
    69o 38/  6.9 
    24o 20/13/ /   87.9236o
  87 o 55/ 25/ /
2  96o 58/13/ /
Solve triangle for which length of three sides are given
  46o 59/ 6/ /
Q9. a  9, b  7 and c  5
Put in (1)
Solution: we have a  9, b  7 and c  5
46o 59/ 6/ /    69o 38/
abc
  69o 38/  46o 59/ 6/ / We know that s 
2
  22o 38/ 54/ / 9  7  5 21
a c s 
Now using Law of sine  2 2
sin  sin  s  10.5
168 b s  a  10.5  9  1.5

 o /
sin 22 38 54 //

sin 110o 22 /   s  b  10.5  7  3.5
 s s  a
168sin 110 22 o /
 Now cos   
b 2 bc
sin  22o 38/ 54 / /  10.5 1.5 
 
cos   
b  409.005602  
2 75
b 409  
cos    0.6708
In problem 6 – 8, find the angle of largest measure 2
Q6. a  74, b  52 and c  47 
 cos 1  0.6708 
2
Solution; we have a  74, b  52 and c  47 
Here largest side is a  74 so its opposite angle   47.8696o
2
should be largest   95.7392
From Law of cosine, we have  95.7o

Khalid Mehmood Lecturer GDC Bilot Sharif D.I.Khan available at http://www.mathcity.org

 Exercise 11.5
Chapter 11 154

 s  s  b Solution; we have a  6, b  8 and c  12

Similarly cos   
2 ca abc
To find  ,  and  We know that s 
10.5  3.5 
2
 
cos    6  8  12
2 95 s
2
 
cos    0.9037 s
26
 13
2 2
 s  a  13  6  7
 cos 1  0.9037 
2 s  b  13  8  5
  s s  a
2
 25.3418o Now cos   
2 bc
  50.7035 50.7o 13  7 
 
cos   
We know that       180o 2 8 12
  180    
o
 
cos    0.9736
  180  50.7  95.7
o o o 2

  33.6o  cos 1  0.9736 
2
Q10. a  1.2, b  9 and c  10 
 13.1922o
Solution: we have a  1.2, b  9 and c  10 2
To find  ,  and    26.3843
abc  26.4o
We know that s 
 s  s  b
Similarly cos   
2
1.2  9  10 20.2 2 ca
s 
2 2
  13  5 
s  10.1 cos  
2  6  12
s  a  10.1  1.2  8.9
 
s  b  10.1  9  1.1 cos    0.9501
2 
 s s  a
Now cos   

 cos 1  0.9501
2 bc 2

  10.1 8.9   18.1680o
cos    2
2 9  10
  36.331 36.3o
  We know that       180o
cos    0.9994
2
  180o    

 cos 1  0.9994    180o  26.4o  36.3o
2
   117.3o
 2.0034o
2 Q12. A city block is bounded by three streets. If the
  4.0069 measure of the sides of the block are 285,375 and
 4o 396 meters, find the measure of the angles of the
 s  s  b streets make with each other.
Similarly cos    Solution; Let a  285, b  375 and c  396
2 ca
abc
  10.11.1 To find  ,  and  We know that s 
cos    2
 
2 1.2 10 285  375  396 1056
s 
  2 2
cos    0.9622 s  528
2
 s  a  528  285  243
 cos 1  0.9622  s  b  528  375  153
2
 Now cos     s  s  a 
 15.8033o 2 bc
2
  31.6066   528  243
cos   
 31.6 o  
2 375  396
 
We know that cos    0.9295
2
      180o

  180o      cos 1  0.9295
2
  180o  4o  31.6o 
 21.6405o
  144.4o 2
  43.2810 43.3o  43o17
Q11. a  6, b  8 and c  12

Khalid Mehmood Lecturer GDC Bilot Sharif D.I.Khan available at http://www.mathcity.org

 Exercise 11.6
Chapter 11 155
  800  0.70599
Similarly cos     s  s  b 
2 ca   564.7923
  528  
153  565 sq unit
cos  
2 285  396 Q5. a  7, b  8 and c  2
 
cos    0.8460 Solution: we have a  7, b  8 and c  2
2
abc
 s
 cos 1
 0.8460  2
2 7  8  2 17
 s 
 32.2161o 2 2
2 s  8.5
  64.4322
s  a  8.5  7  1.5
 64o 26 /
s  b  8.5  8  0.5
We know that       180o s  c  8.5  2  6.5
  180o       s  s  a  s  b  s  c 
  180  43 17  64 26
o o o /
  8.5 1.5  0.5  6.5 
  72o17 /
  6.44 sq. unit
Exercise 11.6 Q6. a  11, b  9 and c  8
Find the area of triangle in each case Solution: we have a  11, b  9 and c  8
Q1. a  15, b  80, and   38o abc
s
Solution: we have a  15, b  80, and   38o 2
1 11  9  8 28
 ab sin  s 
2 2 2
s  14
  15  80  sin  38o 
1
2 s  a  14  11  3
  600  0.61566 s  b  14  9  5
  369.3968 s  c  14  8  6
 369.4 sq unit  s  s  a  s  b  s  c 
Q2. b  14, c  12 and   82 o
  14  3 5  6 
Solution: we have b  14, c  12 and   82o   35.5 sq. unit
1
  bc sin 
2
Q7. b  414, c  485 and   49o 47 /
Solution: we have b  414, c  485 and   49o 47 /
 14 12  sin  82o 
1

2 1
  84  0.9945
 bc sin 
2
  83.5398
  414  485  sin  49o 47 / 
1

 83.5 sq unit 2
Q3. a  30,   50o , and   100o   100395  0.7636
  76662.449
Solution: we have a  30,   50o , and   100o
 76662 sq unit
We know that       180o
Q8. a  32,   47o 24/ , and   70o16/
  180    
o
Solution: we have a  32,   47o 24/ , and   70o16/
  180o  50o  100o
We know that       180o
  30o
1 sin  sin    180o    
  a2
2 sin    180o  47o 24/  70o16/
2 sin  50  sin 100    62o 20/
o o
1
   30 
2 sin  30 
o
1 2 sin  sin 
 a
  450  1.5088 2 sin 
2 sin  47 24  sin  70 16 
o / o /
  678.9659 1
   32 
 679 sq unit 2 sin  62 20 
o /

Q4. b  40,  50o , and   60o   512  0.7823

Solution: we have b  40,  50o , and   60o   400.5459
 400.5 sq unit
We know that       180o
  180o     Q9. b  47,  60o 25/ , and   41o35/
  180o  50o  60o Solution: we have b  47,  60o 25/ , and   41o35/
  70o We know that
1 sin  sin        180o
  b2
2 sin    180o    
2 sin  50  sin  60    180o  60o 25/  41o 35/
o o
1
  40 
2 sin  70o    78o

Khalid Mehmood Lecturer GDC Bilot Sharif D.I.Khan available at http://www.mathcity.org

 Exercise 11.7
Chapter 11 156
1 2 sin  sin  Q2. 21,20,29
 b
2 sin  Solution: Let a  21, b  20 and c  29
2 sin  60 25  sin  41 35  a  b  c 21  20  29 70
o / o /
1
  47  s    35
2 sin  78o  2 2 2
  1104.5  0.5901 s  a  35  21  14
  651.7448 s  b  35  20  15
 651.7 sq unit s  c  35  29  6
Q10. c  57,  23o 24/ , and   71o36/   s  s  a  s  b  s  c 
Solution: we have c  57,  23o 24/ , and   71o36/
  35 14 15  6 
We know that       180o
  210 sq. unit
  180o     
r
  180o  23o 24/  71o 36/ s
  85o 210
r
sin  sin  35
  12 c 2
sin  r6
sin  23o 24 /  sin  71o 36 /  abc
 1
 57 
2
R
sin  85o  4
2

  1624.5  0.3783  21 20  29 

R
  614.5217 4  210 
 614.5 sq unit R  14.5
Q11. a  925, c  433, and   42o17/ Q3. 117,44,125
Solution: we have a  925, c  433, and   42o17/ Solution: Let a  117, b  44 and c  125
abc
  12 ac sin  s
2
 1
2  925 433 sin  42o17 /  117  44  125
  200262.5  0.6728 s
2
  134736.0763 286
 134736.1 sq unit s  143
2
Q12. a  92, b  71, and   56o 44/ s  a  143  117  26
Solution: we have a  92, b  71, and   56o 44/ s  b  143  44  99
1 s  c  143  125  18
 ab sin 
2   s  s  a  s  b  s  c 
   92  71 sin  56o 44 / 
1
2   143  26  99 18 
  3266  0.8361
  2574 sq. unit
  2730.7896

  2730.7 sq unit r
s
Exercise 11.7 r
2574
143
In problem 1 – 4, compute radius of circle inscribed (r)
r  18
and circumscribed (R) of triangle whose sides are given
abc
Q1. 3,5,6 R
4
Solution: Let a  3, b  5 and c  6
a  b  c 3  5  6 14
117  44 125
R
s
2

2

2
7 4  2574 
s a  73  4 R  62.5
s b  75  2 Q4. 20,99,101
s c  76 1 Solution: Let a  20, b  99 and c  101
 s  s  a  s  b  s  c  abc
s
 7  4  2 1 2
20  99  101 220
  2 14  7.48 sq. unit s 
2 2
 s  110
r
s s  a  110  20  90
7.48
r s  b  110  99  11
7
r  1.069 1.1 s  c  110  101  9

R
abc   s  s  a  s  b  s  c 
4
 3 5  6    110  90 11 9 
R
4  7.48    990 sq. unit
R3

Khalid Mehmood Lecturer GDC Bilot Sharif D.I.Khan available at http://www.mathcity.org

 Exercise 11.7
Chapter 11 157
 248.04
r r1 
s 17.5
990 r1  14.174dm
r
110
Q7. Show that rr1r2 r3   = Area of triangle ABC
r 9
abc Solution: we have to prove rr1r2 r3  
R
4    
r  , r1  , r2  , r3 
 20  99 101 s sa s b s c
R
4  990  And   s  s  a  s  b  s  c 
R  50.5 Taking LHS rr1r2 r3
Q5. Find area of the inscribed circle of the triangle
   
with measure of the sides 55m, 25m and 70m. 
s s a s b s c
Solution: Let a  55m, b  25m and c  70m
4
abc 
s s  s  a  s  b  s  c 
2
55  25  70 4

s s  s  a  s  b  s  c 
2
150  2

s 
2 
s  75    RHS
Hence proved
s  a  75  55  20
abc
s  b  75  25  50 Q8 Show that  sin   sin   sin     =Area of ABC
4s
s  c  75  70  5
Sol: To show that abc  sin   sin   sin    
  s  s  a  s  b  s  c  4s
  75  20  50  5 
1 1 1
  bc sin  ,   ac sin  ,   ab sin 
2 2 2
  612.37 sq. unit 2 2 2
  sin   ,sin   ,sin  
r bc ac ab
s
612.37 Taking LHS abc  sin   sin   sin  
r 4s
75
abc  2 2 2 
r  8.165     
4 s  bc ac ab 
Area of incribed circle   r 2
2abc  1 1 1 
Area of incribed circle  3.142  8.165     
2

4s  bc ac ab 
Area of incribed circle  209.44m2
abc  a  b  c 
Q6. Measures of sides of a triangle are 20,25 and   
2s  abc 
30 decimeter. Find radius of the escribed circles.
abc  a  b  c 
Solution: Let a  20dm, b  25dm and c  30dm   
sabc  2 
a  b  c 20  25  30
s  
2 2  s
s
75    RHS
s  37.5
2 Hence Proved
s  a  37.5  20  17.5 Q9. Prove that for any triangle ABC
s  b  37.5  25  12.5 r1  r2  r3  r  4 R
s  c  37.5  30  7.5 Solution: we have to prove r1  r2  r3  r  4 R
  s  s  a  s  b  s  c     
r  , r1  , r2  , r3 
  37.5 17.5 12.5  7.5  s sa s b s c
abc
  248.04 dm 2 R , 2s  a  b  c
4
a). Opposite to larger side Taking LHS r1  r2  r3  r
Solution: Larger side c = 30dm    
   
 s a s b s c s
r3 
sc  1 1   1 1
       
248.04  s a s b   sc s 
r3   s b s a   ssc
7.5        
r3  33.072dm  s  a  s  b   s s  c 
 2s  a  b   c 
b). opposite to smaller side        
Solution: Smaller side a = 20 dm   s  a  s  b    s  s  c 
  abcab  c 
r1         
sa   s  a  s  b    s  s  c  

Khalid Mehmood Lecturer GDC Bilot Sharif D.I.Khan available at http://www.mathcity.org

 Exercise 11.7
Chapter 11 158
 c   c  Solution: The ratios of the sides are 3:7:8
       
  s  a  s  b    s s  c  Let the sides are 3x,7x and 8x
 
abc
1 1 s
 c   
  s  a  s  b  s  s  c  
2
3x  7 x  8 x
 s  s  c    s  a  s  b   s
 c   2
 2  18 x
s
  s  sc  s  sb  sa  ab 
c 2 2
2

s  9x

c

2 s 2  s  a  b  c   ab  Now
s  a  9 x  3x  6 x

c

2 s 2  2 s 2  ab  s  b  9x  7 x  2x
abc s  c  9 x  8x  x

    s  s  a  s  b  s  c 
abc
4
4   9 x  6 x  2 x  x 
 4 R  RHS   6x2 3
Hence Proved Given that
Q10. For a triangle ABC show that r1r2  r2 r3  r3r1  s 2 r  2m
Solution: we have to prove r1r2  r2 r3  r3r1  s 2 
 2m
    S
r  , r1  , r2  , r3    2S
s sa s b s c
Taking LHS r1r2  r2 r3  r3 r1 6x2 3  2 9x 

      6 x 2 3  18 x
 .  . 
s a s b s b s c s c s a x 33
 1 1 1  3
  2     x  3
  s  a  s  b   s  b  s  c   s  c  s  a   3

 s c s a  s b 
The required sides are
  2   a  3x
  s  a  s  b  s  c  
a  3 3m
s  2  3s   a  b  c  
   b  7x
s   s  a  s  b  s  c  
  b  7 3m
3s  2 s 2  s 
 s 2    s  2  c  8x
 s  s  a  s  b  s  c    
s 2 c  8 3m
Q11. For the e—radii r1 , r2 and r3 of the triangle Q13. Show that r1 .r2 .r3  rS
1 1 1 1 Solution: we have to prove r1 .r2 .r3  rS
ABC Show that   
r1 r2 r3 r    
r  , r1  , r2  , r3 
1 1 1 1 s sa s b s c
Solution: we have to prove    Taking LHS r1 .r2 .r3
r1 r2 r3 r
  
     . .
r  , r1  , r2  , r3  s a s b s c
s sa s b s c
1 s 1 s a 1 s b 1 s c 3
 ,  ,  ,  
r  r1  r2  r3   s  a  s  b  s  c 
1 1 1 s 3
Taking LHS   
r1 r2 r3 s  s  a  s  b  s  c 
s a s b s c S 3
   
   2
s a  s b s c  S

 
3s  a  b  c  S2
 S

 rS 2  RHS
3s   a  b  c 
 Hence proved

3s  2 s


s 1
   RHS
 r
Hence Proved
Q12. The sides of the triangle are in the ratio 3:7:8.
The radius of the inscribed circle is 2m. Find the
sides of the triangles.

Khalid Mehmood Lecturer GDC Bilot Sharif D.I.Khan available at http://www.mathcity.org