PERSONS AND FAMILY RELATIONS

Atty. Norman Clarence Lasam

First Semester, AY 2018-2019
Cagayan State University
College of Law

COURSE OUTLINE

PART ONE

I. Introduction to Civil Law

A. Preliminary Provisions
Articles 1-18, New Civil Code (NCC)
Executive Order 200 (1987); Articles 44,213 Family Code; Articles 804, 818 Civil
Code; Revised Administrative Code of 1987, Section 31; Executive Order 292,
Book I, Sec. 31; Magna Carta of Women, Sec. 19

Cases:

Tanada v. Tuvera, G.R. No. 63915, 1985

Buyco v. PNB, G.R. No. L-14406, 1961
RB Michael Press v. Galit, G.R. No. 153510, 2008
Spouses Puerto v. CA, G.R. No. 138210, 2002
Dacasin v. Dacasin, G.R. No. 168785, 2010
Ancheta v. Guersey-Dalaygon, G.R. No. 139868, 2006

II. Legal Framework

1987 Constitution Sections 12 and 14, Article II; Section 1, Article III; Article XV

III. Civil Personality

A. Concept and Classes of Persons

Articles 37, 40-47, NCC

Rule 131, Section 3 (ii), Rules of Court
PD 603, Article 5

Cases:

Geluz v. CA, 2 SCRA 801, 1961

People v. Tirol, 102 SCRA 558, 1981
Joaquin v. Navarro, 93 Phil 257, 1953
B. Capacity to Act and Restrictions Thereon
1. Presumption of Capacity
Standard Oil Co. v. Arenas, 19 Phil 363, 1911

2. Restrictions
Arts. 6, 38-39, NCC

a. Minority
RA 6809

i. Effect on Contracts
Arts. 1327, 1390 (1), 1403 (3), 1397, 1399, 1426-27, 1489, NCC

Cases:

Mercado v. Espiritu, 37 Phil 215, 1917

Bambalan v. Maramba, 51 Phil 417
Braganza v. Willa Abrille, 105 Phil 456, 1959

ii. Effect on Marriage

Art. 5 and 35, FC

iii. Effect on Crimes

RA 9344, Sections 6,7,20,57,58,59

b. Insanity

i. Effect on Contracts
Arts. 1327, 1328, 1399, NCC

ii. Effect on Marriage

Arts. 45(2) and 47(2), FC

iii. Effect on Crimes

Art. 12(1), RPC

c. State of being deaf-mute

Arts. 1327, 807, 820, NCC

d. Prodigality
Rule 92, Section 2, Rules of Court

Martinez v. Martinez, 1902

 e. Civil Interdiction
Art. 34, RPC
Art 135(1), Art 142(3), FC

f. Family Relations
Art. 11(2), 13(5), Revised Penal Code
Art. 1109 and 1490, NCC
Arts 37, 87, 215, FC

g. Absence
Art. 390-391, NCC
Art. 41-42, FC

IV. Definition and Nature of Marriage

Art. 1, FC
Section 1-4, Art. XV, 1987 Constitution

A. Requisites of Marriage
Arts. 2-3, FC
Arts 16-18, Code of Muslim Personal Laws
Sec. 22, Art II; Sec 17, Art XIV, 1987 Constitution
Sec 2(c), 29, 32, RA 8371 (The Indigenous Peoples Rights Act of 1997)

1. Essential Requisites

a. Legal Capacity

i. Male and Female

Rule 103 and 108, Rules of Court compare with Sections 2-7 of RA
9048

Cases:

Jones v. Hallahan, 501 SW 2d 588, 1973

Obergefell v. Hodges, 576 US, 2015
Silverio v. Republic, 537 SCRA 373, 2007
Republic v. Cagandahan, 568 SCRA 72, 2008
Littleton v. Prange, 9 SW 3d 223, 1999
In re: Estate of Thomas Araguz III, No. 13-11-00-490-CV, 2014

ii. Minimum Age of Marriage

Eigenmann v. Guerra, 5 CA Rep. 836, 1964

b. Consent Freely Given

 i. Arts. 4, 45(3), FC
People v. Santiago 51 Phil 28, 1927

ii. Breach of Promise to Marry – Arts. 19-21, 2176, NCC

Cases:
Wassmer v. Velez, 12 SCRA 648, 1964
Tanjanco v. CA, 18 SCRA 994, 1966
De Jesus v. Syquia, 58 Phil 866, 1933

2. Formal Requisites
Art. 26, FC
Art. 17, NCC

a. Authority of Solemnizing Officer

Arts. 4, 7, 10, 31, 32, 35(2), FC
Art 3, NCC

Cases:

Navarro v. Domagtoy, 259 SCRA 129, 1996

Aranes v. Occiano, 380 SCRA 402, 2002

b. Marriage License
Arts. 9-34, FC
PD 965 (1976)
Sec 15, Sec 23(d), RA 10354

Cases:

Salgado v. Anson, G.R. No. 204494, 2016

Vitangcol v. People, G.R. No. 207406, 2016
Republic v. CA, 236 SCRA 257, 1994
Sevilla v. Cardenas, 497 SCRA 428, 2006
Alcantara v. Alcantara, 531 SCRA 446, 2007
Seguisabal v. Cabrera, 106 SCRA 670, 1981
Moreno v. Bernabe, 246 SCRA 120, 1995
De Castro v. Assidao-de Castro, G.R. No. 160172, 2008
Borja-Manzano v. Sanchez, 354 SCRA 1, 2001

c. Ceremony
Arts 3, 6, 28, 29, 22-24, FC

Cases:
 Navarro v. Dumagtoy, supra
Madridejo v. De Leon, 55 Phil 1, 1930
Martinez v. Tan, 12 Phil 731, 1909

B. Muslim Filipinos and Indigenous Cultural Communities

Sec. 13, Code of Muslim Personal Laws
Sec. 32, RA 8371

C. Presumption of Marriage
Art. 220, NCC
Sec. 3 (aa), Rule 131, Rules of Court

Cases:

People v. Borromeo, 133 SCRA 106, 1984

Trinidad v. CA, 289 SCRA 188, 1998
Vda. De Jacob v. CA, 312 SCRA 772, 1999
Sevilla v. Cardenas, supra
Abbas v. Abbas, G.R. No. 183896, 2013

V. Void and Voidable Marriages

A. Void Marriages
1. Grounds
a. Grounds under the Family Code
Art. 4, 35-41, 44, FC
Art. 390-391, NCC

Antone v. Beronilla, G.R. No. 183824, 2010

b. Incestuous Marriages and Marriages Violating Public Policy

Art. 37-38 FC

Matter of Bautista: In Visa Petition Proceedings (Sept. 12,

1978)

c. Article 36

Cases:

Republic v. Romero, G.R. No. 209180 & 209253, 2016

Republic v. Dagdag, G.R. No. 109975, 2001
Santos v. Bedia-Santos, 310 Phil 20, 1995
Republic v. CA and Molina, 268 SCRA 198, 1997
 Marcos v. Marcos, G.R. No. 136490, 2000
Antonio v. Reyes, 484 SCRA 353, 2006
Republic v. Melgar, G.R. No. 139676, 2006
Dimayuga-Laurena v. CA, 566 SCRA 154, 2008
Te v. Te, 579 SCRA 193, 2009
Ting v. Velez-Ting, 582 SCRA 694, 2009
Tsoi v. CA 266 SCRA 324, 1997
Choa v. Choa, 392 SCRA 641, 2002

2. Period to file action or raise defense

Art 39, FC
RA 8533

Cases:

Ninal v. Baldayog, G.R. No. 133778, 2000

Ablaza v. Republic of the Philippines, 628 SCRA 596, 2010

3. Final Judgment Declaring Marriage Void

People v. Mendoza, 95 Phil 845, 1954

Tolentino v. Paras, 122 SCRA 525, 1983
Wiegel v. Sempio-Dy, 143 SCRA 499, 1986
Terre v. Terre, 211 SCRA 6, 1992
Atienza v. Brillantes, 243 SCRA 32, 1995
Apiag v. Cantero, 268 SCRA 47, 1997

4. Effects of Nullity

a. Properties

Domingo v. CA, 226 SCRA 572, 1993

Nicdao-Carino v. Yee-Carino, G.R. No. 132529, 2001

b. Status of Children
Art 54, 43, FC
B. Voidable Marriages

1. Grounds for Annulment

Arts. 45-48, FC
Art. 344, RPC
PD 612, Sec 11 (Insurance Code)

a. Lack of Parental Consent

 b. Insanity

Katipunan v. Tenorio, 38 OG 172, 1937

Suntay v. Cojuanco-Suntay, 300 SCRA 760, 1998

c. Consent obtained by fraud

Teves v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 180363, 2009

Buccat v. Buccat, G.R. No. 47101, 1941
Aquino v. Delizo, 109 Phil 21, 1960
Anaya v. Palaroan, 36 SCRA 97, 1970

d. Violence, intimidation, or undue influence

Ruiz v. Atienza, 40 OG 1903, 1941

e. Impotence

Sarao v. Guevara, 40 OG 15 Supp 263, 1940

Jimenez v. Republic, 109 Phil 273, 1960
Tsoi v. CA, supra

f. Having a sexually transmissible disease

2. Marriage When One Spouse is Absent

Art. 41-44, FC
Art. 349, RPC

Cases:
Jones v. Hortiguela, 64 Phil. 179 (1937)
SSS v. Jarque, G.R. No. 165545, March 26, 2006
Valdez v. Republic, G.R. No. 189863, 2009
Republic v. Granada, G.R. No. 187512, 2012
Republic v. Tampus, G.R. No. 214243, 2016

3. Effects of Pending Action/decree

Art. 49-54, FC
Art 369, 371, Civil Code
Sec. 4, Rules of Provisional Orders, A.M. No. 02-11-12-SC, March 15, 2003

Yu v. Yu, 484 SCRA 485 (2006)

4. Jurisdiction
Sec 5, RA 8369
 Tamano v. Ortiz, 291 SCRA 584 (1998)

VI. Legal Separation

A. Grounds
Art. 55, FC
Art. 97, Civil Code

Cases:

Munoz v. Del Barrio, 51 OG 5217 (1955)

Ong Eng Kiam v. Ong, 505 SCRA 76 (2006)
People v. Zapata and Bondoc, 88 Phil 688 (1951)
Gandionco v. Penaranda, 155 SCRA 725 (1987)
Dela Cruz v. Dela Cruz, 22 SCRA 333 (1968)
Lapuz v. Eufemio, 43 SCRA 177 (1972)

B. Defenses
Art. 56, FC

Cases:
Ocampo v. Florenciano, 107 Phil 35 (1960)
Bugayong v. Ginez, 100 Phil 616 (1956)
Matubis v. Praxedes, 109 Phil 789 (1960)
People v. Sensano and Ramos, 58 Phil 73 (1933)
Llave v. Republic, G.R. No. 169766, 2011
Brown v. Yambao, 102 Phil 168, 1957

C. Prescription
Art. 57-60

Contreras v. Macaraig, 33 SCRA 222 (1970)

D. When to Try Actions

SC Rules on Legal Separation, A.M. 02-11-11-SC, March 15, 2003
Consolidated and Revised Guideline to Implement the Expanded Coverage of
Court Annexed Coverage (CAM) and Judicial Dispute Resolution (JDR), A.M. 11-1-
6-SC-PHILJA, January 11, 2011

Somosa-Ramos v. Vamenta, Jr, 46 SCRA 110 (1972)

Ocampo v. Florenciano, supra

E. Effects of Filing Petition

Art. 61-62, FC
 Cases:
De La Vina v. Villareal, 41 Phil 13 (1920)
Reyes v. Ines-Luciano, 88 SCRA 803 (1979)
Gandoncio v. Penaranda, supra

F. Effects of Decree
Art 63-64, FC
Secs. 19-20, SC Rules on Legal Separation, A.M. No. 02-11-11-SC, March 15, 2003

Banez v. Banez, 374 SCRA 340 (2002)

1. Dissolution and Liquidation of ACP or CPG

Quiao v. Quiao, G.R. No. 176556, 2012

2. Support and Custody

Art 213, FC

Matute v. Macadaeg, 99 Phil 340 (1956)

3. Inheritance, Donations, and Designation in Insurance Policies

Sec. 22, SC Rules on Legal Separation

4. Wife’s Surname
Art 372, Civil Code

Laperal v. Republic, 6 SCRA 357 (1962)

G. Reconciliation
How Done – Art. 65, FC
Effects – Arts. 66-67, FC

VII. De Facto Separation

Arts. 100, 127, 211, 239, 242, 246, 247, FC

A. Effects on Personal Relations

Cases:

Arroyo v. Vasquez-Arroyo, G.R. No. L-17014 (1921)

Lacson v. San Jose, G.R. No. L-23482 (1968)
Estrada v. Escritor, 492 SCRA 1 (2006)
Banaag v. Espeleta, A.M. No. P-11-2011 (2011)
Santos, Sr. v. CA, G.R. No. 113504 (1995)
 Sy v. CA, G.R. No. 124518 (2007)
Perez v. CA, 255 SCRA 661 (1996)
Salientes v. Abanilla, G.R. No. 162734 (2006)

VIII. Divorce

A. Brief History of Divorce

B. Absolute Divorce distinguished from other Remedies
C. Foreign Divorces
Art 15, NCC
Art 26, FC

Cases:

Techavez v. Escano, 17 SCRA 674 (1966)

Van Dorn v. Romillo, Jr. 139 SCRA 139 (1985)
Pilapil v. Ibay-Somera, G.R. No. 80116 (1989)
Republic v. Obrecido, 472 SCRA 114 (2005)
Quita v. Dandan, 300 SCRA 406 (1998)
Llorente v. CA, 345 SCRA 592 (2000)
Garcia v. Recio, 366 SCRA 437 (2001)
Corpuz v. Sto Tomas, 628 SCRA 266 (2010)
Fujiki v. Marinay, G.R. No. 196049 (2013)
Medina v. Koike, G.R. No. 215723 (2016)

D. Muslim Divorces
Code of Muslim Personal Laws

Yasin v. Sharia District Court, 241 SCRA 606 (1995)

IX. Rights and Obligations Between Husband and Wife

RA 10354, Secs 2, 3, 4(g)(h)(i)(p)(q)(s)(v), 7, and 8

A. Cohabitation, mutual love and respect, mutual help and support

Art 247, RPC
Art 68-70, FC
Art 34, NCC
Sec 2, RA 8353
Sec. 2-6, 8, 21, 26, 28, 35, RA 9262
Sec 19, RA 9710
Arts 199-200, FC

Cases:
 Garcia v. Santiago, supra
Goitia v. Campos Rueda, 35 Phil 252 (1916)
People v. Jumawan, G.R. No. 187495 (2014)
Garcia v. Drilon and Jaype-Garcia, G.R. No. 179267 (2013)
Go-Tan v. Tan, G.R. No. 168852 (2008)
Pelayo v. Lauron, 12 Phil 453 (1909)

B. Management of Household
Art 71, FC compared with Art 115, NCC

C. Exercise of Profession
Art 73, FC compared with Art 117, NCC
RA 7192