Different teaching methods

Lecture method:
This method of teaching is the oldest teaching method applied in
educational institution. This teaching method is one way channel of
communication of information. Students’ involvement in this teaching
method is just to listen and sometimes pen down some notes if necessary
during the lecture, combine the information and organized it.
One of the problems in this method is to grab the attention of students in
class room. Another big problem is that many students in the class cannot
follow the theme. Learning has a strong influence on method of teaching.

Advantages of Lecture Method of Teaching

1. Teacher can cover large amount of topics in single class.
2. Labs and equipments are not used in this method.
3. Learning material is not required.
4. In this method student listening are developed.

Disadvantages of Lecture Method of Teaching

1. Psychologically this method is acceptable because individuals are
not alike. Teacher delivers the same lecture to both students without
recognizing the individual differences.
2. Learning is an active process thus study should encourage to
actively participate in the class room instead of just listening the
teacher.
3. Language using in the lecture is above the standard of the students.
They are not able get full advantage of the lecture.
4. Lecture are often forgotten by the students soon after while learning
is retained if activities are experienced.
5. Attention level is not the same while student listening the lecture.

Project method:
According to Kilpatric, “A project is a whole-hearted purposeful activity
proceeding in a social environment Kilpatric has classified the project
method in four types.
1. Constructive. When learners have to construct some things related
to social life. e.g. charts, models, maps, parcels etc.
 2. Artistic. These projects are generally allotted in the aesthetic fields
of life. e.g. in music, drawing, painting art and culture.
3. Problem-Solving. These projects are given to solve the problems
related to any life-situation or related to any subject e.g. how to
operate bank accounts? Or how to send an email or letter. These
general problems if solved, will make a child efficient for social-life.
4. Group-Work. A team of students is assigned a work to be
performed. e.g. to develop a garden in the school.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Project method of
Teaching
Advantages
1. It helps in developing social norms and social values among the
learners.
2. It provides invaluable opportunities for correlation of various
elements of the subject matter and for transfer of training or
learning.
3. It helps in growing knowledge very effectively as a results of their
close cooperation on social participation in the spirit of democracy.
Disadvantages
1. The project cannot be planned for all subjects and whole subject
matter cannot be taught by this strategy.
2. It is not economical from the point of view of time and cost.
3. It is very difficult for a teacher to plan or to execute the projects to
the learners and supervise them
Demonstration method:
In teaching through demonstration, students are set up to potentially
conceptualize class material more effectively as shown in a study which
specifically focuses on chemistry demonstrations presented by
teachers. Demonstrations often occur when students have a hard time
connecting theories to actual practice or when students are unable to
understand application of theories.
Teachers not only demonstrate specific learning concepts within the
classroom, they can also participate in demonstration classrooms to help
improve their own teaching strategies, which may or may not be
demonstrative in nature.
There are some advantages of this method
Students are not allowed to ask questions or start discussions during the
demonstration. Only technical and training skills can be taught this way.
Universities and colleges often lack the equipment necessary for making
the
‘demonstrative’ models.
This method requires a significant effort from the teacher. The method is
limited to particular teaching situations only.

Assignment Method:
Assignment method is a way of allocating organizational resources where a
resource is assigned to a particular task. The resource would be monetary,
personnel, technological or another type of resource. The assignment
method is used to determine what resources are assigned to which
department, machine, or center of operation in the production process. This
method is used to allocate the proper number of employees to a machine
or task, and the number of jobs that a given machine or factory can
produce. The idea is to assign resources in such a way that profits are
maximized.

The assignment method can integrate and coordinate the different learning
experiences of a learner from different approaches.

It provides good training for information seeking and retrieval behaviour.

It inculcates the self learning attitude among the students.

It provides information analysis and research attitude to the learners.

It develops the learning experiences from various sources.

Heuristic Method of Teaching:

It is based on the psychological principles of "trial and error" theory.
Logical and imaginative thinking are perquisites for his type of teaching
strategy. It is an economical and speedy strategy. A problem is placed
before the learners and they are asked to find the solution of the problem
through various literacy means, like library, laboratory, and workshops etc.
Teacher’s role is to initiate the learning and pupils are active throughout the
learning process. By using their creative thinking and imaginative power,
they try to find out the relevant solutions based on some logic. They learn
by self-experience.
Advantages
1. It helps in achieving cognitive, affective and psychomotor objectives
i.e. it helps in all round development of the child.
2. Students are put into the situation to learn by self-experience. It
certainly develops self-confidence and self-reliance in the learners.
3. It helps in developing scientific attitude and creativity in the learners.

Disadvantages of Heuristic Teaching Method

1. It cannot be used at primary level of education
2. Higher intelligence and divergent thinking is required in the learners.
But, there are some students who are below average and fail to
succeed in discovering the solutions of the problems. It frustrates
them.
INDUCTIVE METHO:

Induction means to offer a general truth by showing, that if it is true for a

particular case. It is true for all such cases. Inductive approach is
psychological in nature. Inductive method develops curiosity with in the
individual which is need of the day. Inductive approach is sponsored by
Pestalozzi and Francis Bacon. Inductive approach is based on the process
of induction in teaching learning process. In the world of mathematics it is a
method of constructing a formula with the help of a sufficient number of
concrete, actual and real examples. By using this method of teaching
mathematics the students follow the content with great interest and
understanding at various levels especially at elementary level. Inductive
method is more useful in algebra, geometry, trigonometry and arithmetic
teaching and learning. Inductive method proceeds from particular examples
to general rules of formulae, concrete illustration to abstract rules, known to
unknown and simple to complex.

DEDUCTIVE METHOD:

Deductive method of teaching is based on deduction. In deductive method

we proceed from general to particular and from abstract and concrete. In
this method of teaching the educator tells the rule, principal or law to the
students and then he sole that rule, principal or law with the help of specific
examples. First of all the rules are given and then students are asked to
apply these rules to solve more problems. This method is mainly used in
Algebra, Geometry, arithmetic and Trigonometry. In this approach, help is
taken from assumptions and guesses axioms of mathematics. This method
is used for teaching mathematics in secondary, higher secondary or higher
classes.

Deductive approach proceeds from

General (rules, laws, principals or formula) to specific (examples)

Unknown to know o Abstract law to concrete example

Complex to simple

Scientific method:

The scientific method provides the essential process of scientific discovery

for any grade or experience level. Once learned, the scientific method
becomes your constant companion for basic experiments and science fair
projects. It’s an indispensable tool for building science skills and reaching
sound scientific conclusions. The scientific method begins with a
question… “I wonder…?” and can end with amazement and awe.

Follow the steps of the scientific method in order. Taken together, they
provide a solid foundation for science exploration and discovery.

The Four Steps of the Scientific Method:

Step 1: Start with a question. What do you wonder about? What would you
like to know? You might do some background research to learn more. It
can help you define your question and decide what you want to discover.

Step 2: Form a hypothesis. Ask yourself: What do I think will happen when I
conduct an experiment to answer my question? Write down your prediction,
because what actually happens may surprise you!
 Step 3: Conduct an experiment, making observations and tracking results.
Set up a test experiment to see if your hypothesis is right or wrong. Make
observations during your experiment and keep track of them by writing
them down. Often is it necessary to repeat an experiment in the same way
to be sure of your results.

Step 4: Come to a conclusion. Decide whether your hypothesis was right or

wrong. What were the results of your experiment? Can you tell why it
happened that way? Explain and communicate your results.

These principles can be used to study the world around us. You can study
anything from plants and rocks to biology or chemical reactions using these
four steps. Even young students benefit from learning how to use the
scientific method.

Problem method:

Problems are assigned in advance, students use course material to solve

theproblem, and the solutions are discussed in class. This method is
particularly applicable to courses in research methods because research
design is a classic ill-defined task, and it serves as a vehicle
for teaching critical thinking.

A good way to become a systematic problem solver is to adopt the

following five-step problem-solving process.
1. Identify the problem. This is critical: you must try to solve the right problem.
2. Analyze the problem.
3. Identify decision criteria.
4. Develop multiple solutions.
5. Choose the optimal solution.
Choice of method:
According to me a good and effective cannot stick on a single teaching
method. Effective Teachers change their methodologies according to the
current situation. For me discussion method is good method for teaching
because it emphasis pupil activity in the form of discussion rather than
simply telling and lecturing by the teacher.in this method everybody
participate and the ideas and opinions of everybody are respected.Thus
there is way of thinking and arriving at decisions. Through this method
student learn to tolerate the views of others even if they are unpleasant and
contradictory to each others views. More effective learning is possible when
the students discuss, criticize and share ideas on a particular problem.
Active participation of students occurs in this method. But this method has
some limitations: All types of topics cannot be taught through this method.
The teacher may not be able to guide and provide true leadership in
discussion.