Technological University of the Philippines

Ayala Boulevard, Ermita, Manila

College of Engineering
Civil Engineering Department

CE 410
Soil Mechanics, Lecture

Assignment no.3
Phase- Relationships

Cuizon, Stephen A.
12-205-033

Date of Submission:
July, 23 2015

Engr. Jesus Ray M. Mansayon

Instructor
1. For a given soil, show that:
𝛾𝑠𝑎𝑡 = 𝛾𝑑 + 𝑛𝛾𝑤

Solution:

𝑊
𝛾𝑠𝑎𝑡 =
𝑉
𝑊𝑠 + 𝑊𝑤
𝛾𝑠𝑎𝑡 =
𝑉
𝑊𝑤
𝛾𝑠𝑎𝑡 = 𝛾𝑑 +
𝑉
𝛾𝑤𝑉𝑤
𝛾𝑠𝑎𝑡 = 𝛾𝑑 +
𝑉
𝛾𝑑(𝑉𝑣 − 𝑉𝑎)
𝛾𝑠𝑎𝑡 = 𝛾𝑑 +
𝑉

Since the soil is saturated, Va = 0

𝛾𝑤𝑉𝑣
𝛾𝑠𝑎𝑡 = 𝛾𝑑 +
𝑉
𝛾𝑠𝑎𝑡 = 𝛾𝑑 + 𝛾𝑤𝑛

𝜸𝒔𝒂𝒕 = 𝜸𝒅 + 𝒏𝜸𝒘

2. For a given soil, show that:

𝑒
𝛾𝑠𝑎𝑡 = 𝛾𝑑 + ( )𝛾
1+𝑒 𝑤

Solution:
𝑊
𝛾𝑠𝑎𝑡 =
𝑉
𝑊𝑠 + 𝑊𝑤
𝛾𝑠𝑎𝑡 =
𝑉
𝛾𝑤𝑉𝑤
𝛾𝑠𝑎𝑡 = 𝛾𝑑 +
𝑉𝑣 + 𝑉𝑠
𝛾𝑤𝑉𝑤
𝛾𝑠𝑎𝑡 = 𝛾𝑑 +
𝑒𝑉𝑠 + 𝑉𝑠
𝛾𝑤𝑉𝑤
𝛾𝑠𝑎𝑡 = 𝛾𝑑 +
𝑉𝑠(1 + 𝑒)
𝛾𝑤(𝑉𝑣 − 𝑉𝑎)
𝛾𝑠𝑎𝑡 = 𝛾𝑑 +
𝑉𝑠(1 + 𝑒)
 Since the soil is saturated, Va = 0
𝛾𝑤𝑉𝑣
𝛾𝑠𝑎𝑡 = 𝛾𝑑 +
𝑉𝑠(1 + 𝑒)

𝒆
𝜸𝒔𝒂𝒕 = 𝜸𝒅 + ( ) 𝜸𝒘
𝟏+𝒆

3. For a given soil, show that:

𝑤𝑆𝛾𝑤
𝛾𝑑 =
(1 + 𝑒)𝑤

Solution:
𝑤𝑤
𝛾𝑑 =
𝑉
𝑊𝑤 𝑊
Where, 𝑤 = 𝑊𝑠 → 𝑊𝑠 = 𝑤𝑤
𝑊𝑤
𝛾𝑑 = 𝑤 → 𝑊𝑤 = 𝛾𝑤 𝑉𝑤
𝑉

𝑉 = 𝑉𝑠 + 𝑉𝑣

𝛾𝑤 𝑉𝑤
𝛾𝑑 =
𝑤(𝑉𝑠 + 𝑉𝑣)

Where,
𝑉𝑤
𝑆= → 𝑉𝑤 = 𝑆𝑉𝑣
𝑉𝑣
𝛾𝑤 𝑆𝑉𝑣
𝛾𝑑 =
𝑤(𝑉𝑠 + 𝑉𝑣)

Where,
𝑉𝑣
𝑒= → 𝑉𝑣 = 𝑒𝑉𝑠
𝑉𝑠

𝛾𝑤 𝑆𝑒𝑉𝑠
𝛾𝑑 =
𝑤(𝑉𝑠 + 𝑒𝑉)
𝛾𝑤 𝑆𝑒𝑉𝑠
𝛾𝑑 =
𝑉𝑠(1 + 𝑒)𝑤

𝒆𝑺𝜸𝒘
𝜸𝒅 =
(𝟏 + 𝒆)𝒘
4. A 0.4-m³ moist soil sample has the following:
Moist Mass = 711.2 kg
Dry Mass = 623.9 kg
Specific Gravity of Soil Solids = 2.63 Estimate:

a. Moisture content
b. Moist density
c. Dry density
d. Void ratio
e. Porosity

Given:
Volume: 0.4 m3
Moist mass = 711.2 kg
Dry mass = 623.9 kg
Specific gravity of soil solids = 2.68

Required:
w=? ρ=?
ρdry = ? e=?
n=?

Illustration:

Soil
V = 0.4 m3

Solution:
a. Moisture Content
𝑀𝑤
𝑤=
𝑀𝑠
Where:
𝑀𝑤 = 𝑀 − 𝑀𝑠
𝑀 − 𝑀𝑠 711.2 − 623.9
𝑤= =
𝑀𝑠 623.9

𝒘 = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟑𝟗𝟗 𝒐𝒓 𝟏𝟑. 𝟗𝟗%

b. Moist density
 M 711.2
ρ= =
V 0.4

𝛒 = 𝟏𝟕𝟕𝟖 𝐤𝐠/𝐦𝟑

c. Dry density
Ms 623.9
ρdry = =
V 0.4

𝛒𝐝𝐫𝐲 = 𝟏𝟓𝟓𝟗. 𝟕𝟓 𝐤𝐠/𝐦𝟑

d. Void ratio
𝑉𝑣 𝑉 − 𝑉𝑠
𝑒= =
𝑉𝑠 𝑉𝑠
𝑊𝑠
𝑉− 𝛾
𝑠
𝑒=
𝑊𝑠
𝛾𝑠

𝑊
𝑉 − 𝐺 𝛾𝑠
𝑠 𝑤
𝑒=
𝑊𝑠
𝐺𝑠 𝛾𝑤

623.9(9.81)
0.4 −
2.68(9810)
𝑒=
623.9(9.81)
2.68(9810)

𝒆 = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟏𝟖𝟐 𝒐𝒓 𝟕𝟏. 𝟖𝟐%

e. Porosity
𝑉𝑣 𝑉𝑣 𝑉𝑠
𝑛= = +
𝑉 𝑉𝑣 + 𝑉𝑠 𝑉𝑠
𝑒
𝑛=
1+𝑒
0.7182
𝑛=
1 + 0.7182

𝒏 = 𝟎. 𝟒𝟏𝟖𝟎 𝒐𝒓 𝟒𝟏. 𝟖𝟎%

5. In its natural state, a moist soil has a volume of 0.33 ft 3 and weighs 39.93 lb. The
oven dry weight of the soil is 34.54 lb. If Gs= 2.67, calculate the moisture content,
moist unit weight, dry unit weight, void ratio, porosity, and degree of saturation.

Given:
Volume = 0.33 ft3
Weight of Soil = 39.93 lb
Weight of Soilid = 34.54 lb
Sp. Gravity of Solid = 2.67

Required:
w=? γ=?
e=? n=?
S=?

Illustration:

Soil
V = 0.33 ft3

Solution:
Moisture Content
𝑊𝑤 𝑊 − 𝑊𝑠
𝑊= = 𝑊 = 𝑊𝑤 + 𝑊𝑠
𝑊𝑠 𝑊𝑠
39.93 − 34.54
𝑤=
34.54

𝒘 = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟓𝟔𝟏 𝒐𝒓 𝟏𝟓. 𝟔𝟏 %

Moist Unit – Weight

𝑊
𝛾=
𝑉
39.93
𝛾=
0.33

𝒍𝒃
𝜸 = 𝟏𝟐𝟏
𝒇𝒕𝟑
 Dry Unit – Weight
34.54
𝛾𝑑 =
0.33

𝜸𝒅 = 𝟏𝟎𝟒. 𝟔𝟕 𝒍𝒃/𝒇𝒕𝟑

Void Ratio

𝑉𝑣 𝑉 − 𝑉𝑠
𝑒= =
𝑉𝑠 𝑉𝑠
𝑊𝑠
(𝑉 − 𝑉𝑠 )
𝑒=
𝑊𝑠
𝛾𝑠
34.54
2.67(62.4)
𝑒 = 0.33 −
34.54
2.67(62.4)

𝑒 = 0.5918

6. The moist weight of 0.2 ft3 of a soil is 23 lb. The moisture content and the specific
gravity of the soil solids are determined in the laboratory to be 11% and 2.7,
respectively. Calculate the following:

a) Moist unit weight (lb/ft3)

b) Dry unit weight (lb/ft3)
c) Void ratio
d) Porosity
e) Degree of saturation (%)
f) Volume occupied by water (ft3)

Given:
W = 23 lb
V = 0.2 ft3
GS = 2.67
w = 11%
Required:
𝛾=? 𝛾𝑑 = ?
e=? n=?
S=? 𝑉𝑤 = ?

Illustration:

Soil
V = 0.2 ft3

Solution:
Moist unit weight:
𝑊 23 𝑙𝑏 𝒍𝒃
𝛾= = 𝜸 = 𝟏𝟏𝟓 𝒇𝒕𝟑
𝑉 0.2 𝑓𝑡 3

Dry unit weight:

𝑊𝑠
𝛾𝑑 = 𝑉
𝑊 − 𝑊𝑣
𝛾𝑑 = 𝑉
𝑊 − 𝑤𝑊𝑠
𝛾𝑑 = 𝑉
𝛾𝑑 = 𝛾 − 𝑤𝛾𝑑
𝛾𝑑 + 𝑤𝛾𝑑 = 𝛾
𝛾𝑑 (1 + 𝑤 ) = 𝛾
𝑙𝑏
𝛾 115 𝒍𝒃
𝑓𝑡3
𝛾𝑑 = = 𝜸𝒅 = 𝟏𝟎𝟑. 𝟔𝟎𝟑
1+𝑤 1+0.11 𝒇𝒕𝟑

Void ratio:
𝑙𝑏
𝐺𝑠 𝛾𝑤 (2.7) 62.4 3 )
𝑓𝑡
𝑒= ( − 1) = ( 𝑙𝑏 − 1) 𝒆 = 𝟎. 𝟔𝟐𝟔𝟐
𝛾𝑑 103.603 3
𝑓𝑡

Porosity:
𝑒 0.6262
𝑛= = 𝒏 = 𝟎. 𝟑𝟗𝟓𝟏
𝑒+1 0.6262+1
 Degree of saturation:
𝑤𝐺𝑠 0.11(2.7)
𝑆= = 𝑺 = 𝟎. 𝟒𝟕𝟒𝟑
𝑒 0.6262

Volume occupied by the water:

𝑉𝑤
𝑆= 𝑉
𝑉𝑤
0.4743 = 𝑽𝒘 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟗 𝒇𝒕𝟑
0.2

7. The saturated unit weight of a soil is 19.8 kN/m3. The moisture content of the soil
is 17.1%. Determine the following:

a) Dry unit weight

b) Specific gravity of soil solids
c) Void ratio

Given:
𝛾𝑠𝑎𝑡 = 19.8 kN / m3
w = 17.1%

Required:
𝛾𝑑 = ? 𝐺𝑠 = ?
e=?

Illustration:

Soil
𝛾𝑠𝑎𝑡 = 19.8 kN / m3

Solution:
Dry unit weight:
𝛾𝑠𝑎𝑡 19.8 𝑘𝑁/𝑚3 𝒌𝑵
𝛾𝑑 = = 𝜸𝒅 = 𝟏𝟔. 𝟗𝟎𝟗
1+𝑤 1+0.171 𝒎𝟑
 Specific gravity of soil solids:
𝑒
𝛾𝑠𝑎𝑡 = 𝛾𝑑 + (1+𝑒) (𝛾𝑤 )
𝑒
19.8 = 16.908 + (𝑒+1) (9.81) 𝒆 = 𝟎. 𝟒𝟏𝟕𝟗

Void ratio:
𝑆𝑒 = 𝑤 𝐺𝑠
1(0.418) = 0.171(𝐺𝑠 ) 𝑮𝒔 = 𝟐. 𝟒𝟒𝟑𝟗

8. The unit weight of a soil is 95 lb/ft3. The moisture content of this soil is 19.2%. when
the degree of saturation is 60%. Determine:
a. Void ratio
b. Specific gravity of soil solids
c. Saturated unit weight

Given:
lb
γ = 95
ft 3
w = 19.2 %
S = 60 %

Required:
e=? 𝐺𝑠 = ?
𝛾𝑠𝑎𝑡 = ?

Illustration:

Soil
γ = 95 lb / ft3
 Solution:
Void ratio:
𝛾 95
𝛾𝑑 = =
1+𝑤 1+0.192
𝑙𝑏
𝛾𝑑 = 79.698 𝑓𝑡 3
𝑆𝑒
𝛾𝑑 = 𝛾
(1+𝑒)𝑤 𝑤
0.6 (𝑒)
79.698 = (62.4) 𝒆 = 𝟎. 𝟔𝟗𝟏𝟐
1+𝑒(0.192)

Specific gravity of soil solids:

𝑆 𝑒 = 𝑤 𝐺𝑠
0.60 (0.6912) = 0.192 (𝐺𝑠 ) 𝑮𝒔 = 𝟐. 𝟏𝟔

Saturated unit weight:

𝐺𝑠 + 𝑒 2.16+0.6912 𝒍𝒃
𝛾𝑠𝑎𝑡 = (𝛾𝑤 ) = (62.4) 𝜸𝒔𝒂𝒕 = 𝟏𝟎𝟓. 𝟐𝟎
1+𝑒 (1+0.6912) 𝒇𝒕𝟑

9. For a given soil, the following are given: Gs = 2.67; moist unit weight, γ = 112 lb/ft3;
and moisture content, w = 10.8%. Determine:
a. Dry unit weight
b. Void ratio
c. Porosity
d. Degree of saturation

Given:
Gs = 2.67
lb
γ = 112 ft3

w = 10.8 %

Required:
𝛾𝑑 = ? e=?
n=? S=?
 Illustration:

Soil
γ = 112 lb / ft3

Solution:
Dry unit weight:
𝛾 112 𝒍𝒃
𝛾𝑑 = = 𝜸𝒅 = 𝟏𝟎𝟏. 𝟎𝟖𝟑
1+𝑤 1+0.108 𝒇𝒕𝟑

Void ratio:
𝐺𝑠
𝛾𝑑 = 𝛾
(1+𝑒) 𝑤
2.67
101.083 = (62.4) 𝒆 = 𝟎. 𝟔𝟒𝟖𝟐
1+𝑒

Porosity:
𝑒 0.6482
𝑛= = 1+0.6482 𝒏 = 𝟎. 𝟑𝟗𝟑𝟑
1+𝑒

Degree of saturation:
𝑆 𝑒 = 𝑤 𝐺𝑠
𝑆(0.6482) = 0.108(2.67) 𝑺 = 𝟎. 𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟗

10. Refer to Problem 9. Determine the weight of water, in pounds, to be added per cubic
foot of soil for:
a. 80% degree of saturation
b. 100% degree of saturation

Given:
S1 = 100 %,
S2 = 80 %,
γ = 112 lb/ft3
w = 10.8%
 Required:
𝑊𝑤 = ? 𝑖𝑓 𝑆 = 80%
𝑊𝑤 = ? 𝑖𝑓 𝑆 = 100%

Illustration:

Soil S = 0.8 Soil S = 1.0

γ = 112 lb / ft3 γ = 112 lb / ft3

Solution:
𝑆 𝑒 = 𝛾𝑠
From problem 9: s = 0.4449
𝑊𝑤 = 0.4449 (0.6482)(62.4)
𝑊𝑤 = 17.9952 𝑙𝑏

𝑊𝑤 with 80% degree of saturation:

𝑠 = 80%
𝑊𝑤 = 0.80(0.6482)(62.4)
𝑊𝑤 = 32.358 𝑙𝑏
𝑊𝑤 𝑡𝑜 𝑏𝑒 𝑎𝑑𝑑𝑒𝑑 = 32.358 − 17.9952 𝑾𝒘 𝒕𝒐 𝒃𝒆 𝒂𝒅𝒅𝒆𝒅 = 𝟏𝟒. 𝟑𝟔𝟐𝟖 𝒍𝒃

𝑊𝑤 with 100% degree of saturation:

𝑠 = 100%
𝑊𝑤 = 1(0.6482)(62.4)
𝑊𝑤 = 40.4477 𝑙𝑏
𝑊𝑤 𝑡𝑜 𝑏𝑒 𝑎𝑑𝑑𝑒𝑑 = 40.44768 − 17.9952 𝑾𝒘 𝒕𝒐 𝒃𝒆 𝒂𝒅𝒅𝒆𝒅 = 𝟐𝟐. 𝟒𝟓𝟐𝟒 𝒍𝒃

11. The moist density of a soil is 1680 kg/m3. Given w = 18% and Gs = 2.73, determine:
a. Dry density
b. Porosity
c. Degree of saturation
d. Mass of water, in kg/m3, to be added to reach full saturation
Given:
𝜌 = 1680 𝑘𝑔/m3
𝑤 = 18 %
𝐺s = 2.73

Required:
Dry density, porosity, degree of saturation, mass of water in full saturation

Illustration:

Soil
ρ = 1680 kg / m3

Solution:
Dry density:
𝜌 1680 𝐤𝐠
𝜌𝑑 = = 𝛒𝐝 = 𝟏𝟒𝟐𝟑. 𝟕𝟐𝟖𝟖 𝐦𝟑
1+𝑤 1+0.18

Porosity
𝑠 𝐺
𝜌𝑑 = (1+𝑒) 𝜌𝑤
2.73
1423.7288 = (1000)
1+𝑒

𝑒 = 0.9175
𝑒 0.9175
𝑛 = 1+𝑒 = 𝒏 = 𝟎. 𝟒𝟕𝟖𝟓
1+0.9175

Degree of saturation:
𝑆 𝑒 𝛾𝑤 = 𝑊𝑤
𝑆(0.9175) = 0.18(2.73) 𝑺 = 𝟎. 𝟓𝟑𝟓𝟔

Mass of water in full saturation

 For mass of water, in kg/m3, to be added to reach full saturation:
𝑆 = 0.5356
𝑊𝑤 = 0.5356(0.9175)(1000) 𝑾𝒘 = 𝟒𝟗𝟏. 𝟒𝟏𝟑 𝒌𝒈/𝒎𝟑
12. The dry density of a soil is 1780 kg/m3. Given Gs = 2.68, what would be the
moisture content of the soil when saturated?
Given:
𝜌𝑑 = 1780 kg/m3
Gs=2.68

Required:
Moisture content (w)

Illustration:

Soil
ρd = 1780 kg / m3

Solution:
𝐺𝑠
𝜌𝑑 = 𝜌
(1+𝑒) 𝑤

2.68
1780 = (1000)
1+𝑒

𝑒 = 0.5056
𝑆 𝑒 = 𝑤𝐺𝑠
1(0.5056) = 𝑤 (2.68) 𝒘 = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟖𝟖𝟕 𝒐𝒓 𝟏𝟖. 𝟖𝟕%

13. The porosity of a soil is 0.35. Given Gs = 2.69, calculate:

a. Saturated unit weight (kN/m3)
b. Moisture content when moist unit weight = 17.5 kN/m3
Given:
n = 0.35
Gs = 2.69
𝛾 = 17.5 kN/m3
 Required:
𝛾𝑠𝑎𝑡 , w

Illustration:

Soil
γ = 17.5 kN / m3

Solution:
Saturated unit weight:
𝐺𝑠 + 𝑒
𝛾𝑠𝑎𝑡 = (𝛾𝑤 )
1+𝑒
𝑛
𝑒= 𝑛−1
𝑛 0.35
𝐺𝑠 + 2.69+
𝑛−1 0.35−1
𝛾𝑠𝑎𝑡 = 𝑛 (𝛾𝑤 ) = 0.35 (9.81) 𝜸𝒔𝒂𝒕 = 𝟐𝟎. 𝟓𝟗 𝒌𝑵/𝒎𝟑
1+ 1+
𝑛−1 0.35−1

Moisture content:
𝛾 = 17.5 𝑘𝑛/𝑚3
𝐺𝑠 + (1+𝑤)
𝛾𝑠𝑎𝑡 = (𝛾𝑤 )
1+𝑒
𝑛
𝑒= 𝑛−1
2.69+(1+𝑤)
17.5 = 0.35 (9.81) 𝒘 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐𝟎𝟐 𝒐𝒓 𝟐. 𝟎𝟐 %
1+
0.35−1

14. A saturated soil has w = 23% and Gs = 2.62. Determine its saturated and dry
densities in kg/m3

Given:
𝜔 = 23%
𝐺𝑠 = 2.62

Required:
𝜌𝑠𝑎𝑡 = ?
𝜌𝑑 = ?
 Illustration:

Soil
w = 23%

Solutions:

𝐺𝑠 + 𝑒 𝜔𝐺𝑠
a. 𝜌𝑠𝑎𝑡 = 𝑥 𝜌𝑤 ∶ 𝑒 = 𝑆 = 1 (𝑠𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑒)
1+𝑒 𝑆

𝐺𝑠 + 𝜔𝐺𝑠
𝜌𝑠𝑎𝑡 = 𝑥 𝜌𝑤
1 + 𝜔𝐺𝑠

2.62 + 0.23 𝑥 2.62

𝜌𝑠𝑎𝑡 = 𝑥 1000 𝑘𝑔/𝑚3
1 + 0.23 𝑥 2.62

𝒌𝒈
𝝆𝒔𝒂𝒕 = 𝟐𝟎𝟏𝟎. 𝟖𝟓𝟕𝟒
𝒎𝟑

𝐺𝑠 + 𝑒 𝜔𝐺𝑠
b. 𝜌𝑑 = 𝑥 𝜌𝑤 ∶ 𝑒 = 𝑆 = 1 ( 𝑠𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑒 )
1+𝑒 𝑆

𝐺𝑠
𝜌𝑑 = 𝑥 𝜌𝑤
1 + 𝜔𝐺𝑠
2.62
𝜌𝑑 = 𝑥 1000 𝑘𝑔/𝑚3
1 + (0.23 𝑥 2.62)

𝝆𝒅 = 𝟏𝟔𝟑𝟒. 𝟖𝟒𝟑𝟒 𝒌𝒈/𝒎𝟑

15. A soil has w = 18.2%, Gs = 2.71. Determine:

a. Moist unit weight (pcf)\
b. Dry unit weight (lb/ft3)
c. Degree of saturation (%)

Given:
w = 21.5 % 𝐺s = 2.71
𝑒 = 0.75
 Required:
𝛾, 𝛾𝑑 , S

Illustration:

Soil
w = 21.5 %

Solution:
Moist unit weight (pcf):
𝐺𝑠 (1+𝑤)
𝛾= 𝑤 𝛾
1+𝑒
2.71(1+0.215)
𝛾= (62.4) = 117.4065 𝑙𝑏/𝑓𝑡 3 𝜸 = 𝟏𝟏𝟕. 𝟒𝟏 𝒍𝒃/𝒇𝒕𝟑
1+0.75

Dry unit weight (pcf):

𝐺 2.71
𝑠
𝛾𝑑 = 1+𝑒 𝛾𝑤 = (62.4) 𝜸𝒅 = 𝟗𝟔. 𝟔𝟑 𝒍𝒃/𝒇𝒕𝟑
1+0.75

Degree of saturation (%):

𝑆 𝑒 = 𝑤 𝐺𝑠
𝑤 𝐺𝑠 0.215(2.71)
𝑆= = 𝑺 = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟕𝟔𝟗 𝒐𝒓 𝟕𝟕. 𝟔𝟗 %
𝑒 0.75

16. The soil has w = 18.2%, Gs = 2.67, S = 80%. Determine the moist and dry unit
weights of the soil in pcf.
Given:
w =18.2 %
𝐺s = 2.67
S = 80%
Required:
𝛾, 𝛾𝑑
 Illustration:

Soil
w = 18.2 %

Solution:
Moist weight:
𝑆 𝑒 = 𝑤 𝐺𝑠
0.8 𝑒 = (0.182)(2.67)
𝑒 = 0.6074
𝐺𝑠 (1+𝑤) 2.67 (1+0.182)
𝛾= 𝛾𝑤 = (62.4) 𝜸 = 𝟏𝟐𝟐. 𝟓𝟏 𝒍𝒃/𝒇𝒕𝟑
1+𝑒 1+0.6074

Dry unit weight:

𝐺𝑠 2.67
𝛾𝑑 = 𝛾 = (62.4) 𝜸𝒅 = 𝟏𝟎𝟑. 𝟔𝟓 𝒍𝒃/𝒇𝒕𝟑
1+𝑒 𝑤 1+0.6074

17. The moist unit weight of a soil is 112.32 lb/ft3 at a moisture content of 10%. Given
Gs = 2.7, determine:
a. e
b. saturated unit weight

Given:
w = 10 %
𝐺s = 2.7
𝛾 = 112.32 lb/m3
Required:
e, 𝛾𝑠𝑎𝑡

Illustration:

Soil
w = 10 %
 Solution:
For e:
𝐺𝑠 (1+𝑤)
𝛾= 𝛾𝑤
1+𝑒
2.7 (1+0.10)
112.32 = (62.4) 𝒆 = 𝟎. 𝟔𝟓 𝒐𝒓 𝟔𝟓 %
1+𝑒

Saturated unit weight:

𝐺𝑠 +𝑒 2.7+0.65
𝛾𝑠𝑎𝑡 = 𝛾𝑤 = (62.4) 𝜸𝒔𝒂𝒕 = 𝟏𝟐𝟔. 𝟔𝟗 𝒍𝒃/𝒇𝒕𝟑
1+𝑒 1+0.65

18. The moist unit weights and degrees of saturation of soil are given in the table.
𝜸 (𝒑𝒄𝒇) S (%)
105.73 50
112.67 75

Determine:
a. e
b. Gs

Given:
𝛾1 = 105.73 lb/ft3
𝛾2 = 112.67 lb/ft3
𝑆1 = 50 %
𝑆2 = 75 %

Required:
e, Gs

Solution:
Void ratio, (e):
𝐺𝑠 + 𝑆 𝑒
𝛾= 𝛾𝑤
1+𝑒
𝐺𝑠 + 0.5(𝑒)
105.73 𝑙𝑏/𝑓𝑡 3 = (62.4) Eq. 1
1+𝑒
𝐺𝑠 + 0.75(𝑒)
112.67 𝑙𝑏/𝑓𝑡 3 = (62.4) Eq. 2
1+𝑒
 From Equations 1 and 2: 𝒆 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟎𝟏𝟒 𝒐𝒓 𝟖𝟎. 𝟏𝟒%

Specific gravity, (Gs):

From equation 1:
105.73 (1+0.8014)
𝐺𝑠 = − 0.50(0.8014) 𝑮𝒔 = 𝟐. 𝟔𝟓
62.4

19. Refer to problem 18. Determine the weight of water, in lb, that will be in 2.5 ft3 of the
soil when it’s saturated.
Given:
S=1
𝑒 = 0.8014
𝑉 = 2.5 ft³

Required:
Weight of water when saturated

Solution:
𝑆𝑒 1.0 (0.8114)
𝑊𝑤 = (1+𝑒) 𝛾𝑤 𝑉 = [ ] (62.4)(2.5) 𝑾𝒘 = 𝟔𝟗. 𝟒 𝒍𝒃
1+0.8014