Professional Documents
Culture Documents
article - 09ظاهرة غسيل الاموال
article - 09ظاهرة غسيل الاموال
! "#$
! "#$ %&
'()* +#( ,
-------------
.jk 8 0
.
i) .g h
' *
Abdullah_barakat1@yahoo.com :"
4
.
215
&'#( &) *+,.
! "#$
=R ; lK0 m U V ="l_` # . ; ! "#$ +U
.+ "#1 n 7
80 +
"l_c 11
; k
n =e
P + q op b
8 71 "#. 23 D
8
+1 +
-
#g &.Y W +U '#X +)U Is t =+ "F
##r $
-7
G x V
#D iec 4+u vw =B+
d
.e.8 yW ' +,
#D l! b#_(
{-br V- =#g
&zDY EW ; = ! &
+U
"-~ ; 7,
! U}]
V =7Y "+
iec Is 4+5 |X = QX(
-X h +b@ =>#b 3 "+ M "#. 23 .e 8 &+P
!
X + .J >#b n
&zDY ; +( +Yk n &#
23 '#X M?,NW |X ="lc h n
X
q' W
- -
#b
1 n
; =+
d n #TU
.
#D
YU ! "#$ &3cW =J >#b n &Y8K +b 3Y :9:-* ;<
"+N > Q#.8 =7
+
&8, b
@ I t =l,' 0D(
m + &b@+
; lK0( q' +U ! ; ~Y '#
,
=y Is m( TU + "l_c &) +X
&O
c ; +) t =
B e &
X &\D +)U =
d
n bK h+8 ; v8
7
Y &+P n ~( W+, |X =!#e b
X n
c+ t =m( g
;} D B+ 9
( +X 3 .#cZ
U Q+X ^8 b S#
c #a [#7
(
# ,
=&
@'
"#. 23 ?@0 4+7
U m1 m
Nc &#DU +N + ; ++ i A vw 9,
1 .> 8b 7
C1
0D >@ 7
?@0 ( N #A 23 #.8 . ! &
( {
U
:
1
( n
,
U |?,
! "#.
1
"#. 23 ?@0 \1 E 2
"#. 23 ?@0 n @
_D8 , 3
4
.
216
&'#( &) *+,.
! "#$
9:-* =
! &
> ws =mY
U 3 J 1X n |?, W
F
U .1
E
V EFX > Is &1+ lDU .#
0D(
Y
U
. Y1 >
#U ; +) R b( /
n Y1 7
!
+ 7A &i# h 7e |X ; "#. 23u /#
n |?, E7 .2
.7
?@0 3,
. ! #A
MYU V &1+
.3
. ! ?@0 n
_D8 ( ++r n |?, 3 E7 .4
! "#$ ?@A :>
;- +-) 3 # = ! h 7e X + ^( h SeU +
3-c]U + ,@ .B+
Nc E\#A 23 ?@0 & ( N
#g @0 &+\ ,
|X ; = 91 h 7e(
=" -# =[-g ={# "~ =&+P C#5 "~ K ) #z
[#7-
= bY /)U =O "~ =oO
c =
"~ =i, =1 e
3c]U ^X n =( #D l! E\#A ; vw l! # F
=#a
i-ecs &
&
23 #
bU |X ={a h 7e( #c + (
(161 :2001 = ' ) .E\#A b( > b@ &+P C#7
+\
V &i#g v
U ": ! &
> (170 :2001 )
#
Is kcs
=#D l! {#z ; bbd iec w E
Y( ."+bY &O ?
&
;
1 Oc ; =#D
#y
; V &
": ! &
> (161 :2001) ' #
; ~Y = 23 bbX iecs =e
P E\#A ,0U# kOc
23 M8' ws
4#
G 23 n C | =7
z 8 8b l!
> I (2005)
c lD ." hW #D W ; ~8 7
bbX n
; "+
iecs =a
b E
V
v
U " : !
=e =&+P "~ K #D l! _D8 =#g DY &w &
=# JbU =#@
" .d O "~ =oO
c ="+ =b
;
1 Oc ; =#D
c #cW "# kcs
=C#7
N
4#
C ; , | =+bY &O ?
&
4
.
217
&'#( &) *+,.
! "#$
YF
+ ="#D H#!W n K
1 7e8s
; = 23k
_D8W ;
?
r
":y]( !
I (
W "+ W = 23k .d #D l! + 08s W iecs 4+u =#
=(4 :1994 = Y ) .h#A 3 ;8 8b T m,YF
# C0U P
" :>]( &+P ?@0 "+?
E 8#( ; " {\ n +
W) c+
bbG + iec =&+P "F
( ; 9@+U !
{br + c+ >]' +, ' vw m
#cW ]( hb #D l! (
: K L !
>W I (7 :1998) bD lD .#D + ;
n 7$s ¢ #D l! + iecg =
c+
&
¡"
#, +\ r iecs W /$ U n l! + ;
?
W " N
! &
> l@ (39 :2005) ># ="?Y W YA #, l! W
G x V = eN lU +b( 3P
U V &i#g &
'" :
=#D ; ,
0 M8' ' 7Y n #7.
=#D l! S#_( =7
&'#D W L W NW i# W &#D iD8s {#z ; vw E
+
@# n
U V + £ Y( n +s &(G
@ W 7\# ="#1`
." '8 Y( # 1 K 23 +
-y( - !
¤ )'# vY, 4#} +b@
d
l-! - ;- U]
) #D l! O bbG + iec 4+7
U
- r M8'
1 ( + 3 ; z
&
i_ ( #D
7
8-N #D l! v
L =+ m L iec H# k+,
1
hb bY l! bY i#D \1 ;
1 ]( 7e$ U 7+P
1
(1917 :2004 =) ). &
(
= - !
&+P ?@0 B+ "+?
E 8#( 4#} '
W c iecg
b &#T &+P (#7 ~ 7 ]F
" :y](
m8]' +, m
F =#D l! m n c+ h+P
1 W #D l! 2+ iecs
-bY n 4#
" :¥ "+?
E 8#( CX =#D + ; {br
(9 :2001="+?
E 8#( ) " bbG 7
N + e b#_(
- r n -K
= ! &
\# 4+k > ^KX, +X #
+ = N ; #cW 0W Is =8 8b l! ; ~Y +bY
4
.
218
&'#( &) *+,.
! "#$
_D8W n +( @ 7+P
1 ;0 | =#D l! &+\ {@+U ^U
(14 :2002 =o b ) .7Y &7, W )U #D
^-( -_(# iecs 11 4+k > =#c |X( # Y(
+- R z W m L Is #U ="+
&
Oc ; vw #A h#
+ c i 1 =0Y( (X NW Is +b8 NW ; 7
r = ¢ #A
-8 8b #zP EFX ;
b => 8b 3eYU ")7W ; ;] n 7
¦ =7c
-X8 ;- = 23 n # 4#
; E7Y0L =X8 ; ^# m U V
{-b?
=-#g &+-\ h+P
1 ! 4+ ^( ; >W #cW
-
n §+8 =8 8 &#D n Oc ; =
K
1 4+W
80 ¨
( =( ; +) {b?
@0 8#
1#@ =#D
(76 :2004 =#z ) . #
i-ecs Is G h+ + ( ="++ "#$ ! "#$ q
U
; ¤K +b Is ! l,U 9# .#D l! _D8W ;
?
&#K
;- ; > ; [#7
"++
X Is @ &( &]A |X =J >#b
"l &e( U & 23 M8' =(O &! iD8s {#z
"-~ ;- i)
(W > ea 8' h #c n . 3 ;
?
8-' V- "l,-0 ©, #W n +XW [U# > > =7e.YU v3( E
&+P
(240 :2001 =
c ). y ¦
! O_N >W ( Rover & Doby, 1997) ª #@ lD
;- +-+ i#-D( (@) ; ^ +X h +Y =J >#b &Y#D I
h - ' y n >' =+b8 0D( ,bU V =0U U &
(2001) ' # ."3b 7 /a & 23 c 9« h b
n Water gate Scandal M#U ?a@ zs n #7$ ! h 7e >
" + $ |X J >#b ; &Y, +b Oc =0# "+?
&
-7,0U# -
4#
4+u =?ae 23 W &+\ 9,
U W Is £38
( 161¬ =2001 = ' ).u ^z
@#- m-U)7W R £ Y( q E
U V ! # EFX +b 3
- U-Y B-:s ;- %5 -?Y +b W = Y1 >
#U 3 ?Y(
(76 :2003=la`)
4
.
219
&'#( &) *+,.
! "#$
-~ W ! ; ¤U V =+ \W ; 0# "+?
& q
U
£ -Y, #@ v3' =7@ S 1 0# £ Y, > +P
;3 =&+P
- +-bU . - ! &
n ®k d YUO 0#W n 0#
.
283 B 0# "+?
& n 7
! #¦ V
-
(100) -?Y( -r 1 n ! &
EFX +} +}
C,(
(25) ¯ 1 &#c ^U ( #O@ 1# \# CX.
(52) ¯ _s n ! EFX ©
, ' . ! &
-
(23.3) +Y' n
(24.2) >( n
(24.6) 8W n
.
-7@ - - +bU |X +Y# 7@ = ! n + W
= - -! _D8W ; %25 >W Is "g +~ . >
(538.5) ?Y(
(175 125) ^( #
W = S 1W q +r
/?
i# #, K
1 £ Y, q #
@ 7
! E
V b( W .R
.n# °7A §c l! "# 9
&b "Y
=S- 3- n >+Y 7@YU = ! n )'# q' £ 8 q
U
;- #-K' >+Y n S 1W Oc ; 7
! x V = &°~ |X
. Y1
(2.4)
w =R
YN | q'W q
U !
> I lD ; £Y
(844.6) ©
, =R
Q Y1 7
! E
V EFX +b
:
' ° =0# >
#U 1.2 I U + 0#W
(%38 ,Y()
325.5 :^
0#
(%30 Y()
257 :1 – ve1,
(%27,Y()
231.3 :(W
(%5 Y()
42.8 :1 S#D
:
' #A 8 CX ! &
°
U
(%34)
291 &+P "~
(%19)
162.64 C#7
(%47)
400 #cW
4
.
220
&'#( &) *+,.
! "#$
.
1.72 2+ ( &A ² I @J(
:
' 7@ ! &
n +P
\1 S#_ {@ 7° U
b#_' £ Y, 7+P
U e.Y l! ; %47
>
\ &_( h+P
U %5
^]
&'# h+P
U %8
K
1 &1T h+P
U %25
#cW S#z %15
! "#$ CD :B
;- +-+ -
X# ' EaU =\ X# OK( ! &
#L
hLs &G ( n E
.
hLs e' [
1 b@ /
+ V =& _`
-@ K
U ! X# >@ e( .b@ ^
X# b@ &
:
l! D8 ; U]
c³( 1! h u +b :EFG41
="+ =&+P "~ #D l! _D8 v
U ^( ; .n# h.Y n #D
=-
3eYU >0
c(
23 W+,U =l! … #D l! O "~
B- h.Y c #D W 8 8b l! &
; ~Y +s E
|X
23- r | =#D l! 7@ E
V + §c 7
r W =F
4# Nc W _U V =#N @# ^8 b &w + Is
23 r E
' =n# °7A + iO &(X #1 W =@# Y7 #(
-8b -(# @#g &1T /a( )
U V +
aW
.(55 :2003 =la` ) .+b
+(
ie-J -
X# 7
U
= 23k #0,
X#
X# 23
{
_
n #D l! {#z ; U]
bY +s E
+Y@ . 23
#D e
´,U ! n
& _` > Q#.8 "+b E1
23
{
_ £ Y,
(20 :2000 =[# ) ."+b 23
C,-( vw = !
X# n CN " _` =
X# 23 +U
: µZ
4
.
221
&'#( &) *+,.
! "#$
+- X n z#D( U( £ Y, h)
U =>+
, ( n &#DU ¶ .W
e
1! ]F
. 23 + @# vw =^ /b1 S @ ©,
&(-X "+- n vw }Y +g ¬PW "+ F
1 Oc ; vw
z#-D hOs vY,
H#e 3 /b Is ©
, > #D( =0Y(
.v3(
n =z#-D( UO )
&#DU 7@ M V + n £ Y, ]F
U .[
.vD
K m@ Y eb1 °F
©
, +s X
+-b
eU 4- n E -b8 +s Is
1! ]F
vw e
> - b |X .Y eb1 ©
, °~ +Y z#D ¨O(s C U V &#D
i-~ V- ( CX#U V =+ ( n
J O
1(
K °#( ; .,# lKU
\z W M8' X ; #.Y 4#( 7s
(4 :1994 = Y ) . b#@W #D (W = + 23
i#-s 7@ E
V
X# = e W E
X# aW k b :CH* 42
23- -KL . ¢ #D l! N iec =,
&
;
1
;- e-a ,'# &b,z {
c >+
;3=
1 "l,' W
X#
m- L= #D l! &+\ iecs e0U V &O ?
F
&be
3-eYU ")7W C8 ; #W iY
Q,Y~ vw =#A + 7
N 9_ 7
,z
. e
P H#! n # 7+P
1=
0 N#e XUs => 8b
w =-+ ,_( z,U #K' =+bU X# #K' ;
X# 23 +U '
C-1 ;- ++ h+P
1
_YU ="+
>+
( n 7\ #~ Q,!
:
7Y = Y
,D
vw =YZ {zY [ N 1 =#c ; =b\@ #( b8
n "#-D
Y -7#@ # @# E.Y h+P
1( W =q &O ?
Oc ;
= e
0
( =# # ; #K' +b( 5+c h+bU V =>+
, ; ++
.#D @# E.Y
,Y( G 4Oc
+Y
W 5O r /
-N 9-( "-s 9 =e
>+
( n ="+
&K
1 ^( 9° U
.
P &_
C8 ; =#W iY
CYF
=#
1( &K
1 b8 ="#
D
-@# ¤#-
0g 9@+ &_( h+P
1 =,Y Yz 4 9 Tz
. "l
# &(G Smart Cards '3 &_,(
4
.
222
&'#( &) *+,.
! "#$
lU e O
1( >+
, q c =#D l! '#X 7U
&'#D " 7 " i_ " &'# Oc ; =
&(_c =")
.#g &.Y
(
r &0D +Ns =
lU n =b 8 &+c ; "e
1
.#cW 8 Is
{#z ; =#D l! &w [
1 =
X# 23 n E
:J * (3
7
@ W )L C | =#D
_D8W W #D &
n 7¡
x V ·J #cW ",( .#D 8 8b ¢ &+\ ;
#7. v3 ,U C
0U |X
1 ]' = #cW "#
n 7
!
K =e
P & i# n K
1 Oc ; vw E
" .8 8
b _D8 n K
1 80s Is @Jg( K
1 &7 &+Y E71
(44 :2005= ># ) . .#D ; vw l! X _
; Q+ w ?
U !
> (2001)la` lD
:
' 7P
U ;0 =,
' > w =,Y &O ; W
d
; i 1 9#U W
.4 q §` Is &O r i#s I aeU !
= 8° U l! &O ¦s =Y +bY ; +
a [
.4# 1 eY l!
.J
# .( 9
(N &
; ;#K
4) F
8 = ; ^
z ,8 + eU
h+ Q#.8 =u ^
&+c ; iY
1O \b &#D i A &#D
. E7\,W r
5+
H# D
8 Is ae t "
@#X w =7_8 U #A D
8 §
. c+ [
'g o1W 7
=
w# DeU
Is T t =C\#a ; +
X He¸ 9 h Se8g EFX "°
.`
d 8+
1 {#z ; =h Se8g L
d ;+ EeU =`
d 5)
+1
+ "+ He¸ ¹
.> + 23 +c
+ "+ h+ `
eU =
#U
° Is T t = b c+ 9° U i 1
.4#¯O +G
4
.
223
&'#( &) *+,.
! "#$
,k ++D ^( = S 1W n &,
b
"+X eU w
.}: Q#\c ;#K
+,0U I T 3 # =G
iO "+ h+ F
8 &° "+X +
=y £ Y, oO@
.
+A +b
eU &#D n Ek W J =+
#D l! >W Is =0# "+?
& n &1+ +Xs & +
-_b -º C,-( (%27) ,Y( 0#
n
8g He¸ Is &W
-
-_b -º +- ;- #-1W + vw »# l!
(Elliott , 1997 , p 23).»#
"-° Is TU ! &
>@ (Fichtenbown,1993,p86) CX
/J B
(= K
1 c &+ He¸ n E t =£O7
1 &+
.7#U
8g
! "#$ L*M> :K*
m
=
1! , ; +P
S#_ v
U ! C1]( +b
.5w n #D " ( +,U =&0
t NW Is 7
r Oc ; vw =
C-1 23- /-
- ! &
kOc ; E
U C1 "+ £Y
>-° ;- #cZ >0 ; l
U V 7
,z
0( _d 4#. 4O
c(
(47 :2005 =># ) C1 23 (
@ .#cZ
v
U n \ 4 C
U :R( P Q O " :* N G 41
;0 w =7@ @ @#z 4 23 ,U > I T + t = ,D &
n
4 +XW n 7+s {#z ; #D l! &+\ iecs
1
.§` n " £ Y, +XW Is 7
r E
U
X#
m@ #@
U c +
( W + #D l! +s E
:S
%
42
71 £ Y,
(# h+8 = c+
C\#J h+ K =Y )
\1 #@ U +bY 1 #b
1 Is @Jg( =&'#D i# W 1]U
#c +
( n
d £ Y, +XW ; J# ¬P +XW C
_ 3\+Y .K+G U
.Y +
, vY( n v
U >a(
4
.
224
&'#( &) *+,.
! "#$
= ,U &
n C
U V =@# l! &1T h+P
1 3
&'# @# &'# K =&
23 n W 'D {#z ; i 1
23 Is
1! ]F
+b@ .l! S ¡ n
"#
" N n 7$s 23k #D l!
N + iecs ,1 n &1T
.8 8 #D
&be +b Oc ; = !
E
U >W ;0 : T* A* 4 4
r ;0 ' ="Y Ye 9_b W b ., & i#D' =+bY
E
=§` n 7( ;0 V ; l! W =&# ¡ W Cw Is
d
.mUw Y +
, n 7+s
9
- 9-( W i#- Oc ; = !
K
U + :%0( UVA* 45
9
-1 i#D( 1! 7@ h b = N &
{#z ; ^
'# ^( &+`
- 9-@ K N "+ Oc ; vw =7s r # V ='#D ;
{-#z ;- W ¼ S#e > 0 " Ue n " &+` W 9
- -K m-G 23 n @+ ©
, B:s > 0@
' e( ") lU @ 1s
.
=+-bU YU #K' = _U #K' ! &YbU C1W M?,NW +b
-8# &-
Is -DY 3- -
\b #g &.Y i A 9 1
-~ - &W h+P
-1 =Yz +G q r bY =#
"- =#-D l! ¢
N ]DY iecs +b( =e
>+
( n ="+
\ -
^8 b n " &#K vw n
=#D _D8 n K
1
H#
U V &+b
# ; "+e
=F
_D8¢ .Y =Yz
.&_
^( >
#g &.Y M7~ +b@ ¼ @ ] C1 h+P
1 C8 I
-b,z °#( I " +~ .U 9@+
K+G \1 &Yb
O
1 Is
^-Y7 ; El! =^ ^@# ^,1 EaU ")
"++ =@#
#s
=- E5q-c E5+c ½+b
E\ +
1
! Y7 > @#
;3
&K
-1 " n #g &+\ r b8 iecs ¡ n &+P F
12 :2004=#z ).l! F
&#D &be &b n bXO
(15
4
.
225
&'#( &) *+,.
! "#$
-
LW \-1 -YU $ n 8#
0g \1 I ! _D8W mF
U
=8#
0g &+` ; j ºW 1t $ n =@# &+`
-
X# n k N 7 8]( &_, =#
+)U
\# {#z ; +bY Eb ;)r 7@ #¦ V ='3 ¾@d &_, I G
-
LW \-1 ;
1 ' >³@ 3 =(
_ &O Eb( 7Y? 8#
0s
l-! - ! _D8W n kO
1 + &+r lKU =@# &+`
M-XUW =>
\g &_( _1 ( M8#
8g q OK +bY 9@+ &
@ .#D
=-+
b
i@ &W ; Q+( 7
(b i@ #¦ &+c &F
Y
G
>W -' =+-
b
n#- R n G ' 7
(
+ 0D(
&(-G
@ &
=QaW q &8a ½+bU M8#
8g q H#
&
-
U =\ab ¬
c @# (# &_
1 ; Q+( J#
@ £ Y, +
F
Y( #7.
+ iecs
n kO
1 QbX )'# +XW
.Q#D Q+ k >W
&#D iD8s n
F
+ ! _D8W EW > I " +~
,-1Y -( M-8#
8gq
U . + iecg 7 '
U V &#D W
(-a E71 "s &
n M8#
8g K
1 >W '=9D 23 K iD8g
; 7@ Y bbG Q8XW Y_ &b( i#D 9, &) &O(
_D8W #$ n +,U _D8W n "3b § ,c ( ;)\e
.( ©,
(49 :2003 =+, ).7Y
?
3 7eN ©,U #D
! "#$ :;( **
@W :)/
Yz 5
! "#. ,
R @' M'W
-+ -7A &#@aU +b@ 3 = h 0D( B+
=¬c 0D(
: ¥) 7
U {@ 7A 23 E
@ "#. 23 ; +?
;- eU 23 q
U ( Vienna Convention )::1988 ?)* T
AV 41
+ . ! &
?@0 zs n 7s N
x V + &eU EW
-7A -@' 7
´, V o1 0D 1998 h q n 7
9
x
½#-F
( eU n 'D + h)s {#z ; vw = ! (d °O
n B+ >
9FDU C8 I =&+P C#5 ; ~Y ! &
4
.
226
&'#( &) *+,.
! "#$
/-bU > -Y + M)W yW X =E7Y( @ &
,U &#?
¡
(167 :2001 =¤+ ) . 7A 23 K hW Qb\ £ Y,( # &(G ]
1
1988 > 8' n °( YA M :1988 X/ TY* Z
-( 5E 42
n#- h-.Y
-# h+P
1 9Y >]D( °( >( E1( M@# b +N(
. ! H#!
-7 -11 i,( h)
O + @# 1 =b 23 +U
iO ++r ®, 23 DU .@# _D8 Oc ; E
U V = !
@ &O( N` \
^8 b
K
=
' @# E7
@#
9- >-
v3' = + m
( 7z,U a
V &O n 8
m-( -U + I > 8b 3eYU &_
1 ; l! z#D iab &_
1
(12 :2001 =&_ ) iO #1 > ( b
\
+ (
¡ n ia + M :1990 ?)* [! \]
AV 43
-5 n -eU 23- &#@ + 1990 h n eU 23 #c + ;
#c #a l(+
#D
&i# w ^
V + @O 1
:2005 = -
c )
c+ 7Y8 C 4#z + C8 ; E\# ,
.(39
-
-b
n 23 M
0DU :** ^( ")* 44
?@0 ¡ n
+ &.Y #7 ; +U =1989 h 9, +
! ?@0 ¡ n 0X B °7 ; ", . !
&-11 # -_U -YU
23 U (FATF) -(
c 4#U
:2001 = -D ) &+P "~ ;
?
Nc ! ?@0
.(162
3 =1990 h , ; o n ##bU 23 &+NW +
&O+
( m
c
! (d h zg KL =N U ^( ;aU
> ; +']
=Y@ eU( h)
h zs n &N
|r .1996 h n
+ 0F
( _ 8W ; ' n (# @# &_
)'# £ Y,
Kt EaU 1
.>( "+?
& +Y' +Y "+?
0
§ ,0 8#@
4
.
227
&'#( &) *+,.
! "#$
-O
&N
)0U#U =&N
3eYU #U &(G #( b
^8 b
: =
. ! &
½#r
+ | X ;a
:_B* QG -
-DU -( =C?@ £ Y,
&N
#
bU :*( #M`(
-
-bbX E)'# 7\O
4#
7Kr =0Y, l! &1T
3-eY
( -Y &_
-
&
l@ U &OF ¾eX =4 0D( E7zD8
.^8 b
-,U n B+- {Y
^( &N
|r :^* 5)* TV -
B+- >
E+U "#J =e
P &O( op {@+U X &
."+
\YK &eU ; 0, Oc ;
¤¶ – ^( &N
23 Is – MeJW 2001
q
,1 +XW e
c
(2005:245
c) .[g L ?@0 >]D( "++ &N U
-r ;- m
3 +N :1991 ?)* [!
a O
* b* 45
3- h)
,U H#! n# h.Y h+P
1 ; >]D( ª
b@ # ,
! #.r &#DU ;1 "#a( ia + m
=- &OF-( À-e
X iO P ; {b?
C8 Is =Y@ eU
"+- &be iO P {br ++?
( b
{\ 9: ¾eX I @J(
; +)U V ;\() {\ "
P &_
^( >
=& Y1 Á
.(8 :1994 = Y ) .(W +b8 "+X (15000 )
-+ -.Y &3 :1992 ?)* *( c! de ** fT(
46
! &
7 vw =1992 h ;#DU n # S &k
&w S -1 S n Nc 7
?@0 @ & _c w "#J
.(1905 ¬ :2004 =))."l_` #A 23 kOc ; E
U >W ;0 V O
=&+P ?@0 0# + >U YA &+NW :1993 hT* :gE* 47
( b
w Y ?\O( =0# + .Y ; MbK,8 V
! &
½#~ I @J ?\O 23 &
X + . N "
\ ; k = &1T {U
9bU &)
\#s C8
(106 :2005 = ># ) .@# # 0
G #z = 3 n
4
.
228
&'#( &) *+,.
! "#$
?)* )* `( 7(/ N<( U$ i :;( /)*
AV 48
=[#
c+ i° C8 ; 1994 h 8 U n eU 23 M :1994
eU 23 > ¾XO . ! ?@0 >]D( eU 23 MYaU
4O
c h+ Q#.8 ! "#. 7
A ¡ n Y@ eU y M0
1
(41 :2004 =#z ) .7Y(
; = ! >]D( w Y 9#D
+N :1995 'hT* j <* 49
(K > 0 vw =&+P
+ (#( ¥ ="+?
E 8#( Oc
1995 ¤ ;#DU n 2+N x + . ! ?@0 0
¤ 8b z
=># ) . ! >]D( w Y 9#D
; "+#@ ?bY P8 (K > 0
(82 :2005
&+
:1998 %:( k E* )* )W O
* 'M#* 5E 410
;#D \YK
1 "+ h
c n >O 3 "+?
E n ia +
7 3,( "+?
E n ia + &+7U + ="+?
EO F
=&+P( ~ E\# ;
?
! &
?@0 ; Nc
;aU ' .
B+ \ab >
m E
+']
"#J
¡ n >#DU +U >( + ; l! I ia + ; N U >O
°O l(+
a >O ;aU + =2003 h
vw ! ?@0
.(42 :2004 =#z ) . &+P
0D 7 B+ >
##b
q .Y #A ?@0 "+?
E eU :2000 U*/
AV 411
/
P B+ >
m ))U I eU 23 4+5 =2000 h Yz +G
7
?@0 ! E\# 7Y Yz +G q .Y #F
"l_` º
(85 :2005 =># ) .e ; +)
=2003 h e ?@0 "+?
E eU :2003 ?)* T
AV 412
E\# ?@0 9Y 4+k B+ >
m 7U l(+
E+U #U I 4+5
.
E\#A ; #A 23 > 0 = ! E\# 7Y( ; V =e
4
.
229
&'#( &) *+,.
! "#$
lm
K
-1 {@+U 9FDU ,Y op [3
R 9: U
R- ,! >W ' =,Y op ; +) [_b
1 =7JW I
;- O-a@ ='#A ,#a &ie' &8a ) Y #K
_U
H#e 3 = ! 7
H#
U 7
¦ + vw > =&(G #1 ^8
h.Y Y + ,Us 7
H#eU = 51T
(# +DU > 7
{@
0D h R E. m U . ! &
mJ#U h+ B
-,Y
d [3 n ,!# &a
b  h à &a
b ^(
.7JW c K
1O
-~ &+P F
@ =B+ e( ,U# ! >W I "g +~
> -b
;3 ^e$ #g 9: .Y #A 0U# ( {#
4- n - >W ;- E7Y0L =Y & Y ¦ > #
-! , n q0 R 4 ; lK0 O
1 x + =#D l! E7,10
.
,! &]A +b@ +
! &
7'#
U V ,
Ä F
8
> -0U +- &#D
23 > =&
23 h}#~ &#DU 9J I R
- &1T ^( {Y
>
C
_
3 (Y + n Nc) "#N
^8 - # -_U I @J( R /
n Y ")7 #D
@#
- S 1W &1T 4 n ^
C+U @# &(G #1
.7Y ¨O(g ! & /D0 K+G C1
El!
&-
-?@0 3, 7A >W ="#. 23 " _c ; +) t
& ¡ c ! &
+7DU |X "a 7 7
(b !
n E5+- -
-1! , ; E7e$ U E
=;7 /
n ^P
;
.8 8 W I 7
r /.YU
4
.
230
&'#( &) *+,.
! "#$
j(
4
.
231
&'#( &) *+,.
! "#$
(17) Kimberly Ann Elliott (editor ) Corruption and the Global .
Economy, Institute for international Economics, Washington, 1997,
p. 23.
(18) The Basel statement on prevention Criminal Use of the
Banking system for the purpose of Money Laundering , Basel ,
12 December , 1988.
4
.
232