HUMAN BEING AND ITS ENVIRONMENT

1- THE STAGES OF LIFE

BIRTH : pregnancy, a mother-to-be, a maternity hospital, a midwife, childbirth = the delivery, a baby, a newborn, twins, a
surrogate mother, infancy, infant, a nappy GB = a diaper US, a bottle, a bib, a cradle, a pram, a dummy GB = a pacifier US, a
birth certificate, a birthmark , pregnant, premature, stillborn, to expect a baby, to give birth, to be born, to live, to be alive,
to breastfeed.
CHILDHOOD AND ADOLESCENCE: a toddler, a child pl. child, growth, youth, a youth = a youngster, young people, teenage
(adj.), to grow up, to come of age, to be of age.
ADULTHOOD: maturity, an adult= a grown-up , middle age, young / old, mature.
OLD AGE : a dead man/ woman, a corpse, a funeral, a funeral parlour GB = A funeral home US, a mortuary, an undertaker GB =
a mortician US, a grave-digger, a shroud, a coffin, a hearse, a wreath, a grave = a tomb, a tombstone, a cemetery = a
graveyard, a churchyard, a widow/widower, an orphan, an orphanage, a guardian, a ward, mourning, a will, an
heir/heiress, an inheritance, a legacy, dying, dead/deceased, late, to die, to pass away/ to pass on, to bury, to cremate, to
outlive sb., to be in mourning, to mourn sb., to inherit= to come into an inheritance.
PHRASES: She has just turned twenty, I’m older than he is by five years, They’re in their teens, She’s in the prime of life = in her prime, He’s middle-
aged, She’s on maternity leave, To have miscarriage, to die natural death/an early death, My deepest sympathy = I’m sorry for your loss,// To be alive
and kicking, He’s like a babe in arms, Boys will be boys, The generation gap, It’s as old as the hills, He’s slipping away, H e’s dead as a doornail, to push up
the daisies = to be six feet under.
2- ANATOMY
THE HEAD : the face, the feature, the countenance, the forehead = the brow, an eye, an eyelid, an eyelash, an eyebrow, the
nose, a nostril, a cheek, a cheekbone, a dimple, freckles, an ear, the earlobe, the eardrum, the mouth, a lip, the
upper/lower lip, the jaw, the tongue, a tooth, a gum, the chin, the complexion, the hair, a hair, the skull, receding (hair),
receding chin, turned-up nose.
THE PARTS OF THE BODY : the skeleton, a bone, the backbone =the spine, a vertebra pl. vertebrae, the spinal cord, a rib, the
rib cage, a limb, a forearm, a wrist, a fingernail, the thumb, the forefinger, the middle finger, the ring finger, the little
finger, a knuckle, a leg, a hip, a thigh, a knee, a kneecap, a calf pl. calves, a shin, an ankle, a foot pl. feet, the sole of the
foot, a heel, a toe, a toenail, the neck, the nape of the neck, the throat, the trunk, the back, a breast, the chest, the waist,
the pelvis, the stomach, the belly, the belly button = the navel, a buttock, the groin, the genitals, the skin, the flesh, blood,
a vein, an artery, the heart, the brain, a nerve, a muscle, a lung, the liver, the bladder, a kidney.
PHRASES: a green-eyed boy, To shake sb’s hand = to shake hands with sb, to blow one’s nose, to pick one’s nose, to thumb one’s nose, to bite one’s
nails, to knit one’s brows, to scratch one’s head, to purse one’s lips, to keep a straight face, to walk arm in arm // He paid through the nose for his car, It
cost them an arm and a leg, She always pays on the nail, Hands off! Hands up! He gets under my skin! He won’t stir a finger, To fight tooth and nail, It’s
getting out of hand, Lend me a hand! He gave me the cold shoulder, To get cold feet
3- PHYSICAL APPEARANCE
BEAUTY AND PLAINLESS: good looks, good-looking, beautiful, handsome, pretty ≠ plain, attractive ≠ unattractive, lovely,
charming, sweet = cute, ugly, hideous, to look + adj.
THE FIGURE: the build, weight, plump, fat, stout, big = large, slim = slender, thin = lean, skinny, small = short, tall, squat,
thickset, stocky, lanky, chubby, flabby, overweight ≠ underweight, obese, sturdy, strong ≠ weak, naked.
THE MOTIONS OF THE ARMS AND HANDS: a gesture, a wave, a hug, to motion sb to do sth, to point at sth., to pinch, to
take, to catch, to hold, to grasp
PHRASES: She’s doesn’t look her age, He looks a mess, How tall are you? He’s taller than me by a head, How much do you weight, To put on weight =
to lose weight, he’s got a paunch = a beer belly, a broad-shouldered ≠ a narrow-shouldered man, I don’t like the look of him, to lean to one’s side, to lean
on sb/sth, to tremble = to shiver with cold, to quake = to shudder with fear, to hold sth at arm’s length// Don’t judge by look, He’s as thin as a rake, He’s
as strong as a horse, to be as ugly as a sin, Looks aren’t everything.
4- BODILY CARE
HYGIENE: the bathroom, a bath, a bath = a (bath)tub US, a sink, a shower, shower gel, soap, a bar of soap, a soap-dish,
bath salts, a bubble bath, a sponge, a (face) flannel GB = a wash-cloth US, a towel, a towel rail, a bathrobe, toilet paper, a
tissue, a wet wipe, cotton wool GB = cotton US, a cotton bud GB = a Q-tip® US, a shaver = an electric razor, shaving cream,
shaving foam, a shaving-brush, a razor, a razor blade, a toothbrush, a toothpaste, a deodorant, clean ≠ dirty, to clean, to
soap oneself, to dry oneself, to scrub oneself, to shave.
HAIR CARE: shampoo, a comb, a hairbrush, rollers = curlers, a hairdryer, hairspray, a hairclip = a hair slide, a hairband, a
lock of hair, a head of hair, a curl, a fringe GB = bangs US, bunches GB = pigtails US, a ponytail, a bun, a plait GB = a braid
US, the parting GB = the part US, a barber, a hairdresser = a hairstylist, a hairdressing salon, a haircut, a bob, a crew cut,
dandruff, a perm, a wig, bald, straight/wavy/curly/frizzy (hair), to cut sb’s hair.
BEAUTY CARE: a mirror, a wrinkle, cosmetics, make-up, day / night cream, foundation (cream), powder, (powder) blusher,
rouge, lipstick, eye shadow, an eyebrow pencil, tweezers, nail polish = nail varnish, nail polish remover, a nail file, nail
clippers, nail scissors, a nail brush, a cotton pad, an anti-ageing cream, cleansing milk = cleansing lotion, eye maker-up
remover, a moisturizer, an after-shave lotion, a beauty parlour = a beauty salon, a cosmetician = a beautician
PHRASES
5- HEALTH
HEALTH AND ILLNESS : good health ≠ poor health, health disorder, an illness = a disease, pain, agony, a backache, a
headache, a stomach ache, a germ = a bug, a sore, a rash, an itch, a trauma, a bruise, a graze, a blister, a cold = a chill,
influenza = flu, a heart attack, aids, HIV-positive, healthy ≠ sick = ill, tired, exhausted = worn out, painful ≠ painless,
infected, terminally ill, deadly = lethal = fatal, to itch, to cough, to sneeze, to sniff, to sweat = to perspire, to faint = to pass
out, to swell, to fester.
AT THE DOCTOR’S: a GP, a consultant, a paediatrician, the doctor’s surgery, blood pressure, a blood test, a screening test,
a diagnosis, a prescription, medicine, a medicine = a drug, an antibiotic, a painkiller, a tablet, a pill, a capsule, a syrup, a
drop, an ointment, a plaster GB = a Band-Aid US, a shot = an injection, a syringe, a side-effect, recovery, a relapse, to
prescribe.
AT THE HOSPITAL: a unit = a ward, the casualty ward GB = the emergency room US, palliative care, a waiting-room,
surgery, an operating theatre GB = an operating room US, a surgeon, a lancet, a nurse, a male nurse, an orderly, the
paramedics, an ambulance, a stretcher, an X-ray, a drip, a cast, a scar, a sprain, physiotherapy GB = physical therapy US, an
injury / a wound, blood poisoning, to bleed, to dress a wound, to operate ( on sb), to injure oneself.
AT THE DENTIST: toothache, a cavity, a drill, a filling, braces, a crown, dentures.
PHRASES
6- CLOTHES
CLOTHES = CLOTHING: a garment, a dress, a skirt, a blouse, a suit, a pullover = a sweater = a jumper, a cardigan, trousers
GB pants US, jeans, hipsters, a shirt, a waistcoat GB = a vest US, a dinner jacket GB = a tuxedo US, overalls, dungarees, a
coat, an overcoat, a mackintosh = a raincoat, a jacket, a windcheater GB = a windbreaker US, an anorak, the fly, a collar,
the neckline, a sleeve, a lapel, a pocket, a hood, turn-ups, underwear, a bra, a petticoat = a waist slip, a slip, a T-shirt, a
vest GB = an undershirt US, a sock, an ankle-sock, a stocking, tights GB = pantyhose US, knickers GB = panties US,
underpants, a thong, boxer short, pyjamas GB = pajamas US, a dressing gown, long-sleeved ≠ short-sleeved, casual =
informal, loose = baggy, tight = close-fitting.
FABRICS: satin, silk, cotton, wool, velvet, lace, linen, plain, striped, with polka dots, checked, crumpled = creased.
ACCESSORIES AND JEWELS : a shoes, a boot, a half-boot, a flip-flop, a trainer = a sneaker US, a slipper, a scarf pl scarves, a
headscarf pl. headscarves, a belt, a glove, a mitt = a mitten, an umbrella, a hat, a cap, a tie, a bow-tie, a necklace, a
bracelet, a ring, an earring, a handbag GB = a purse US, a wallet, a handkerchief.
FASHION: a designer, couture, a model, the catwalk, tailor-made ≠ ready-to-wear, fashionable, smart = elegant.sss
PHRASES