VCP-511 (Medicine)

MANUAL
VETERINARY CLINICAL PRACTICE
(VETERINARY MEDICINE)
(VCP-511)
Prepared By:
Dr. PRADEEP KUMAR SHARMA Dr. P. R. PATEL
DEPARTMENT OF VETERINARY MEDICINE
ARAWALI VETERINARY COLLEGE

BAJOR, SIKAR (RAJASTHAN) – 332403
(Affiliated to Rajasthan University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Bikaner)
MANUAL
ON
VETERINARY CLINICAL PRACTICE
IN
VETERINARY MEDICINE
(VCP-511)
NAME OF STUDENT : ………………………………….
ROLL NO. : ………………………………….
REG. NO. : ………………………………….
SEMESTER : ………………………………….
DEPARTMENT OF VETERINARY MEDICINE
ARAWALI VETERINARY COLLEGE

BAJOR, SIKAR (RAJASTHAN) – 332403
(Affiliated to Rajasthan University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Bikaner)
2
CERTIFICATE
THIS IS TO CERTIFY THAT THIS MANUAL FOR VETERINARY

CLINICAL PRACTICE (VCP-511) CONTAINS BONA FIDE PRACTICAL WORK
DONE BY………………………….………………………………………….…..,
ROLL NO………………...…......, SEMESTER…….......................……………….,
YEAR…………………….., THE STUDENT OF THE ARAWALI VETERINARY
COLLEGE, BAJOR, SIKAR (RAJASTHAN) IN THE ACADEMIC SESSION 2014-
2015.
HE/SHE HAS COMPLETED HIS/HER PRACTICAL WORK
SATISFACTORILY.
HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT COURSE TEACHER

(SIGNATURE) (SIGNATURE)
EXTERNAL EXAMINER
(SIGNATURE)
3
INSTRUCTIONS
 The student should record minimum 25 cases per semester in veterinary

medicine.
 The student should record the case in the pocket note with complete history,
diagnosis and treatment given.
 He/she should discuss the cases in detail in terms of clinical signs, symptoms,
diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment modalities and drug administered with
doses.
4
CASE RECORDING OF A PATIENT
Case recording of a patient is one of the important facet in veterinary practice. Case record is
one of the important document for vetero-legal case, account purpose, reports, insurance, different
kinds of researches, past information of illness etc. Hence, it is very necessary to maintain it properly.
The case recording of a patient should include the following information.
(1) DESCRIPTION:
i. Name and address of Doctor
ii. Name and address of owner
iii. Case no.
iv. Date of entry and exit
v. Animal: Species, breed, sex, age, name, weight, colour, identification etc.
vi. Classification of case: Medical/ Surgical/ Gynaecological/ Vetero-legal/ Ambulatory/
Indoor/ Outdoor.
(2) HISTORY OF CASE:
i. Present history:
Onset of illness, duration, abnormality observed, no. of animals affected, feed and
water intake, urination, defecation, rumination, production, death in locality, hygiene etc.
ii. Past history:
Past vaccination, last A.I./N.S., past illness, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment, PM
findings etc.
(3) OBSERVATION OF CASE:
General body condition, skin and hair coat, behaviour, posture, gait, discharges,
urination, defecation, rumination and other abnormalities.
(4) INSPECTION OF CASE:
Systemic examination (From head to tail):
Head, neck, thorax, abdomen, pelvic, udder, limbs, sense organs, hind portion.
Physical examination:
Palpation, percussion, auscultation, temperature, pulse, respiration, per-rectal

examination, per-vaginal examination.
5
Special examination:
ECG, EEG, X-ray, skin allergic test, Opthalmoscopy, Ferroscopy, Bronchoscopy,

Gastroscopy, Laprotomy, Rumenotomy, Paracentesis etc.
(5) LABORATORY INVESTIGATION:
Collect suitable samples:
Blood, urine, milk, faeces, pus, fluid, swab, scrapings, CSF, serum, biopsy, discharges
etc.
Laboratory tests:
Physical, microscopic, biochemical, cultural, biological, serological, toxicological,

antibiotic sensitivity etc.
(6) DIAGNOSIS:
Tentative/confirmative diagnosis
i. History
ii. Clinical findings
iii. Laboratory findings
iv. Test therapy
(7) THERAPY:
i. Specific/curative/special
ii. Symptomatic
iii. Supportive
iv. Care and management
v. Hygiene
vi. Preventive
(8) ADVICE TO OWNER
(9) SIGNATURE OF CLINICIAN
6
NORMAL HAEMATOLOGICAL VALUES
Cattle Buffalo Sheep Goat Dog Camel

Haemoglobin 8-15 9-14 9-15 9-12 12-17 10-15
(g/dl)
RBC (x 5-9.8 5-8.5 9-15.1 8-18 5-8.5 7-11.2
106/ul)
WBC (x 4-12 6-12.9 4-13 4-13 6-16 8-14
103/ul)
PCV (%) 24-45 25-35 25-45 24-38 35-55 25-35
Neutrophils 15-45 15-55 10-50 30-50 60-70 50-68

(%)
Lymphocytes 45-70 25-75 40-75 50-70 12-30 30-45
(%)
Monocytes 2-8 2-5 0-5 0-5 3-10 2-8
(%)
Eoisinophils 2-18 2-15 1-10 1-8 2-10 0-5
(%)
Basophils 0-1 0-2 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-2
(%)
NORMAL BIOCHEMICAL VALUES
Cattle Buffalo Sheep Goat Dog Camel

Creatinine 0.5-1.9 0.5-1.2 0.8-1.9 0.8-1.6 0.5-1.5 0.5-1.5
(mg/dl)
BUN (mg/dl) 8-25 6-27 10-25 10-25 8-25 -------
SGPT 7-35.1 7-25 15-44.7 15-50.3 8-58 3-14

(unit/L)
SGOT 45-110 45-90 45-125 65-240 10-45 50-100
(unit/L)
NORMAL RESTING RESPIRATORY RATES
Animals Respiratory Rates (Breaths/minute)

Horse 10-14
Calf 25-55
Cattle/ Buffalo 10-40
Sheep/ Goat 10-30
Dog 15-30
Cat 16-40
Rabbit 30-60
Pig 10-30
Camel 5-20
7
NORMAL RECTAL TEMPERATURES (0F)
Animals Tem. (Fahrenheit)
Foal 99.5-101.5
Horse 99-101
Young Calf 100-103.5
Cattle 100-102.5
Buffalo 99.5-102.2
Lamb (Sheep) 102-104.9
Sheep (Adult) 102 -104
Kid (Goat) 101.5-105.2
Goat (Adult) 101.5-104.5
Dog (Small breed) 101.5-102.5
Dog (Large breed) 99.5-101.5
Cat 100-102.5
Rabbit 101-103
Piglet 102-104
Pig (Adult) 100-102
Guinea pig 99.5-103
Camel 96-101.5
Fowl 105-109.4
NORMAL PULSE RATES (Beats/minute)
Animals Pulse Rate (beats/minute)
Horse 28-40
Colt (Yearling) 70-80
Cattle 50-80
Calves (Young) 100-120
Sheep/ Goat 70-90
Pig 70-120
Large dog 65-90
Small dog 90-120
Cat 110-130
Rabbit 120-350
Camel 25-50
Fowl 120-160
SITES OF PULSE PALPATION IN DIFFERENT ANIMAL SPECIES
Animal Arteries Animal Arteries
The facial artery

(External maxillary artery) Dog, cat, sheep, The femoral artery
goat, small pig
Horse Transverse facial artery and young calf
The median artery
The great metatarsal artery
Ventral coccygeal artery

Large pigs Ventral coccygeal artery
The median artery
Cattle/Buffalo
Transverse facial artery
The facial artery

(External maxillary artery)
8
SOME IMPORTANT MEDICINAL DRUGS
Common Antibiotic Drugs:

β-Lactam antibiotics-
(Penicillins, Monobactams, Carbapenems, cephalosporins and cephamycins)
Penicillins- Amoxicillin, Ampicillin, Carbenicillin, Cloxacillin, Dicloxacillin,
Penicillin G, Penicillin V, Piperacillin, Ticarcillin.
Monobactams- Aztreonam.
Carbapenems- Imipenem, Doripenem, Meropenem, Ertapenem, Faropenem.
Cephalosporins and Cephamycins- Cephalothin, Cephapirin, Cefadroxil, Cefazolin,
Cefalexin, Cefaclor, Cefuroxime, Ceftiofur, Cefixime, Cefoperazone, Cefotaxime,
Ceftazidime, Ceftizoxime, Cefovecin, Ceftriaxone, Cefepime, Ceftobiprole.
Aminoglycosides- Streptomycin, Gentamicin, Amikacin, Neomycin, Kanamycin, Netilmicin,
Tobramycin, Apramycin, Spectinomycin.
Glycopeptides- Vancomycin, Telavancin, Dalbavancin.
Lincosamides- Clindamycin, Lincomycin.
Macrolides- Erythromycin, Oleandomycin, Troleandomycin, Azithromycin, Gamithromycin,
Clarithromycin, , Roxithromycin, Spiramycin, Tylosin, Tilmicosin.
Polypeptides/Polymyxins- Bacitracin, Colistin, Polymyxin B, Polymyxin E.
Bacitracins- Bacitracin A.
Quinolones/Fluoroquinolone- Enrofloxacin, Ciprofloxacin, Orbifloxacin, Pefloxacin,
Marbofloxacin, Levofloxacin, Moxifloxacin, Ofloxacin, Norfloxacin, Enoxacin, Nalidixic acid.
Sulfonamides- Sulfacetamide, Sulfathiazole, Sulfamerazine, Sulfadiazine, Silver sulfadiazine,
Sulfamethoxazole, Sulfanilimide, Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole,
Sulfadimidine/Sulfamethazine, Sulfi-soxazole/Sulfafurazole, Sulfasomidine, Sulfaguanidine.
Tetracyclines- Tetracycline, Rolitetracycline, Methacycline, Minocycline, Doxycycline,
Oxytetracycline, Chlortetracycline, Demethylchlortetracycline.
Chloramphenicol and Congeners- Chloramphenicol, Thiamphenicol, Florfenicol.
Rifamycins- Rifamycin SV, Rifampin/Rifampicin, Rifamide.
Antimycobacterial Antibiotics- Ethambutol, Ethionamide, Isoniazid, Pyrazinamide,
Rifampicin, Rifabutin, Rifapentine, Streptomycin.
Nitrofurans- Nitrofurantoin, Nitrofurazone, Furazolidone, Nifuraldezone, Nifurprazine,
Furaltadone.
Nitroimidazoles- Metronidazole, Tinidazole, Nimorazole, Flunidazole and Ronidazole.
Common Anti-rickettsial Drugs:

Drugs to Treat Q fever- Doxycycline, Tetracycline, Chloramphenicol, Ciprofloxacin,
Ofloxacin, Hydroxychloroquine, Co-trimoxazole.
Drugs to Treat Anaplasmosis- Tetracycline drugs like Tetracycline, Chlortetracycline,
Oxytetracycline, Rolitetracycline, Doxycycline, Minocycline etc., Imidocarb, Rifampin.
Common Antiviral Drugs:

Idoxuridine (0.1-0.5 % Ophthalmic Solution), Trifluridine (1% Ophthalmic Solution),
Vidarabine, Acyclovir, Ganciclovir, Ribavirin, Zidovudine, Amantadine, Rimantadine,
Interferon α-2.
9
Common Antifungal Drugs:
Amphotericin B, Nystatin, Pimaricin/Natamycin, Thiabendazole, Clotrimazole, Miconazole,
Econazole, Ketoconazole, Itraconazole, Fluconazole, Enilconazole, Flucytosine, Griseofulvin,
Sodium and Potassium iodide, Tincture of iodine, Iodophors, Copper preparations (Copper
sulfate, Copper naphthenate, Cuprimyxin), Sulfur preparations (Monosulfiram, Benzoyl
disulfide), Phenols (Phenol, Thymol), Fatty acids and salts (Propionates, Undecylenates),
Organic acids (Benzoic acid, Salicylic acids), Dyes (Crystal/gentian violet, Carbolfuchsin),
Hydroxyquinolines (Iodochlorhydroxyquin), Nitrofurans (Nitrofuroxine, Nitrofurfurylmethyl
ether), Amorolfine, Terbinafine.
Common Antiprotozoal Drugs:

Anticoccidial Drugs- Sulphonamides e.g.- Sulfadimethoxime, Sulfaquinoxaline with
Trimethoprim, Sulfadimidine, Sulfamethoxypyridazone etc., Ionophores e.g.- Monensin,
Maduramicin, Narasin, Salinomycin, Lasalocid etc., Amprolium, Nicarbazine,
Diaclazuril/Clazuril, Robenidine, Halofuginone.
Drugs to Treat Toxoplasmosis- Decoquinate, Atovaquone, Monesin,
Clindamycin/Lincosamide, Spiramycin, Sulfa drugs e.g.- Sulfadiazine + Pyrimethamine.
Drugs to Treat Cryptosporidiosis- Halofuginone, Paromomycin sulfate, Atovaquone,
Nitazoxanide, Azithromycin.
Drugs to Treat Giardiasis- Fenbendazole, Albendazole, A combination of Praziquantel,
Pyrantel and Febantel, Metronidazole, Tinidazole, Furazolidone.
Drugs to Treat Amebiasis- Iodoquinol, Paromomycin, Diloxanide furoate, Metronidazole,
Tinidazole, Furazolidone, Camoform.
Drugs to Treat Histomoniasis- Dimetronidazole, Nifursol, Nitarsone, Ronidazole,
Ipronidazole.
Drugs to Treat Trichomoniasis- Metronidazole, Tinidazole, Ornidazole, Secnidazole,
Hamycin, Niridazole, Nitazoxanide.
Drugs to Treat Trypanosomiasis- Diminazine salts like Diminazine aceturate/Berenil,
Homidium bromide, Homidium chloride, Isometamidium chloride, Quinapyramine sulfate/
Antrycide, Quinapyramine dimethylsulfate, Quinapyramine prosalt, Suramin, Melarsomine
dichlorhydrate, Pyrithidium bromide.
Drugs to Treat Leishmaniosis- Antimonial compounds like sodium stibogluconate and
meglumine antimoniate, N-methylglucamine antimoniate, Allopurinol, Miltefosine,
Paromomycin, Amphotericin B.
Drugs to Treat Theileriosis- Parvaquone, Bupravaquone, Halofuginone, Diminazine
aceturate/Berenil.
Drugs to Treat Babesiois- Diminazene aceturate/Berenil, Imidocarb dipropionate,
Tetracyclines, Amicarbalide, Pentamidine isethionate, Triclosan, Nerolidol, Atovaquone.
Common Anthelmintic Drugs:

 Benzimidazoles:
o Albendazole– Effective against threadworms, roundworms, whipworms, tapeworms,
hookworms.
o Mebendazole– Effective against pinworms, roundworms and hookworms.
o Thiabendazole– Effective against roundworms, hookworms.
o Fenbendazole– Effective against gastrointestinal parasites.
o Triclabendazole– Effective against liver flukes.
10
o Flubendazole – Effective against most intestinal parasites.
 Macrocyclic Lactones (Avermectins like Ivermectin, Abamectin, Doramectin, Eprinomectin
and Selamectin etc. and Milbemycins like milbemycin oxime and moxidectin)
o Abamectin– Effective against most common intestinal worms, except tapeworms, for
which praziquantel is commonly used in conjunction with abamectin.
o Ivermectin– Effective against most common internal parasites (except tapeworms).
 Salicylanilides-
o Niclosamide– Effective against tapeworms.
o Brotianide, Clioxanide, Closantel, Oxyclozanide, Rafoxanide- Effective mainly
against adult stages of liver flukes (fasciolosis) and haemonchosis in sheep, goat and
cattle.
 Tetrahydropyrimidines (eg. Pyrantel pamoate)– Effective against most nematode infections.
 Imidazothiazoles- (eg. Tetramisole, Levamisole etc.)- Effective against
gastrointestinal roundworms.
 Praziquantel and epsiprantel– Highly effective against cestodes (i.e., tapeworms), some
trematodes.
 Cyclic Octadepsipeptides (e.g. Emodepside)– Effective against a variety of gastrointestinal
helminthes like trichostrongyles, ascarids, hookworms, whipworms, Trichuris, large and small
strongyles, and lungworms.
 Aminoacetonitrile derivatives (e.g., Monepantel)- Effective against a variety of
gastrointestinal roundworms including those resistant to other anthelmintic classes.
 Spiroindoles (e.g. Derquantel)- Effective against a range of gastrointestinal roundworms
including those resistant to other anthelmintic classes.
 Pelletierine sulphate- Effective against diverse tapeworms and nematodes.
 Piperazine- Effective against ascarid parasites in all animal species (including people). The
safety margin is wide.
 Diethylcarbamazine (DEC), a derivative of piperazine- Effective against nematodes like
heartworm prevention in dogs, Dictyocaulus viviparous etc.
 Clorsulon- Effective against liver flukes.
 Bunamidine- Effective against tapeworms.
 Nitroscanate- Effective against Toxocara, Toxascaris, Taenia, Dipylidium, Ancylostoma,
Uncinaria, and Echinococcus spp.
Common Analgesic Drugs: Paracetamol/Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Carprofen, Dipyrone, Flunixin

meglumine, Ibuprofen, Indomethacin, Ketoprofen, Meclofenamic acid, Naproxen, Phenylbutazone,
Opioid drugs such as morphine, Codeine and oxycodone.
Common Antipyretic Drugs:

o NSAIDs such as Ibuprofen, Naproxen, Ketoprofen, and Nimesulide.
o Aspirin, and related salicylates such as choline salicylate, magnesium salicylate, and sodium
salicylate.
o Acetaminophen (Paracetamol) and Metamizole/Analgin/Vetalgin.
Common Anti-inflammatory Drugs:

 Corticosteroids- Hydrocortisone (Cortisol), Prednisone, Prednisolone, Methylprednisolone,
Fludrocortisone, Isoflupredone, Triamcinolone, Triamcinolone acetonide, Dexamethasone,
Betamethasone and Flumethasone.
11
 Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)- Aspirin, Acetaminophen (Paracetamol
weak anti-inflammatory activity), Phenylbutazone, Meclofenamic acid, Tolfenamic acid,
Flunixin (as the meglumine salt), Carprofen, Ketoprofen, Etodolac, Vedaprofen, Meloxicam,
Deracoxib, Firocoxib, Robenacoxib, Mavacoxib, Tepoxalin.
Common Drugs Having Analgesic, Antipyretic and Anti-inflammatory Properties-

Metamizole/Analgin/Vetalgin, Meloxicam, Ketoprofen, Phenylbutazone etc.
Common Anti-allergic Drugs:

 Antihistamines:
H1-receptor antagonists- Pheniramine, Chlorpheniramine, Brompheniramine,
Dexchlorpheniramine, Clemastine, Diphenhydramine, Hydroxyzine, Promethazine, Cetirizine,
Levocetirizine, Loratadine, Desloratadine.
 Mast Cell Stabilizers- Azelastine, Cromolyn, Lodoxamide, Ketotifen, Nedocromil,
Olopatadine and Pemirolast.
 Anti-inflammatory Corticosteroids- Betamethasone, Dexamethasone, Flumethasone
Prednisone, Prednisolone, Methylprednisolone, Hydrocortisone, Triamcinolone.
 Immune-Modulators- Cyclosporine
 Emergency treatment: Epinephrine along with an antihistamine.
Common Drugs Used to Stimulate Appetite: B vitamin preparations, Glucocorticoids,

Benzodiazepines, Cyproheptadine, Mirtazapine, Megestrol Acetate etc.
Common Drugs for Treatment of Gastric Acidity:

 Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs)- Oomeprazole, Lansoprazole, Pantoprazole, Esomeprazole,
Rabeprazole
 H2-receptor antagonists- Cimetidine, Ranitidine, Famotidine, Lafutidine, Nizatidine,
Roxatidine, Tiotidine.
 Antacids- Absorbable (Na bicarbonate, Ca carbonate) and Non-absorbable (Aluminum
hydroxide, Mg hydroxide).
 Prostaglandins- Misoprostol
 Sucralfate (Sucrose-Aluminum Complex)
Common Antidiarrheal Drugs: Activated charcoal, Aminopentamide, Bismuth subsalicylate,

Diphenoxylate, Isopropamide, Kaolin-pectin, Loperamide, Paregoric, Propantheline.
Common Purgative Drug Used to Relieve Constipation:

 Cathartics (a substance that accelerates defecation)- Stimulant (irritant) Cathartics like
Emodins (eg, senna), Vegetable Oils like Castor oil, Raw linseed oil, Phenolphthalein and
Bisacodyl. Hyperosmotic Cathartics like Magnesium sulfate (Epsom salts), Magnesium
Hydroxide (milk of magnesia), Sodium Biphosphate or Sodium Phosphate Enemas, Sugar
Alcohols such as Mannitol and Sorbitol; Lactulose.
 Laxatives/Aperients (Substances which loosen/eases defecation, usually by softening feces by
by increasing the water content of feces or the amount of non-digestible material in the
intestines; It is possible for a substance to be both a laxative and a cathartic)- Bulk-forming
laxatives, also known as roughage, are substances, such as fiber in food and hydrophilic agents
in over-the-counter drugs, that add bulk and water to stools so that they can pass more easily
12
through the intestines like Dietary fiber, Metamucil, Citrucel, FiberCon; Emodin,
Phenolphthalein, Bisacodyl/Dulcolax (Stimulant Laxative), Vegetable Oils like Castor oil,
Raw linseed oil, Lubricant Laxatives like Glycerin, Mineral Oil and White Petroleum;
Emollient Laxatives like Dioctyl Sodium Sulfosuccinate (DSS), Disoctyl Calcium
Sulfosuccinate, Docusate Sodium, Docusate Calcium and Docusate Potassium; Hyperosmotic
Laxatives like Lactulose, Macrogols, Magnesium Salts (eg, Magnesium Citrate, Magnesium
Hydroxide, Magnesium Sulfate), Sodium Phosphate and Sodium Citrate Enemas and the
Polyethylene Glycols; Bulk Laxatives like Methylcellulose, Psyllium, Prunes, Wheat Bran and
Canned Pumpkin; Faecal Softeners for example Arachis (peanut) Oil Enemas, Liquid Paraffin,
Colace, Surfak etc.
Common Astringents: (Any drug/chemical compound that is known to cause body tissues to
shrink/constrict/contract)- Tannic acid, Gallic Acid, Zinc Oxide, Zinc Sulfate, Zinc Chloride, Tincture
of Benzoin, Acetic Acid (0.25-0.50 %), 0.25 % Solution of Silver Nitrate, 1:1000 to 1:30000 Solution
of Potassium Permanganate, Alum, Very Cold Water.
Common Emetic Drugs: Syrup of Ipecac, Apomorphine, Hydrogen peroxide, Salt, Xylazine.
Common Anti-emetic Drugs: Acepromazine, Chlorpromazine, Prochlorperazine, Promethazine,

Isopropamide, Propantheline, Dimenhydrinate, Diphenhydramine, Cyclizine, Butorphanol, Meclizine,
Metoclopramide, Ondansetron, Granisetron, Dolasetron, Maropitant.
Common Drugs for Ruminal Tympany/Bloat: Simethicone/Polymerized Methyl Silicone,

Poloxalene, Dioctyl Sodium Sulfosuccinate/Docusate Sodium in Emulsified Soybean Oil or
Administration of Vegetable Oils alone, such as Peanut Oil, Sunflower Oil, or Soybean Oil, Mineral
Oils (Paraffins) and Monensin.
Common Antispasmodic Drugs:

 Smooth Muscle Spasmolytics- N-Butylscopolammonium Bromide, Aminopentamide,
Hyoscyamine, Scopolamine, Methscopolamine, Dicyclomine, Atropine Sulfate, Phenobarbital,
Mepenzolate, Metamizole/Analgin/Vetalgin, Propantheline, Clidinium/Chlordiazepoxide,
Mebeverine, Papaverine.
 Skeletal Muscle Spasmolytics (Skeletal Muscle Relaxants)- Cyclobenzaprine, Carisoprodol,
Orphenadrine, Tizanidine, Baclofen and Dantrolene, Methocarbamol, Guaifenesin, Diazepam,
Phenytoin.
Common Drug for Acute or Chronic Liver Disease: Silymarin, N-acetylcysteine (NAC) for
acetaminophen overdose.
Commonly Used Drugs for Cardiovascular Diseases: Amrinone, Amlodipine, Aspirin

(Antiplatelet/Prevent Blood Clot), Atenolol, Propranolol, Benazepril, Boldenone Undecylenate,
Carvedilol, Dalteparin, Desmopressin, Diltiazem, Cardizem® CD, Dilacor XR®, Digoxin, Dobutamine,
Dopamine, Enalapril, Enoxaparin, Epoetin Alfa, Folic Acid, Heparin, Hydralazine, Iron
(Dextrans/Ferrous Sulfate), Lidocaine, Mexiletine, Nandrolone Decanoate, Nitroglycerin Ointment,
Nitroprusside, Oxymetholone, Phenytoin, Pimobendan, Procainamide, Propranolol, Quinidine Sulfate,
Quinidine Gluconate, Tocainide, Spironolactone, Vitamin B12 , Warfarin Sodium, Furosemide,
Chlorthiazide.
13
Common Antihemorrhagic/Hemostatic Drugs: Antifibrinolytics (Aminocaproic Acid and
Tranexamic Acid), Fibrinogen, Vitamin K, Microfibrillar Collagen Hemostat, Chitosan Hemostats,
Styptics (Cause hemostasis by contracting blood vessels- Anhydrous Aluminium Sulfate).
Commonly Used Drugs For Diseases of Respiratory System:

 Antitussive Drugs (Medicine used to suppress or relieve coughing)- Codeine, Hydrocodone,
Dextromethorphan, Butorphanol.
 Bronchodilators (Treatment of bronchoconstrictive respiratory tract diseases)- Epinephrine,
Isoproterenol, Terbutaline, Albuterol, Clenbuterol, Theophylline, Aminophylline, Sodium
Cromoglycate, Atropine, Glycopyrrolate, N-butylscopolammonium bromide, Glucocorticoids
like Prednisone, Prednisolone, Methylprednisolone Acetate, Prednisone Sodium Succinate,
Dexamethasone, Flumethasone, Isoflupredone, Cyproheptadine.
 Expectorants/ Mucolytics- Ammonium Chloride, Ammonium Carbonate, Potassium Iodide,
Calcium Iodide, And Ethylenediamine Dihydroiodide, Guaifenesin (Glyceryl Guaiacolate), N-
acetylcysteine, Dembrexine.
 Decongestant- α-Adrenergic Agonist Drugs topically as nasal decongestants in allergic and
viral rhinitis, or systemically in combination with antihistamines as respiratory tract
decongestants, eg. Oxymetazoline, Ephedrine, Levomethamphetamine, Naphazoline,
Phenylephrine, Phenylpropanolamine, Propylhexedrine, Synephrine, Tetrahydrozoline,
Xylometazoline, Pseudoephedrine, Tramazoline.
 Respiratory Stimulant- Doxapram, Almitrine and Methylxanthines like Theophylline,
Aminophylline, Theobromine, Caffeine.
Commonly Used Drugs For Neurologic Diseases:

 Anticonvulsant/Antiepileptic/Antiseizure Drugs- Diazepam, Phenobarbital, Sodium
Pentobarbital, Propofol, Phenytoin, Mephenytoin, Bromide (Potassium Salt), Bromide
(Sodium Salt), Clonazepam, Lorazepam, Midazolam, Clorazepate, Felbamate, Gabapentin,
Levetiracetam, Topiramate, Valproic Acid, Zonisamide, Primidone, Carbamazepine,
Chlorazepate Dipotassium, Topiramate.
 Tranquilizers/Sedatives- Diazepam, Midazolam, Azaperone, Acepromazine maleate,
Chlorpromazine hydrochloride, Promazine hydrochloride, Triflupromazine hydrochloride
 Analgesics- Buprenorphine, Butorphanol Tartrate, Medetomidine, Meperidine Hydrochloride,
Morphine sulfate, Nalbuphine, Oxymorphone Hydrochloride, Pentazocine Lactate, Xylazine
Hydrochloride, Detomidine, Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Carprofen, Dipyrone, Flunixin
meglumine, Ibuprofen, Indomethacin, Ketoprofen, Meclofenamic Acid, Naproxen,
Phenylbutazone.
 Psychotropic Agents-
o Anxiolytics- Diazepam, Alprazolam, Oxazepam, Clorazepate, Clonazepam, Buspirone.
o Antipsychotics- Acepromazine, Chlorpromazine, Thioridazine Hydrochloride,
Haloperidol, Fluphenazine, Trifluoperazine Hydrochloride, Prochlorperazine,
Thiothixene, Risperidone.
o Mood Stabilizers- Lithium, Carbamazepine and Valproic Acid.
o Antidepressants- Amitriptyline, Imipramine, Clomipramine, Doxepin, Fluoxetine,
Sertraline, Paroxetine and Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors like Selegiline.
14
Commonly Used Drugs For Diseases of Urinary System:
 Diuretics- Furosemide, Hydrochlorothiazide, Chlorothiazide, Spironolactone, Amiloride,
Triamterene, Mannitol, Dimethyl Sulfoxide, Urea, Glycerol, Isosorbide, Potassium Acetate.
 Drugs for Central, or Pituitary-Dependent, Diabetes Insipidus- Desmopressin Acetate,
Chlorothiazide.
 Urinary Antispasmodics- Darifenacin, Emepronium, Fesoterodine, Flavoxate, Imidafenacin,
Meladrazine, Mirabegron, Oxybutynin, Propiverine, Solifenacin, Terodiline, Tolterodine,
Trospium Chloride.
 Urinary Alkaliser - Potassium Citrate, Sodium Citrate, Magnesium Citrate, Citric Acid,
Potassium Acetate, Sodium Bicarbonate, Acetazolamide.
 Urinary Acidifiers- Ammonium chloride, Calcium Chloride, DL-Methionine.
 Anti-Urolithic/Litholytic Agents/Drugs (An agent that dissolves calculi)-
o Uric Acid Calculi: Potassium Citrate, Sodium Citrate, Citric Acid, Acetohydroxamic
Acid, Allopurinol.
o Struvite Stones: Urinary Acidifiers, Acetohydroxamic Acid.
o Cystine Calculi/Cystinuria: Potassium Citrate, Citric Acid, Tiopronin (N-(2-
mercaptoproprionyl)-glycine (2-MPG) and D-Penicillamine.
o Calcium Oxalate Calculi: Potassium Citrate, Sodium Citrate, Citric Acid, Vitamin B6
and/or Thiazide Diuretics, Chlorothiazide Diuretics, Allopurinol, Cellulose Sodium
Phosphate.
o Calcium Phosphate Calculi: Potassium Citrate, Sodium Citrate, Citric Acid, Thiazide
Diuretics.
o Herbal/Ayurvedic Medicines: Cystone Tablets, Culdisol Tablets, StonOff ® capsules,
Gokshura Powder, Varuna Powder, Shilajit Powder, Nilstone, Punarnava Capsules,
Divya Vrikkdoshhar Vati.
 Drugs Used to Treat Urinary Incontinence- Diethylstilbestrol, Phenylpropanolamine,
Ephedrine, Pseudoephedrine, Phenylephrine Testosterone Propionate, Testosterone Cypionate.
 For Disorders of Micturition/Urine Retention- Phenoxybenzamine, Diazepam, Bethanechol
Chloride.
Common Emollients: Glycerine, Propylene Glycol, Paraffin, Mineral Oil, Wax etc.
Common Anti-Pruritic Drugs:

Glucocorticoids- Glucocorticoids are the most effective drugs in the management of pruritus.
However, they cannot be used safely for longterm management because of adverse effects (eg.
suppression of adrenal function, risk of development of diabetes mellitus, risk of secondary
urinary tract infections). Eg. Topical spray formulations of triamcinolone acetate are highly
effective and good alternatives to oral steroids.
Other Systemic Antipruritic Agents- Modified Cyclosporine, Oclacitinib.
Common Keratolytic Agents: Benzoyl Peroxide, Salicylic Acid, Sulfur, Resorcinol, Urea, Azelaic
Acid, Glycolic Acid.
Common Antiseborrheic Agents: (A number of medications are able to control seborrheic dermatitis
including: antifungals, topical corticosteroids and keratolytics such as topical urea). eg. Selenium
Sulfide, Zinc Pyrithinone, Corticosteroids, Imidazole Antifungals (Clotrimazole, Econazole,
Miconazole, Ketoconazole and Tioconazole), Resorcinol and Salicylic Acid.
15
Common Ectoparasiticidal Drugs/Agents:
 Organochlorine- DDT, DDE, DDD, Chlordane, Aldrin, Dieldrin, Hepatochlor, Endrin,
Tozaphene and Benzene Hexachloride (BHC).
 Organophosphates and Carbamates- Coumaphos, Diazinon, Dichlorvos, Famphur,
Fenthion, Malathion, Trichlorfon, Stirofos, Phosmet, Propetamphos, Carbaryl and Propoxur.
 Pyrethrins and Synthetic Pyrethroids- Flumethrin, Pyrethrin I and II, Bioallethrin,
Cypermethrin, Deltamethrin, Fenvalerate, Flumethrin, Lambdacyhalothrin, Phenothrin, and
Permethrin.
 Macrocyclic Lactones (Avermectins and Milbemycins)- Avermectins (Abamectin, Dora-
Mectin, Eprinomectin, Ivermectin and Selamectin); and Milbemycins (Moxidectin and
Milbemycin Oxime).
 Formamidines- Amitraz
 Chloronicotinyls and Spinosyns- Imidacloprid, Spinosad.
 Insect Growth Regulators- Chitin synthesis inhibitors (Benzoylphenyl Ureas like
Diflubenzuron, Flufenoxuron and Fluazuron), chitin inhibitors (Triazine derivatives-
Cyromazine/Pyrimidine derivatives- Dicyclanil) and juvenile hormone analogs like
Methoprene.
 Miscellaneous Compounds- Piperonyl Butoxide, Cinerins, Pyrethrins, Jasmolins, Citronella,
Indalone, Garlic Oil, MGK-264, Butoxypolypropylene-Glycol, DEET and DMP
(Dimethylphthalate).
 Biological Control- Bacillus thuringiensis has been used on sheep for the prevention of
blowfly strike and body lice. The use of fungal pathogens such as Metarhizium anisopliae has
also been investigated for the control of ticks on livestock and mites on cattle and sheep.
Common Antiseptics and Disinfectants:

 Antiseptics- Boric Acid, 0.25%, 1% and 5% Acetic Acid, 70% Ethanol, 50% Isopropanol, 0.1
% to 4% Chlorhexidine, Hydrogen Peroxide, 0.001–0.5% Peracetic Acid, Sodium Perborate,
Benzoyl Peroxide, 0.01% Potassium permanganate, Tincture of Iodine, Lugol's Solution,
Iodophores (eg, Povidone-iodine), Merbromin, Phenylmercuric Nitrate, 0.01-0.1% AgNO3
(Silver Nitrate), Hexachlorophene, Chloroxylenols, Acriflavine, Quaternary Ammonium
Compounds like Benzalkonium Chloride, Cetyl Trimethylammonium Bromide,
Cetylpyridinium Chloride and Benzethonium Chloride.
 Disinfectants- 2.5% HCl, Hydroxides of Sodium and Calcium, Hydrogen Peroxide, 0.01-1%
Potassium Permanganate, Chlorine, 2–5% NaOCl (Sodium Hypochlorite), Calcium
Hypochlorite, Phenol (carbolic acid), 2% Cresol “Lysol”, 1–10% Solution of Formaldehyde,
1–2% Solution of Glutaraldehyde, Orthophthaldehyde (OPA), Ethylene Oxide and Propylene
Oxide, Thymol.
Common Fluids:
 Crystalloids- Half-Normal Saline (0.45% NaCl), Normal Saline (0.9%), Lactated Ringer's
Solution, Dextrose (2.5% in 0.45% saline), 5% Dextrose in Water (D5W), Dextrose (10%) in
Water, 5% Dextrose in Normal Saline (D5NS), Hypertonic saline (3%, 7%, or 7.5%).
 Colloids- Natural Colloids (eg, Plasma, Albumin, or Whole Blood); Synthetic Colloids
(Dextrans, Hydroxyethyl Starch (HES) like HextendTM, VetStarchTM/VoluvenTM , HESPAN® , Hestar,
Tetrahes etc. and Stroma-Free Hemoglobin like Oxyglobin®).
16
VACCINATION
Some Important Points:
 Prior to vaccination, ectoparasitic burden should be lessened by spraying insecticides.

 Worm load should be controlled with appropriate anthelmintic one week before vaccination.
 Sufficient vitamins and minerals should be provided to make animal healthy since sound health
imbibes solid immunity.
 Vaccine should always be given to healthy animals/birds.
 A potent and safe vaccine of standard company should be used.
 Vaccine should be stored and transported at appropriate temperature.
o Anthrax/FMD/MD/RD/Fowl Pox/Brucella etc. vaccines should be stored at
temperature: 2-80C.
o Theileriosis vaccine should be stored in liquid nitrogen.
 Vaccination of all the animals/birds in a herd/flock should be done at a time.
 Vaccination should be done during cool hours of the day (morning/evening).
 Two different vaccines should not be mixed together while administering.
 Needles and syringes sterilized in boiling water should be used. Don’t use chemicals for
sterilization.
 Reconstituted vaccine should be used as early as possible i.e. within 2 hours and should be
stored in ice till vaccination is completed.
 Left over vaccine should not be stored and used.
 Record of source, kind and batch number of vaccine should be kept.
 Animal should not be subjected to excessive exertion for about a week after vaccination.
 Immunosuppressive drugs like corticosteroids should not be used prior to/or following
vaccination.
 Vaccination schedule (primary vaccination, booster dose) should be followed.
 Give antistress vitamins and antibiotics (to control secondary bacterial infection) to poultry 3
days before and after vaccination.
 Anaphylactic reactions may occur immediately after vaccination.
 Local inflammatory reactions usually occur with HS, BQ and ET vaccines.
 Systemic reaction viz., fever, anorexia, depression and drop in milk yield may occur with
Anthrax and Brucellosis vaccines.
 In advance pregnant animals, abortions may occur with Brucella and Bluetongue vaccine.
 Milk from vaccinated cows should be discarded for 72 hours after injecting Anthrax spore
vaccine.
 Syringes and needles used for injecting Anthrax spore vaccine should be sterilized in boiling
water for 1 hour.
 Anthrax spore vaccine and Brucella abortus strain 19 vaccine should be handled carefully at
the time of vaccination to avoid infection.
17
Prophylactic Vaccination Schedule for Cattle
Sr. Disease Schedule

No. Primary Vaccination Regular Revaccination
1. Foot and Mouth Disease 4 months Oil adjuvant: Annually
Booster: 2-4 weeks after Gel vaccine: Twice a year
primary vaccination (September and March)
2. Haemorrhagic Septicaemia 6 months and above Annually before monsoon
(May-June)
(Twice a year in endemic areas)
3. Black Quarter 6 months and above Annually before monsoon
(May-June)
4. Anthrax 6 months and above Annually in endemic areas
5. Brucellosis Only once at 4-8 months ------
of age in female calves
in problem herds
6. Infectious Bovine 4-6 weeks Annually
Rhinotracheitis (IBR) Booster: 3 months after
primary vaccination
7. Theileriosis 2 months and above Every 3 years
Prophylactic Vaccination Schedule for Sheep and Goat

No. Primary Vaccination Regular Revaccination
1. Anthrax 6 months and above Annually in endemic areas
2. Haemorrhagic Septicaemia 6 months and above Annually before monsoon
(May-June)
3. Enterotoxaemia  4 months and above if Annually before monsoon
dam is vaccinated (May-June)
 At 1 week if dam is Booster: 15 days after
unvaccinated primary and every regular
vaccination
4. Black Quarter 6 months and above Annually before monsoon
(May-June)
5. Peste des Petits Ruminants 3 months and above Every 3 years
6. Foot and Mouth Disease 4 months Twice a year
Booster: 2-4 weeks after primary (September and March)
vaccination
7. Sheep Pox 3 months Annually (December)
8. Goat Pox 3 months Annually (December)
9. Contagious Caprine 3 months Annually (January)
Pleuro-Pneumonia (CCPP)
18
Prophylactic Vaccination Schedule for Pet Animals (Dog and Cat)
Vaccination Schedule for Dog

No. Primary Booster Regular
Vaccination Vaccination Revaccination
1. Rabies 12-16 weeks 3-4 weeks after Annualy
primary vaccination
2. Canine Distemper (CD) 6-8 weeks -do- Annualy
3. Parvo-virus 6-8 weeks -do- Annualy
4. Para-influenza Virus 6-8 weeks -do- Annualy
5. Corona Virus 10-12 weeks -do- Annualy
6. Leptospirosis 10-12 weeks -do- Annualy
7. Infectious Canine Hepatitis 6-8 weeks -do- Annualy

(ICH)
8. Combined Canine Vaccines
i.) CD, Leptospirosis, ICH & 7 week and -do- Annualy
Rabies above
ii.) CD, Parvo-virus, Leptospirosis 8-9 weeks -do- Annualy
& ICH
iii.) CD, Parvo-virus, ICH & Para- 9-12 weeks -do- Annualy
influenza
Vaccination Schedule for Cat
1. Rabies 12-16 weeks 4 weeks after Annualy

primary vaccination
2. FVRCP Core Vaccine 6-8 weeks 4 weeks after Annualy

(Combined) primary vaccination
o Feline Viral
Rhinotracheitis (FVR),
o Feline Calici Virus
(FCV)
o Feline Panleukopenia
Virus (FPV)
3. Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV) 10-12 weeks 4 weeks after Annualy

primary vaccination
19
Prophylactic Vaccination Schedule for Poultry (Layers and Broilers)
Vaccination Schedule for Layers
Sr. No. Disease Schedule

Primary Vaccination Booster Vaccination
1. Marek’s Disease Day old chick ---
2. Ranikhet Disease
a) LaSota 1st week (4-7 days) 4th-5th week
b) R2B 8th week 18th week
3. Gumboro Disease nd rd
2 -3 week 18th-20th week
4. Infectious Bronchitis 4th week 16th week
5. Fowl Pox 6th week 14th-16th week
6. Infectious Coryza 8th week 12th week
7. Fowl Cholera 8th week 12th week
8. Spirochaetosis Above 6 week ---
9. Egg Drop Syndrome 15th-18th week ---
Vaccination Schedule for Broilers
1. Marek’s Disease Day old chick ---
2. Ranikhet Disease- LaSota 1st week (4-7 days) 4th-5th week
3. Gumboro Disease 2nd-3rd week ---
20
DEWORMING
Deworming Schedule for Cattle and Buffaloes
Type of Worms Deworming Schedule
 First dose at 10 days of age and thereafter at monthly interval up to 6

1. Roundworms months
 Thrice a year in animals above 6 months of age
 Twice in a year in endemic areas (before and after monsoon)

2. Liver Flukes
 Twice a year i.e. in January and June in calves in problem herds

3. Tapeworms
Deworming Schedule for Dog/Cat
Puppies
o Every 2 weeks until 3 months of age, starting at 2 weeks old.
o Once a month from 3 to 6 months of age
o After 6 months, follow adult recommendations. Also after six months, use a heartworm
preventative medication that is effective against hookworms and roundworms.
Kittens
o Every 2 weeks until 3 months of age, starting at 3 weeks old.
o Once a month from 3 to 6 months of age.
o After 6 months, follow adult recommendations.
Adult Dogs and Cats

o Treat regularly, considering potential exposure to parasites (Four times a year i.e. every 3
months from 6 months old onward for life-time)
o A continued surveillance of parasite prevalence in your area is recommended.
Bitches and Queens

o Once prior to mating
o Once 2 weeks before whelping/queening
o Lactating bitches and queens should be treated concurrently with puppies and kittens.
Newly Acquired Animals

o Obtain the deworming history of the new pet from previous owner.
o Worm immediately; then repeat after 2 weeks, then follow guidelines given above.
21
INDEX (VCP–511)
Sr. No. Content Page No. Date Remark
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
Signature (Course Teacher)

22
Sr. No. …………
CASE RECORD
Registration No.-…………………………. Date-…………………………
Name of Owner-…………………………………………… Address-…………………………………..
Contact No.-………………………………………….. Email Id.-………………………………………
Animal Species-……………………. Breed-……….……. Sex-….…. Age-………. Weight-………...
History:
Clinical Findings:
Temperature (0F):................................. Pulse (bpm):………………… Respiration (/min):……………
Laboratory Investigations Advised:

Sample:
1. Blood/Serum: 2. Milk:
3. Faeces: 4. Urine:
5. Skin scraping: 6. Other:
Special Investigation:
Hematological/Biochemical/Microscopic/Radiological/Ultrasonography/FNAB (Fine Needle
Aspiration Biopsy)/ABST/ECG/EEG/Endoscopy
Tentative/Confirmative Diagnosis:
Date Observation/Remark Treatment
23
Sr. No. …………
CASE RECORD
History:
Clinical Findings:

Sample:
24
Sr. No. …………
CASE RECORD
History:
Clinical Findings:

Sample:
25
Sr. No. …………
CASE RECORD
History:
Clinical Findings:

Sample:
26
Sr. No. …………
CASE RECORD
History:
Clinical Findings:

Sample:
27
Sr. No. …………
CASE RECORD
History:
Clinical Findings:

Sample:
28
Sr. No. …………
CASE RECORD
History:
Clinical Findings:

Sample:
29
Sr. No. …………
CASE RECORD
History:
Clinical Findings:

Sample:
30
Sr. No. …………
CASE RECORD
History:
Clinical Findings:

Sample:
31
Sr. No. …………
CASE RECORD
History:
Clinical Findings:

Sample:
32
Sr. No. …………
CASE RECORD
History:
Clinical Findings:

Sample:
33
Sr. No. …………
CASE RECORD
History:
Clinical Findings:

Sample:
34
Sr. No. …………
CASE RECORD
History:
Clinical Findings:

Sample:
35
Sr. No. …………
CASE RECORD
History:
Clinical Findings:

Sample:
36
Sr. No. …………
CASE RECORD
History:
Clinical Findings:

Sample:
37
Sr. No. …………
CASE RECORD
History:
Clinical Findings:

Sample:
38
Sr. No. …………
CASE RECORD
History:
Clinical Findings:

Sample:
39
Sr. No. …………
CASE RECORD
History:
Clinical Findings:

Sample:
40
Sr. No. …………
CASE RECORD
History:
Clinical Findings:

Sample:
41
Sr. No. …………
CASE RECORD
History:
Clinical Findings:

Sample:
42
Sr. No. …………
CASE RECORD
History:
Clinical Findings:

Sample:
43
Sr. No. …………
CASE RECORD
History:
Clinical Findings:

Sample:
44
Sr. No. …………
CASE RECORD
History:
Clinical Findings:

Sample:
45
Sr. No. …………
CASE RECORD
History:
Clinical Findings:

Sample:
46
Sr. No. …………
CASE RECORD
History:
Clinical Findings:

Sample:
47

VCP-511 (Medicine)

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

You might also like

VCP-511 (Medicine)

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

VCP-511 (Medicine)

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

MANUAL

VETERINARY CLINICAL PRACTICE

Dr. PRADEEP KUMAR SHARMA Dr. P. R. PATEL

DEPARTMENT OF VETERINARY MEDICINE

ARAWALI VETERINARY COLLEGE

VETERINARY CLINICAL PRACTICE

NAME OF STUDENT : ………………………………….

ROLL NO. : ………………………………….

REG. NO. : ………………………………….

DEPARTMENT OF VETERINARY MEDICINE

ARAWALI VETERINARY COLLEGE

THIS IS TO CERTIFY THAT THIS MANUAL FOR VETERINARY

HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT COURSE TEACHER

 The student should record minimum 25 cases per semester in veterinary

The case recording of a patient should include the following information.

i. Name and address of Doctor

ii. Name and address of owner

iii. Case no.

iv. Date of entry and exit

vi. Classification of case: Medical/ Surgical/ Gynaecological/ Vetero-legal/ Ambulatory/

(2) HISTORY OF CASE:

ii. Past history:

(3) OBSERVATION OF CASE:

(4) INSPECTION OF CASE:

Systemic examination (From head to tail):

Palpation, percussion, auscultation, temperature, pulse, respiration, per-rectal

ECG, EEG, X-ray, skin allergic test, Opthalmoscopy, Ferroscopy, Bronchoscopy,

(5) LABORATORY INVESTIGATION:

Collect suitable samples:

Physical, microscopic, biochemical, cultural, biological, serological, toxicological,

ii. Clinical findings

iii. Laboratory findings

iv. Test therapy

iv. Care and management

(8) ADVICE TO OWNER

(9) SIGNATURE OF CLINICIAN

Cattle Buffalo Sheep Goat Dog Camel

Neutrophils 15-45 15-55 10-50 30-50 60-70 50-68

NORMAL BIOCHEMICAL VALUES

Cattle Buffalo Sheep Goat Dog Camel

SGPT 7-35.1 7-25 15-44.7 15-50.3 8-58 3-14

NORMAL RESTING RESPIRATORY RATES

Animals Respiratory Rates (Breaths/minute)

The facial artery

The great metatarsal artery

Ventral coccygeal artery

The facial artery

Common Antibiotic Drugs:

Common Anti-rickettsial Drugs:

Common Antiviral Drugs:

Common Antiprotozoal Drugs:

Common Anthelmintic Drugs:

Common Analgesic Drugs: Paracetamol/Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Carprofen, Dipyrone, Flunixin

Common Antipyretic Drugs:

Common Anti-inflammatory Drugs:

Common Drugs Having Analgesic, Antipyretic and Anti-inflammatory Properties-

Common Anti-allergic Drugs:

Common Drugs Used to Stimulate Appetite: B vitamin preparations, Glucocorticoids,

Common Drugs for Treatment of Gastric Acidity: