Materi Ajar Penerjemahan

Teks Khusus
Desthia Amalia
 REVIEW: WHAT IS TRANSLATION?
Translation is an activity comprising the
interpretation of the meaning of a text in one
language—called the source text—and the
production of a new, equivalent text in
another language—called the target text, or
the translation.
Tiga Kualitas Penerjemah
Profesional
1. Menguasai pengetahuan umum yang luas (dan
pengetahuan khusus bila ia harus menerjemahkan teks
teknis)
2. Memiliki kecerdasan untuk memahami sebuah teks dan
melihat secara cepat “logika” teks yang harus
diterjemahkan, dan
3. Memiliki kemampuan retorika, yakni kemampuan
merekayasa bahasa untuk menghasilkan terjemahan
yang sepadan, akurat, dan berterima pada pembacanya.
(Hoed, dalam Evand Halim: Lokakarya Penerjemahan
Teks Hukum, HPI, 17 Maret 2013)
Jenis Penerjemahan Berdasarkan
Penyampaian
1. Penerjemahan Tulis—Penerjemah
2. Penerjemahan Lisan—Juru Bahasa

Sumber Penerjemahan Tulis:

Buku, Non Buku, Subtitle Film, Dokumen Hukum, Pelokalan, Transcipta (Iklan, Menu Restoran)
The Nature of the Legal Language
• “We lawyers cannot write plain English. We use eight words to
say what could be said in two. We use old, arcane phrases to
express commonplace ideas. Seeking to be precise, we become
redundant. Seeking to be cautious, we become verbose. Our
sentences twist on, phrase within clause, clause within clause,
glazing the eyes and numbing the minds of our readers. The result
is a writing style that has, according to one critic, four outstanding
characteristics. It is: (1) wordy, (2) unclear, (3) pompous, and (4)
dull.” (Wydick in Evan Halim, 2013)
Example 2: Eng - Ina
Contractual Clause
The Security Agent shall not, nor shall any receiver appointed pursuant to any Finance
Document or any attorney or agent of the Security Agent by reason of taking possession of
the whole or any part of the Security Property or any other reason whatsoever and whether
as mortgagee in possession or on any other basis whatsoever, be liable for any loss or
damage arising from the realization of the whole or any part of the Security Property or any
other property, assets, rights or undertakings of whatsoever nature whether or not owned
by the Obligors (other than the Individual Guarantor) or any other person or in which the
Obligors (other than the Individual Guarantor) or any other person has an interest, from any
act, default or omission in relation to all or any of the Security Property or any other
property, assets, rights or undertakings of whatsoever nature whether or not owned by the
Obligors (other than the Individual Guarantor) or any other person or in which the Obligors
(other than the Individual Guarantor) or any other person has an interest, or from any act,
default or omission in relation to the whole or any part of the Security Property or from any
exercise or non-exercise by it of any right, remedy or power conferred upon it in relation to
the whole or any part of the Security Property or any other property, assets, rights or
undertakings of whatsoever nature whether or not owned by the Obligors (other than the
Individual Guarantor) or any other person or in which the Obligors (other than the Individual
Guarantor) or any other person has an interest, by or pursuant to any Finance Document or
otherwise, unless such loss or damage is financially judicially determined to have been
caused by its fraud, willful default or gross negligence.
Tiga syarat terjemahan teks hukum yang baik
(1):
1. Terjemahan yang baik harus benar (accurate) dan
sepadan (congruent) bila ditinjau dari aspek
linguistik maupun hukum: “Dalam penerjemahan
teks hukum, istilah-istilah hukum harus
diterjemahkan secara tepat pula semantiknya agar
tidak terjadi salah tafsir.” (Hoed dalam Halim, 2013)
Tiga syarat terjemahan teks hukum yang baik
(2):
2. “Tolok ukur utama dalam penilaian penerjemahan
adalah kesepadanan makna antara teks sumber
dengan teks sasaran. Terjemahan dianggap salah
apabila mengandung distorsi makna referensial (tidak
sekadar dianggap sebagai terjemahan buruk).”
Machali dalam Hail, 2013)
Tiga syarat terjemahan teks hukum yang baik
(3):
3. “Terjemahan teks hukum harus setia pada teks
sumber dan memperhatikan laras (register), gaya
(style) dalam bahasa hukum” (Halaim, 2013)
Some Principles of Translating Legal
Documents (1)
1. The legal translation should be faithful to the source text.
Being “FAITHFUL” means:
• The translation should reflect accurately the meaning of the original text.
• The translator should refrain from changing the style of the source text.
• Nothing should be arbitrarily added or removed to the extent that it affects meaning, though
sometimes part of the sentence can be transposed.
Practice 1
• I hereby appoint, designate and constitute Jonathan
Tahir, M.Hum, as my true and lawful attorney-in-fact
for me and in my name, place, and stead for my use
and benefit.
Some Principles of Translating Legal
Documents (2)
2. Faithful Translation does not mean that the translator should do the translation word for word,
like machine translation.
• The translator should at all times prioritize readability of his/her translation by making any
necessary changes through addition, deletion, tarnsposition, paraphrasing, etc.
• Such adaptation is called “the translator’s strategy”, which is necessary to achieve a certain
degree of readability and naturalness in the translation.
Practice 2
• No Party shall assign, convey, sell, dispose of or
otherwise transfer any of the Assets, either now
or hereafter existing, whether in part or in
whole, to any third parties without the express
written consent of the other Party.
• Partai manapun tidak diizinkan untuk menetapkan, menyampaikan, menjual, mengatur atau
sebaliknya pemindaian aset apapun, baik untuk saat ini maupun seterusnya, baik sebagian
maupun keseluruhan, kepada pihak ketiga manapun tanpa melampirkan izin dari partai lain
Practice 3
• Licensor further agrees that neither it nor any of
its legal representative will institute any action
or proceeding against Licensee.
Some Principles of Translating Legal
Documents (3)
3. The translator should translate terminologies consistently into the target
language.
• In legislation and other drafting, there is a convention that the same idea
is always expressed using the same wording.
• In statutory interpretation, this convention is reflected in the rule that
ordinarily the same words should be understood to have the same
meanings while different words should be understood to have different
meanings.
• In short, variations in wording in a legal text are generally taken to signal
a change in meaning. There is no room for aesthetically motivated
variation in the translation of terminologies.
As Robert Dick writes:
“Monotony is not abhorrent to a drafter. There is great satisfaction and comfort in seeing the same
term over and over again. Reliance on the same meaning of the terms speeds the understanding
of the context. This is much like an editor who tries to achieve consistency of type faces for
headings of a book as well as consistency in numbering patterns for footnotes and chapters. The
same approach is required for recurring word groups or expressions.”
BE CONSISTENT
• Perjanjian: Contract, Agreement
• Pasal: Article, Section, Clause
• Harta/Kekayaan: Assets, Property, Estate
• Penggugat: Plaintiff, Claimant
• Appellant: Pembanding, Pemohon Banding
• Biaya hukum: Legal fees, Legal costs
• Penyewa: Tenant, Lessee
• Pemegang saham: Stockholder, Shareholder
Some Principles of Translating Legal
Documents (4)
4. The translator should do terminological research to ensure lexical accuracy (semantic
equivalence).

“A translator is not an expert who knows everything, but one who always knows where to go when
in trouble.” (Halim, 2013)