Badminton Book Slides

A Journey Into The
Badminton World
Zuyuan Wang
First release: August 12, 2016

Second release: April 30, 2017
Copyright © 2016 by Zuyuan Wang

Outline
Some Basics of Badminton -----------------
History, court, simplified rules, Badminton World Federation, important events, and world
ranking system
About the 10% Equipment ------------------

Shuttle, racket, string, overgrip, badminton shoes, and accessories
About the 30% Techniques -----------------

Power generation, racket gripping, service, basic forehand and backhand strokes,
seven types of shots, deceptive and trick shots, and concept of time difference
About the 60% Footwork --------------------

Footwork in six directions and physical training
Some Miscellaneous Information ---------

Picking up a shuttle with a racket, etiquette, prevention of injuries, top men’s singles
badminton players, passive and active playing styles, offense and defense, strong and soft
shots, shuttle speed, playing badminton alone, and fun
Note: References are omitted for simplicity. Refer to the book for references.
A Journey Into The Badminton World Zuyuan Wang (02/63)

Some Basics of Badminton
History of badminton
Badminton court
Simplified rules of badminton
Badminton World Federation
Important badminton events
Badminton world ranking system
Some Basics of Badminton A Journey Into The Badminton World Zuyuan Wang (03/63)
History of badminton
Origins of the game
Badminton originates from ancient European and Asian; Ancient Chinese played “ti jian zi”
more than 2,000 years ago.
Contemporary badminton
Badminton was played by British officers in India in1800s and introduced to England
in mid 1800s.
International Badminton Federation (IBF) established in 1934
Initially nine countries: England, Wales, Ireland, Scotland, Denmark, Holland, Canada,
New Zealand, and France. IBF later became the Badminton World Federation (BWF).
Commonwealth game sports --- 1966
Badminton was introduced as a Commonwealth Games program sport in Kingston
Jamaica in 1966.
Olympic games sport --- 1992
After being a demonstration sport in Munich in 1972, badminton became an Olympic
sport in Barcelona in 1992.
Strong countries in recent years
China, Denmark, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, South Korea, and Japan.
Badminton court --- Dimensions
Width of court:
Single: 5.18 m
Double: 6.10 m
Length of diagonal:
Single: 8.469 m
Double: 9.061 m
(half court)
Service court:
Single: blue
Double: green
(notice symmetry)
Net height:
Side: 1.550 m
Middle: 1.524 m
Width of lines:
4 cm
Badminton court --- Material 1. Wooden board court: Good
(a) Surface, (b) Detailed structure
Features:
Good shock absorption
Good anti-slip characteristic
Widely used
2. PVC/PU court: Best

(c) Surface, (d) Detailed structure
Features:
Excellent shock absorption
Excellent anti-slip characteristic
Widely used in professional
tournaments
3. Other courts: Bad

Concrete floor, tennis court, etc.
Features:
Poor shock absorption
Short life of shoes
Prone to scratches
Used by some casual players
Simplified rules of badminton
Scoring System
(1) A match consists of the best of 3 games of 21 points. (2) Every time there is a serve, there is a point scored. (3) The
side winning a rally adds a point to its score. (4) At 20 all, the side, which gains a 2 point lead first, wins that game. (5) At
29 all, the side scoring the 30th point wins that game. (6) The side winning a game serves first in the next game.
Interval and Change of Ends

(1) When the leading score reaches 11 points, players have a 60-second interval. (2) A 2-minute interval between two
games is allowed. (3) In the third game, players change ends when the leading score reaches 11 points.
Singles
(1) At the beginning of the game (0-0) or when the servers score is even, the server serves from the right service court.
When the servers score is odd, the server serves from the left service court. (2) If the server wins a rally, the server
scores a point and then serves again from the alternate service court. (3) If the receiver wins a rally, the receiver scores a
point and becomes the new server. They serve from the appropriate service court --- left if their score is odd, and right if it
is even.
Doubles
(1) A side has only one “service”. (2) The service passes consecutively to the players. (3) At the beginning of the game
(0-0) or when the score is even, the server serves from the right service court. When it is odd, the server serves from the
left service court. (4) If the serving side wins a rally, the serving side scores a point and the same server serves again
from the alternate service court. (5) If the receiving side wins a rally, the receiving side scores a point. The receiving side
becomes the new serving side. (6) The players do not change their respective service courts until they win a point when
their side is serving.
Badminton World Federation (BWF)
Founded in 1934 as the
International Badminton
Federation (IBF)
Head office:
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Current president:
Poul-Erik Hoyer Larsen
(a) The logo of BWF

(b) The five regional badminton
confederations and their
numbers of members
(c) Map of the World indicating
the five regional badminton
confederations
Important badminton events
Four levels of the BWF badminton tournaments (updated on April 20, 2016).
Important badminton events (cont’d)
BWF Superseries
tournaments from
2007 to 2017 BWF Grand Prix Gold and
Grand Prix tournaments
from 2007 to 2017
Badminton world ranking system
The ranking is based on at most 10 highest points scored in tournaments in the past 52 weeks.
Points
system
About the 10% Equipment
Badminton shuttle
Badminton racket
Badminton string
Badminton overgrip
Badminton shoes
Badminton accessories
About the 10% Equipment A Journey Into The Badminton World Zuyuan Wang (12/63)
Badminton shuttle
Nylon shuttles have flatter
trajectories than feather shuttles.
Regardless of the initial orientation, a shuttlecock will turn to

fly cork first, and remain in the cork-first orientation.
Badminton shuttle (cont’d)
Common brands:
(1) Yonex
(2) Victor
(3) RSL
(4) Aeroplane
(5) Kason
(6) Li-Ning
(7) Kawasaki
(8) Wilson
(9) Chaopai
…
Badminton racket
Structure and
terminology
Three types of
racket heads
Sweet spot size:

(a) < (b) ≤ (c)
Badminton racket (cont’d)
Evaluation criteria:
(1) Balance point
(Head light vs. Head heavy)
(2) Stiffness of shaft
(Control vs. Power)
Yonex badminton racket series

chart (2013), including the
ARCSABER, CARBONEX,
NANOSPEED, VOLTRIC, and
NANORAY series.
Badminton string
Three types of string Evaluation criteria: Yonex strings:
surfaces:
Smooth surface
 good “bounce”
Rough surface
 good “grab” of shuttle
Badminton overgrip
Common PU & towel overgrips: Racket handle sizes:
Badminton overgrip (cont’d)
Three ways of wrapping overgrips:
Two directions of wrapping overgrips:
Badminton shoes
Three keys features:

(1) Anti-slip capability
(2) Shock absorbing capability
(3) Weight
Common brands:
(1) Yonex
(2) Li-Ning
(3) Victor
(4) Mizuno
(5) Nike
(6) Adidas
…
Badminton accessories
(a) Badminton bag, (b) Racket cover, (c) Racket cover
(soft), (d) Sports towel, (e) Head band, (f) Wrist band,
(g) Grip powder, (h) Stencil card, (i) Stencil ink, (j) Balance
weight on racket head, (k) Balance weight in package,
(l) Protective and balance tape, (m) Knee strap,
(n) Knee support brace, and (o) Kinesio tape.
About the 30% Techniques
Power generation
Badminton racket gripping
Badminton service
Basic badminton strokes
Seven types of badminton shots
Deceptive and trick badminton shots
Concept of time difference
About the 30% Techniques A Journey Into The Badminton World Zuyuan Wang (22/63)
Power generation
Possible motions of wrist:
(a) inner twisting
(b) outer twisting
(c) flexion
(d) extension
(e) lateral bending-down
(f) lateral bending-up
Analogy of wrist twisting to:

(a) Worm and worm-gear system
(b) Bruce Lee’s one inch punch
Wrist twisting is an effective way

of generating power with minimal
time and space.
Badminton racket gripping
Basic grips: Possible hand positions:

(a) Hand-shaking position Swing speed: (a) > (b) > (c)
Range of coverage: (a) < (b) < (c)
(b) Forehand grip
Wrist power requirement: (a) < (b) < (c)
(c) Backhand grip
Badminton service
Illustration of waistline:
Good ways of holding shuttle in service:
(backhand service vs. forehand service)
Possible positions for receivers during service:
Badminton service (cont’d)
Standing locations for servers and receivers during service:
Lx,S ≈ 1.5 steps; Lx,R ≈ 1.5 steps; Ly,R2 < Ly,R1
Badminton service (cont’d)
Shuttle trajectory of four types of service shots: Five possible locations to serve:
(1) Low serve: widely used in singles and doubles. (1) front-inner corner, (2) front-outer corner,
(2) Drive serve: occasionally used (3) back-outer corner, (4) back-inner corner,
(3) Flick serve: occasionally used (5) receiver’s body
(4) High serve: widely used in women’s singles
Basic badminton strokes
Forehand stroke:
Backhand stroke:
Seven types of badminton shots
Shuttle trajectories Frequency of shots
In each point of badminton games, usually some (or all) of the seven types of shots
are played in an appropriate order.
Seven types of badminton shots --- Four-corner shots
Four-corner shots are basic shots in badminton.
Ai  Bj (i, j = 1, 2, 3 ,4) a total of 16 combinations
Seven types of badminton shots --- Downward shots
The higher the hitting point, the larger the effective area for downward shots.
The hitting point could be higher by gripping the racket at a proper position,
stretching up, or jumping up.
Seven types of badminton shots --- Racket positions
Three racket positions:

(a) For smash shots
& fast drop shots
(b) For slow drop shots
& flat clear shots
(c) For high clear shots
Seven types of badminton shots --- Drop shots
Slow drop shot:
Fast drop shot:
Seven types of badminton shots --- Smash shots
Possible aiming points for smash shots.
(1) Straight short smash: e.g., X1Y1, X4Y1, etc.
(2) Straight long smash: e.g., X2Y3, X3Y3, etc.
(3) Cross short smash: e.g., X1Y2, X4Y2, etc.
(4) Cross long smash: X2Y4, X3Y4, etc.
(5) Body smash: e.g., X1Y5, X3Y5, etc.
Seven types of badminton shots --- Smash shots (cont’d)
Standing locations for defending smash shots.
The key is to maximize the angle of coverage (or solid angle).
Seven types of badminton shots --- Net shots
Straight net shots:
(a) Standard net shots
(b) Possible directions to add forces
(c) Spin net shot
The key is to control the shuttle’s

height over and distance from the net.
Cross net shots:

(a) Forehand cross net shot; (b) Backhand cross net shot.
The key is to control the shuttle’s height over the net and crossing point.
Deceptive and trick badminton shots
Deceptive shots:
A shot is considered deceptive if
the shuttle trajectory is
mispredicted by the opponent.
Deceptive shots show the
player’s smartness.
Trick shots:
A shot is considered a trick shot if
the shuttle is not hit in a normal
way. Trick shots require some
extraordinary abilities.
Deceptive and trick shots are

good ones if they, in addition to
looking fancy, lead to winning
points.
Concept of time difference
Ensure: Δt4 + Δt5 < Δt6 Try to achieve: Δt1 + Δt2 > Δt3
About the 60% Footwork
Overview of badminton footwork and base position
Badminton footwork in six directions
A few tips on badminton footwork training
Finger, wrist, and forearm strength
Leg strength
Arm & shoulder strength and muscles training
Durability & flexibility
A few tips on physical training
About the 60% Footwork A Journey Into The Badminton World Zuyuan Wang (39/63)
Overview of badminton footwork and base position
Footwork in six directions: Base position:
Badminton footwork in six directions (forward-left direction)
Going path: Returning path:
The red (dotted) arrow indicates dragging the left foot on the court.
Badminton footwork in six directions (forward-right direction)
Badminton footwork in six directions (side-left direction)
Badminton footwork in six directions (side-right direction)
Badminton footwork in six directions (backward-left direction) (1)
The red (upward) triangle indicates a jump.

Badminton footwork in six directions (backward-left direction) (2)
Badminton footwork in six directions (backward-right direction)
The red (upward) triangle indicates a jump.

A few tips on badminton footwork training
(1) Practice the footwork in the forward-left and forward-right directions first, then
the side-left and side-right directions, and finally the backward-left and
backward-right directions.
(2) Practice the footwork in individual directions first and then combine the footwork
in different directions.
(3) Perform Step “1” in all footwork.
(4) Avoid redundant, small steps.
(5) Go straight. Speed: (a) > (b) > (c).
(6) Avoid knee injuries.
Finger, wrist, and forearm strength --- Exercises
Leg strength --- Climbing stairs
Arm & shoulder strength and muscles training
Push-ups: Sit-ups:
Durability & flexibility
Running: Stretching exercises:
Running ~45 min Good body flexibility reduces the usage of

footwork and makes badminton rallies more
fun and beautiful. In addition to the stretching
Playing badminton for ~70 min exercises, doing yoga and martial arts are
effective ways to increase body flexibility.
A few tips on physical training
(1) Work on both sides of the body to achieve a balanced body shape.
(2) Start with relatively low training intensity and increase the intensity gradually.
(3) Practice makes perfect.
Some Miscellaneous Information
Picking up a shuttle with a racket
Badminton etiquette
Prevention of injuries
Top men’s singles badminton players
Passive and active styles of playing badminton
Offensive & defensive and strong & soft shots
Shuttle speed
About fun
Some Miscellaneous Information A Journey Into The Badminton World Zuyuan Wang (54/63)
Picking up a shuttle with a racket
A very basic skill that every badminton player is expected to have.
With the cork pointing (a) toward or (b) away from the player.
Badminton etiquette
(1) Safety first (or avoid injuries to players and breakage of equipment).
(2) Share the cost of the court and shuttles.
(3) Actively pick up the shuttle when it falls on your side and deliver it to the
appropriate player.
(4) Take turn to play when there are other players waiting, particularly when we are
playing on a public court.
(5) Do not hit the shuttle into an opponent's body intentionally and apologize
immediately when it happens.
(6) Be on time.
(7) Try to avoid borrowing racket from others.
(8) Clap or shake hands after playing a game and have a talk.
Prevention of injuries
(1) Build a stronger body through physical training exercises and improve
badminton skills so as to use less footwork and hit the shuttle with less pain
during play.
(2) Warm up sufficiently before playing games.
(3) Limit playing with those who have much better skills but do not adjust their skills
according to the opponent's skills.
(4) Wear protective equipment (e.g., knee brace, elbow brace, wrist brace, etc.).
(5) Do some stretches and take time to cool down after play before taking a shower
or going outside.
Top men’s singles badminton players
Passive and active styles of playing badminton
In the passive style, a player returns a shuttle with no purpose in mind (and often
with struggles or an unbalanced body). The shuttle could land anywhere (obeying
the aerodynamic laws, of course).
In the active style, a player returns a shuttle to a specific region and with a clear
purpose.
The sooner a player passes the passive-style stage and enters the active-style
stage, the sooner he/she would appreciate the beauty of badminton.
Offensive & defensive and strong & soft shots
The most common playing style adopted by the top badminton players nowadays
combines offense and defense shots, with the players playing many defense shots,
transition shots, and slightly offensive shots until a good opportunity comes and a
big offensive shot is played to win the point.
The possible angle

for (a) soft shots is
much larger than
that for (b) strong
shots.
About shuttle speed
In the videos of professional badminton matches nowadays, it is common to see
numbers showing the shuttle speeds when the players play smash shots. Those
numbers are generated by Instant Review Systems (IRS) and calculated by using
some photo processing techniques. They represent the initial speeds of the
shuttles. Because of air drag, the shuttle decelerates dramatically during its flight.
More advanced racket materials, better racket designs, and more effective training
strategies all contribute to faster shuttle speeds. With proper training and
experience, the limit of the shuttle speed that one can manage would increase.
Some records:
Men’s doubles: 332 km/h, Fu Haifeng, 06/03/2005, Sudirman Cup in Beijing.
Men’s Singles: 305 km/h, Taufik Hidayat, 09/2006, World Championships in Madrid, Spain.
Pure test: 493 km/h, Tan Boon Hoeng, 07/28/2013.
References: Wikipedia. Taufik Hidayat. Fu Haifeng. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7C56kivaOV4.
About playing badminton alone and fun
Many badminton techniques, such as footwork, service shots, net shots, and so
on, could be learned by playing alone.
One could also consider playing with an imaginary opponent who could be
stronger than any player seen in real life, being able to play shots at any speed to
any location and skilled at shots planning, experience, psychology, and any other
aspects. After playing with the imaginary opponent for some time, one may clearly
see the improvement of his/her skills when he/she goes to play with some real
opponents.
Striving for self-improvement and helping others to improve are probably the most
important sources of fun and happiness in the badminton world.
Thank you for your attention
A Journey Into The

Badminton World
Zuyuan Wang
wang.zuyuan@gmail.com
1. Some Basics of Badminton

2. About the 10% Equipment
3. About the 30% Techniques
4. About the 60% Footwork
5. Some Miscellaneous Information
A Journey Into The Badminton World Zuyuan Wang (63/63)

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A Journey Into The

First release: August 12, 2016

Copyright © 2016 by Zuyuan Wang

About the 10% Equipment ------------------

About the 30% Techniques -----------------

About the 60% Footwork --------------------

Some Miscellaneous Information ---------

A Journey Into The Badminton World Zuyuan Wang (02/63)

2. PVC/PU court: Best

3. Other courts: Bad

Interval and Change of Ends

(a) The logo of BWF

Regardless of the initial orientation, a shuttlecock will turn to

Sweet spot size:

Yonex badminton racket series

Two directions of wrapping overgrips:

Three keys features:

Analogy of wrist twisting to:

Wrist twisting is an effective way

Basic grips: Possible hand positions:

Possible positions for receivers during service:

Three racket positions:

Fast drop shot:

The key is to control the shuttle’s

Cross net shots:

Deceptive and trick shots are

The red (upward) triangle indicates a jump.

The red (upward) triangle indicates a jump.

(3) Perform Step “1” in all footwork.

(4) Avoid redundant, small steps.

(5) Go straight. Speed: (a) > (b) > (c).

(6) Avoid knee injuries.

Running ~45 min Good body flexibility reduces the usage of

(3) Practice makes perfect.

(2) Warm up sufficiently before playing games.

The possible angle

References: Wikipedia. Taufik Hidayat. Fu Haifeng. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7C56kivaOV4.

A Journey Into The

1. Some Basics of Badminton

A Journey Into The Badminton World Zuyuan Wang (63/63)

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