3.

7 Kendall's and Marzano's New Taxonomy

The New Taxonomy (Marzano and Kendall, 2007)

Level of Difficulty Process Definitions
The student can analyze how important specific knowledge is to
Examining Importance
them.
6. Self System The student can examine how much they believe they can improve
Examining Efficacy
Thinking their understanding of specific knowledge.
The student can identify emotional responses associated with a piece of
Examining Emotions knowledge and determine why those associations exist.
The student can examine their own motivation to improve their
Examining Motivation understanding or competence in specific knowledge.
The student can set specific goals relative to knowledge and develop a plan
Specifying Goals for accomplishing the goal.
5. Metacognition
The student can self-monitor the process of achieving a goal.
Process Monitoring

The student can determine how well they understand knowledge.

Monitoring Clarity
 The student can determine how accurate their understanding of
Monitoring Accuracy knowledge is and defend their judgment.
The student generates a hyppothesis and uses the assertions and opinions
Investigating of others to test the hypothesis.

4. Knowledge The student generates and test a hypothesis by conducting an experiment

Experimenting and collecting data.
Utilization
(Cognition System) The student can accomplish a goal for which obstacles exist.
Problem-Solving

The student can select among alternatives that initially appear to be equal
Decision-Making and defend their choice.
The student can make and defend predictions about what might happen.
Specifying

The student can infer new generalizations from known knowledge.

Generalizing

The student can identify and explain logical or factual errors in

3. Analysis
Analyzing Errors knowledge.
(Cognitive System)

The student can identify super ordinate and subordinate categories

Classifying to which information belongs.

The student can identify similarities and differences in knowledge.

Matching

The student can depict critical aspects of knowledge in a pictorial of

Symbolizing symbolic form.

2. Comprehension
(Cognitive System) The student can identify the critical or essential elements of
knowledge.
Integrating

The student can perform procedures without significant errors.

Executing

The student can produce information on demand.

1. Retrieval Recalling
(Cognitive System)
The student can determine whether provided information is
Recognizing accurate, inaccurate or unknown.

THE NEW TAXONOMY IN DETAIL