Fiber Optics (C

Fiber Optics (Chapter 11: Past Board Excel)
ECE Board Exam April 2001
Which of the following refers to the relative refractive index difference of single mode fibers?
0.1 - 0.3 %
ECE Board Exam November 2000
A parameter of light beam that do not change the quality when it enters one medium from another.
Frequency
Which of the following limits the top speed of transmitting information in fiber optic communication?
Detector speed
Type of multi-channel signal transmission in the optic fiber communication that uses twisted pair coupler
to transmit two signals of different wavelengths.
Frequency-division multiplexing
Best applies to an optical fiber core.
A higher refractive index than the cladding
How many times bigger does the bandwidth of a fiber optic multimode have over cable?
100 times bigger

What law does a light travelling in an optical fiber follow?
Snell's
Band of light waves, that are too short to be seen by human eye.
Ultraviolet
Insertion loss of connector-type splices for a single-mode fiber cable.
0.38dB
An object father from a converging lens than its focal point always has an ________ image.
inverted
ECE Board Exam March 1996
The dielectric material of an optical fiber surrounding the core.
Cladding
An optical time domain reflectometer used in fiber optic communication is not intended to determine
one of the following:
Kind of multiplexing
--------------------- An optical time domain reflectometer used in fiber optic communication-------

Refractive index
Loss per kilometer
Length of fiber
In wire communications system using fiber optic, the packing fraction is related to one of the following
statements when referred to fiber optic bundle.
Ratio of the total cross-sectional area to the total cross-sectional area of the fiber bundle
Why are fiber optic cables considered less expensive compared to coaxial cables in communication
system?
Use of less repeaters
An optic fiber regenerator which is used in communication is consisting of a ________ to clean up and
amplify digital data moving in one direction and a similar system for the opposite direction.
transmitter and receiver
How do you account the effect of light intensity on the refractive index of a fiber optic?
Increases
One of the following referred to as a major component of an optical time domain reflectometer.
Pulse generator laser

__________ generates light beam at a specific visible frequency.
Laser
The most common device used as a light detector in fiber optic communication system.
APDs
A non-coherent light source for optical communications system.
LED
The loss in signal power as light travels down a fiber is
attenuation
It is made from semiconductor material such as aluminum-gallium-arsenide or gallium-arsenide-

phosphide.
Light emitting diode
How much bigger does the bandwidth of a single mode fiber optic have over the multimode fiber?
20 times bigger

Which of the following refers to the bandwidth of optical fiber?
1 MHz - 500 MHz
Refers to a characteristic of a multimode fiber optic.
Cladding thickness is greater than the radius of the core and the diameter of the core must be much
greater than the wavelength of the light to be carried.
What do you call the loss in signal power as the light travels the fiber optic?
Attenuation
One of the characteristics of a fiber optic used in order to carry light in several modes of propagation or
to become a multimode fiber.
Diameter of the core must be very muuch greater than the wavelength of the light to be carried.
What kind of effect is referred to a varying light producing a varying voltage output of a detector?
Photovoltaic effect
Quantity that do not change when a beam of lifgt enters one medium to another
Frequency
Type of fiber that has the highest modal dispersion.
Step-index multimode
Calculate the energy of the photon of infrared light intensity at 1.55 um.
The different angles of entry of light into an optical fiber when the diameter of the core is many times
the wavelength of the light transmitted is known as __________.
mode
An absorption loss caused by valence electrons in the siica material from which fibers are manufactured.
Ultraviolet absorption
Which of the following is not a major component of an optical time domain reflectometer used in fiber
optic communication?
vertical and horizontal plates
-------------------- major component of an optical time domain reflectometer used in fiber optic
communication---------------------
Laser
Beam splitter
Pulse generator
Which of the following is a part of an optical time domain reflectometer?
Beam splitter
This refers to a certain material which is most sensitive to light.
Photoresist
Referred to as a light source of fiber optic which supplies level of 5
to 7 milliwats and having a narrow spectrum of emission.
Injection laser diode
Most likely, how many times would a fiber optic break in a span of thirty years?
2 - 3 times
An advantage of optic fiber rejecting an induced noise signal from magnetic field or solar storm flux
Immunity to noise

Which of the following colors of light rays has the shortest wavelength?
Violet
Fiber optic cable operates near ________ frequencies.
800 THz
If a fiber optic system has a rise time of 38.55 ns, the source rise time is 12 ns and the detector rise time
is 12 ns, what is the cable rise time?
ECE. Board Exam November 1996
Proposed the used of a clad glass fiber as a dielectric waveguide
Bockham and Kao
ln electronic communications where fiber optic material is used, a reflected
wave is a possibility. what happen to the polarization of this reflected wave
when compared to its original form?
Shifts to 180 degrees
The effect of multimode propagation caused the rays leaving the fiber to
interfere constructively and destructively as they leave the end of the fiber
this effect is called _________.

modal delay spreading
What is the wavelength for deep violet light?
500 nmeter
A device in the fiber optic that is used to attenuate the reflected signal from the polished end of the fiber
which has a possibility of developing into a noise.
Isolator
One of the advantages of the fiber optic which is referred to the volume of capacity of signals it can carry
Bandwidth
Circuit used to amplify the optical signal in fiber optics communications links.
Optical repeater
A device that reduces the intensity of light in fiber optics communication systems
Optical attenuator
Lifetime of ILDs
50.000 h
What is the stage of the sand becoming a silicon?
Molten
One of the major limitations of a plastic fiberoptic used in communication
Due to its high losses
One of following is considered the largest source of signal power loss in the
use of fiber optic as communications medium such as due to misalignment.
ConnectionECE Board Exam NOvember 1999
One of the following is related to the application of solid material as a medium where light travels.
medium where Ilght travels. apphcatlon of 5DHd mater-ja}; as 3
Fiber optics
Which of the following is not considered as one of the causes for the loss of signal power as light travels
through a fiber optic?
Inter-modulation
----------------causes for the loss of signal power as light travels through a fiber optic-----------------
Scattering
Fiber bending
Absorption
The core of the optical fiber has _______
a higher index of refraction than the cladding
Loss due to the diffraction of light when it strikes on the irregularities formed
during the manufacturing process of the fiber optics.
Rayleigh scattering loss
If a fiber optic system has a rise time of 16 ns, the source rise time is 1.5 ns and the detector rise time is
2 ns, what is the cable rise time?
A phenomenon which causes the speed of light rays propagation in the fiber
material changes, as it passes through different medium in the fiber
Refraction
At what intenial does a fiber optic needs a repeater in communications
system?
30 to 300 miles
ECE Board Eanm November 1999

Referfeq to as a limit in reducing further the loss of signal passing through a
fiber optic caused by scattering.
Rayleigh effect
These are band of light wavelengths, that are too short to be seen by the human eye.
Ultraviolet
A quarter wavelength device made of crystalline calcite that changes polarization in the optic fiber
communication
Retarder
At what power levels does fiber optic have when used in electronic communications?
Range of micro to milliwatts
One of the following is among the types of fiber optics used in electronics communication.
Semi-graded multimode
How do you reduce the loss that is produced when light strikes a flat polished end of a fiber optic?
By application of antireflection coating

What is the device use in used in fiber optic communication which consist of a receiver transmitter use tc
clean up and amplify digital data moving in one direction and another in opposite direction?
Optic regenerator
An advantage of fiber optic over co-axial cable as a result of coupling signals
from one to the other due to changing magnetic field in one or both.
Crosstalk
What is the index of refraction of a certain substance if light travels through
the substance at 100 meters at a time is to 140 meters to air'?
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Saturday, June 16, 2012
Satellite Communications (Chapter 10: Past Board Exce)
What balance the gravitational pull of the earth to allow the satellite to stay on its orbit?
Centripetal force
Satellite that rotates around the earth in a low-altitude elliptical or circular pattern.
Nonsynchronous satellite
In a transoceanic satellite conversation, how much is the typical delay before a reply is heard?
600 ms
What are the repeaters inside communications satellite known for?
Transponders
Under a circular satellite orbiy, how high is a certain satellite located above the surface of the earth if the
total satellite height is 9869 miles?
Is a kind of satellite which has a period of revolution equivalent to the period if rotation of the earth
about its axis.
Geosynchronous satellite
A radio land station in the land mobile service.
Base station
The use of telecommunication for automatic indicating or recording measurement at the distance from
the measuring instrument.
Telemetry
_______________ is the horizontal pointing angle of an antenna.
Azimuth
How many satellite orbital slots are requested by the Philippine government from ITU?
ECE Board Exam MArch 1996
The point on satellite orbit, closest to the earth is
perigee
A mobile service between base stations and land mobile stations or between land mobile stations.
Mobile service
Which of the following refers to the basic component of a communication satellite receiver?
Transponder
Determine from the following the basic technique used to stabilize a satellite.
Spin
A space distance iin satellite communication from the earth, to or greater than 2,000,000 kilometers is
referred to as ___________.
deep space
How many satellites does the GPS system consist?
24 satellites
Which point on the satellite orbit is closest to the earth?
perigee
Which of the following is refers to the smallest beam of a satellite antenna's radiation pattern?
spot beam
A major and basic advantage for the use of klystron.
Hiigh power
Station in the mobile service not intended to be used while in motion.
Land station
__________ detects the satellite signal relayed from the feed and converts it to an electric current,
amplifies and lower its frequency.
LNB
Collects very weak signals from a broadcast satellite.
Satellite dish
It is a spacecraft replaced in orbit around the earth carrying onboard microwave receiving and
transmitting equipments
Communications satellite
A what apogee in an elliptical orbit must a geosynchronous satellite be initially stationed before it is
finally fired into its final geostationary orbit?
22,300 miles
Satellite orbit around the earth are either:
they are either circular or elliptical

Satellite system or part of a satellite system, consisting of only one satellite and the cooperating stations.
Satellite network
A resultant effect in launching a satellite from the earth caused by both forward motion away from the
earth that provides inertia tending the satellite to travel in straight line upwards and the gravitational
pull towards the earth is referred to as ___________.
centripetal acceleration
Which of the following refers to the first active satellite?
Sputnik 1
A band where most military satellite often operate.
ECE Board Exam November1997
Known to be the first satellite capable to receive and transmit simultaneously.
Telstar I
What kind of battery panels are used in some advanced satellites?
Gallium arsenide solar panels

Satellite signal transmitted from a satellite transponder to earth's station.
Downlink
In satellite communications where satellites revolve in an orbit that forms a plane passing through the
center of gravity of the earth, this center is called ____________
geocenter
The use of telecommunication for the transmission of signals to initiate, modify or terminate functions of
equivalent at a distance.
Telecommand
The use of telecommunication for the transmission of signals to initiate modify or terminate functions of
equipment at a distance.
Telecommand
Footprint refers to coverage area in the globe.
Satellite coverage
The first commercial satellite
Early bird
What band does VSAT first operate?
C-band
Which part of transponder converts the received signal to another lower frequency?
Mixer
In satellite communications, the geostationary satellites are conveniently located with respect to the
equator at __________.
0 degrees latitude
The Ku-band in the satellite service.
14/11 GHz
Asia Sat I covers how many countries in Asia?
38
Satellite engine uses
ion propulsion system

How do you increase or double the channel capacity of a satellite without increasing the frequency
bandwidth?
Re-use frequency
A satellite beam that covers almost 42.4% of earths surface.
Global beam
Receives and collects satellite signals from a broadcast satellite.
Satellite disk
Sound intensity level is __________
10 log I/Iref
The first passive satellite transponder.
Moon
The most common application of satellite
Communications
Radio communication operation service between mobile and land stations or between mobile stations.
Mobile service
Referred to as function and/or a designed of a double conversion satellite transponder.
Equipped with two mixers
How does spatial isolation technique in satellite communications avoid interference?
Employment of highly directional spot-beam antennas
One of the first satellite systems catering personal based communications services scheduled for
operation.
Iridium system
ECE Board Exam NOvember 1997
A radio communications service used in radio regulation between specified fixed points provided
primarily for the safety of air navigation and for the regular efficient and economical air transport.
Aeronautical Fixed Service
When do you consider that there is a satellite pass, having reference from the ground?
When satellite passes at its orbit at 90 degrees from its azimuth.
Station located on an object which is beyond and is intended to go beyond the major portion of the
earths athmospehere.
Space Station
An earth satellite whose period of revolution is equal the period of rotation of the earth about its axis.
Geosynchronous
Known as the satellite transmitted signal from a satellite transponder to earths station.
Down link
A satellite receives an uplink frequency of __________ MHz from a ground station of 3700 MHz.
What do you call the signal booster installed on the antenna dish of satellite receiver?
Low noise amplifier
Which of the following refers to the smallest beam of satellite antennas radiation pattern?
Spot Beam
Referred by a radio regulation as the station in the mobile service not intended to be used while in
motion
Land Station
Satellite system or part of a satellite system, consisting of only one satellite and the operating earth
station.
satellite network
Typical bandwidth of a communications satellite.
500 MHz
An area on earth covered by a satellite radio beam.
Footprint
A twenty four (24) satellite system used in modern telecommunications to determine a location(s) on the
surface of the earth.
GPS
Which type of satellite transponder improves the S/N ratio which demodulates the up-link signal to
recover the baseband signals and use them to remodulate the downlink transmitter?
Baseband
In shipboard satellite dish antenna system, azimuth is referred as the __________

horizontal aiming of the antenna
Refers to a land station in a maritime mobile service.
Coast station
__________ is known to be the first satellite capable of receiving and transmitting simultaneously.
Telstar I
What is the frequency range of C-band?
3.4 to 6.424 GHz
An area on the surface of the earth within the boresight of the steerable satellite beam intended to be
pointed.
Effective boresight area
What is the approximate percentage of earth's coverage of a geostationary satellite at zero degree
elevation?
42.5 %
One of the following devices in satellite transponder serves as output of the receive antenna.
low noise amplifier
In a re-use frequency technique of increasing satellite channel capacity of corresponding transponders,

how do you control the antenna used to prevent interference?
High directional antenna
Refers to a mobile earth station in the mobile-satellite service located on board ship
Ship earth station
A technique in satellite communications which uses a highly directional spot-beam antenna to prevent
interference from frequency sharing.
Frequency re-use technique
How do you determine the satellite location in latitude and longitude measurement?
Designate a point on earth directly below the satellite
A point in the satellite orbit known to be the closest location to the surface of the earth.
Perigee
Which satellite transponder has the most number of mixers?

Double-conversion
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Monday, June 4, 2012
Microwave Communications (Chapter 9: Past Board Excel)
Which of the following will you avoid in the construction of a microwave station?
Long horizontal runs
Radio frequency where waveguides are not used extensively.
150 MHz
Term used to describe a process of approaching a desired point by directing the vehicle towards that
point
Homing
A system which does not refer to a technique in reducing the propagation errors in navigational system
such as multipath effects
Pulse transmission
Which of the following is a navigational equipment which utilizes a ground radar system to determine
the position of a plane during its approach?
GCA
_____________ is referred as the difference between available power and power budget.
Power margin
Space diversity transmission means transmitting and receiving on __________.
two or more antennas operating on the same frequency
One of the reasons why FDM is being replaced by TDM is
noise is amplified with voice when an FDM system is used
What is the baseband frequency of standard FDM basic supergroup?
312 to 552 kHz
The k-factor under normal atmospheric conditions in a microwave radio data profile calculation is equal
to __________
4/3
LORAN is navigational system used primarily for _________
obtaining your fixed location over a large distances

What navigational system technique uses an antenna directivity to reduce an undesired multipath
signals?
LORAN-C
In microwave frequencies, the LOS distance is something extended through the occurrence of
____________
ducting
Which of the following if not a part of the navigational radar?
Duplexer
------------- part of navigational radar-----------
Pulser
Display unit
Synchronizer
How do you account the effect of selective fading on the transmitted signal in terms of its bandwidth?
more affirmative at wider bandwidth
Frequencies most affected by knife-edge refraction.
VHF and UHF

Refers to an effect of selective fading.
A fading effect caused by phase difference between radio wave components of the same transmission,
as experienced at the receiving station.
When the clearance above the obstruction is equal to the radii of even Fresnel zones at the point of
reflection the RSL
is decreased
LORAN is a navigation system used primary for
obtaining fixes over large distances
When the value of k increases, the effective result is _______ of the equivalent curvatures.
flattening
TACAN is a navigational aid providing _________
bearing and distance indication
If Ns = 250 determine the earth radius k-factor.

A one-hop, full duplex, microwave system is in a space diversity arrangement. Determine how many
receivers in all are used?
A microwave communications system space loss calculation formula is
92.4 + 20 log F + 20 log D
Radio fading resulting from obstruction losses.
Log normal fading
Referred to as a ferrite device that can be used in lieu of a duplexer to isolate a microwave transmitter
and receiver when both are connected to the same antenna.
Circulator
What is the method of diversity reception where the signal is transmitted on 2 different frequencies over
the same path?
Frequency
What is the free space loss, in dB, between two microwave parabolic antennas 38.0 kilometer apart
operating at 7.0 GHz?
Low-power radar uses
IMPATT
A component of a microwave station that samples signal traveling in one direction down to the
transmission line.
Directional coupler
A navigational error which is caused by reflection of obstruction close to the location of navigational aid
having a normal concern on directional bearing.
Site error
An aircraft deviation measured by an ILS localizer.
Horizontal
Which of the following systems is not used in radio detection and ranging?
Amplitude modulation
----------- systems used in radio detection and ranging----------
Frequency shift
Frequency modulation
Pulse radar
A microwave system that requires the use of repeater.
Intervening system that requires the use of repeater.
Distances involved are greater
Space diversity transmission means transmitting and receiving on
two or more antennas operating on the same frequencies
RADAR means
Radio Detection and Ranging
Which band in the radio spectrum does the radio navigational system Omega transmit?
VLF
Which of the following is not a common microwave application?
Mobile radio
------------- common microwave application --------------
Radar
Data transmission
Space communications
What do you call a circuit that controls the magnetron output?
Modulator
A microwave link between the earth station and the down-town terminal
Terrestrial link
Two or more antennas separated by 9 wavelengths are used.
Space diversity
In radio navigation, one of the following deviations of an airplane is determined by an ILS localizer.
Horizontal
The advantage of periscope antenna in microwave.
Shorten waveguide link
In navigational system, one of the following indication is provided by the localizer unit of the ILS.
A horizontal deviation of an airpalne from its optimum path of descent along the axis of the runway.
Referred to as the cycle time difference between the master and the slave signals to reach the receiver in
the operation of loran navigational equipment.
Time delay
Which of the HF marine antenna safety link is intended to be broken during the unusual movement of
the ship?
Weak part
What is being measured in radar theory to complete the determination of a distance to a target or
object, after a high radio frequency signal is transmitted to a target?
Echo time off the object to the source

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Fiber Optics (Chapter 11: Past Board Excel)

ECE Board Exam April 2001

ECE Board Exam November 2000

ECE Board Exam April 2000

ECE Board Exam November 1999

ECE Board Exam April 1999

Best applies to an optical fiber core.

A higher refractive index than the cladding

ECE Board Exam November 1998

100 times bigger

What law does a light travelling in an optical fiber follow?

ECE Board Exam November 1997

ECE Board Exam April 1997

Insertion loss of connector-type splices for a single-mode fiber cable.

ECE Board Exam November 1996

ECE Board Exam March 1996

The dielectric material of an optical fiber surrounding the core.

ECE Board Exam April 2001

--------------------- An optical time domain reflectometer used in fiber optic communication-------

Loss per kilometer

ECE Board Exam November 2000

ECE Board Exam April 2000

Use of less repeaters

ECE Board Exam November 1999

transmitter and receiver

ECE Board Exam April 1999

ECE Board Exam November 1998

Pulse generator laser

__________ generates light beam at a specific visible frequency.

ECE Board Exam November 1997

ECE Board Exam April 1997

A non-coherent light source for optical communications system.

ECE Board Exam November 1996

The loss in signal power as light travels down a fiber is

ECE Board Exam March 1996

It is made from semiconductor material such as aluminum-gallium-arsenide or gallium-arsenide-

Light emitting diode

ECE Board Exam April 2001

ECE Board Exam November 2000

1 MHz - 500 MHz

ECE Board Exam April 2000

Refers to a characteristic of a multimode fiber optic.

ECE Board Exam November 1999

ECE Board Exam April 1999

ECE Board Exam November 1998

ECE Board Exam April 1998

Type of fiber that has the highest modal dispersion.

ECE Board Exam November 1997

ECE Board Exam November 1996

ECE Board Exam March 1996

ECE Board Exam April 2001

vertical and horizontal plates

ECE Board Exam November 2000

Which of the following is a part of an optical time domain reflectometer?

ECE Board Exam April 2000

This refers to a certain material which is most sensitive to light.

ECE Board Exam November 1999

Referred to as a light source of fiber optic which supplies level of 5

to 7 milliwats and having a narrow spectrum of emission.

Injection laser diode

ECE Board Exam April 1999

ECE Board Exam November 1998

ECE Board Exam April 1998