ORIGIN OF INTERNET

The Internet is a worldwide system of interconnected computer networks that use the TCP/IP
set of network protocols to reach billions of users. The Internet began as a U.S Department of
Defense network to link scientists and university professors around the world

The history of the Internet begins with the development of electronic computers in the
1950s. Initial concepts of wide area networking originated in several computer science
laboratories in the United States, United Kingdom, and France.[1] The U.S. Department
of Defense awarded contracts as early as the 1960s, including for the development of
the ARPANET project, directed by Robert Taylor and managed by Lawrence Roberts. The
first message was sent over the ARPANET in 1969 from computer science
Professor Leonard Kleinrock's laboratory at University of California, Los Angeles(UCLA)
to the second network node at Stanford Research Institute (SRI).
Packet switching networks such as the NPL network, ARPANET, Merit
Network, CYCLADES, and Telenet, were developed in the late 1960s and early 1970s
using a variety of communications protocols.[2] Donald Davies first demonstrated packet
switching in 1967 at the National Physics Laboratory(NPL) in the UK, which became a
testbed for UK research for almost two decades.[3][4] The ARPANET project led to the
development of protocols for internetworking, in which multiple separate networks could
be joined into a network of networks.
The Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) was developed by Robert E. Kahn and Vint Cerf in
the 1970s and became the standard networking protocol on the ARPANET,
incorporating concepts from the French CYCLADES project directed by Louis Pouzin. In
the early 1980s the NSF funded the establishment for national supercomputing centers
at several universities, and provided interconnectivity in 1986 with the NSFNET project,
which also created network access to the supercomputersites in the United States from
research and education organizations. Commercial Internet service providers(ISPs)
began to emerge in the very late 1980s. The ARPANET was decommissioned in 1990.
Limited private connections to parts of the Internet by officially commercial entities
emerged in several American cities by late 1989 and 1990,[5] and the NSFNET was
decommissioned in 1995, removing the last restrictions on the use of the Internet to
carry commercial traffic.
In the 1980s, research at CERN in Switzerland by British computer scientist Tim
Berners-Lee resulted in the World Wide Web, linking hypertext documents into an
information system, accessible from any node on the network.[6] Since the mid-1990s,
the Internet has had a revolutionary impact on culture, commerce, and technology,
including the rise of near-instant communication by electronic mail, instant
messaging, voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) telephone calls, two-way interactive video
calls, and the World Wide Web with its discussion forums, blogs, social networking,
and online shopping sites. The research and education community continues to develop
and use advanced networks such as JANET in the United Kingdom and Internet2 in the
United States. Increasing amounts of data are transmitted at higher and higher speeds
over fiber optic networks operating at 1 Gbit/s, 10 Gbit/s, or more. The Internet's
takeover of the global communication landscape was almost instant in historical terms:
it only communicated 1% of the information flowing through two-
way telecommunications networks in the year 1993, already 51% by 2000, and more
than 97% of the telecommunicated information by 2007. [7] Today the Internet continues
to grow, driven by ever greater amounts of online information, commerce,
entertainment, and social networking. However, the future of the global internet may be
shaped by regional differences in the world.[8]

HOW LARGE IS INTERNET

The exact size of the Internet is very difficult to determine. For this a Live Counter
released figures large IT sites were used. Based on the speed with which the
Internet in recent years extrapolation for the coming years has been created.
Thus the size of the Internet in grew an 2012 was calculated to be 2800
Zettabytes This number of exabytes billion terabytes. To store this amount of data
you would need 700 million 4TB hard drives or 2.8 exabytes. are 2.8 In 2013 the
amount of information on the Internet was 3.7 Zettabyte. In 2016 the amount of
data passing through the Internet grew about 26,500 gigabytes per second. A
growth of traffic is forecast by 20% annually, also of the Live-based Counter on
the basis below. One reason for this is that more and more people have access to
the Internet.
ORIGIN OF WORLD WIDE WEB (www)
Tim Berners-Lee, a British scientist, invented the World Wide Web (WWW) in 1989, while working
at CERN. The Web was originally conceived and developed to meet the demand for automated
information-sharing between scientists in universities and institutes around the world.

Tim Berners-Lee wrote the first proposal for the World Wide Web in March 1989 and
his second proposal in May 1990. Together with Belgian systems engineer Robert Cailliau,
this was formalised as a management proposal in November 1990. This outlined the
principal concepts and it defined important terms behind the Web. The document
described a "hypertext project" ycalled "WorldWideWeb" in which a "web" of "hypertext
documents" could be viewed by “browsers”.

By the end of 1990, Tim Berners-Lee had the first Web server and browser up and running
at CERN, demonstrating his ideas. He developed the code for his Web server on a NeXT
computer. To prevent it being accidentally switched off, the computer had a hand-written
label in red ink: "This machine is a server. DO NOT POWER IT DOWN!!"

The WWW design allowed easy access to existing information and an early web pagelinked
to information useful to CERN scientists (e.g. the CERN phone book and guides for using
CERN’s central computers). A search facility relied on keywords - there were no search
engines in the early years. Berners-Lee’s original Web browser running on NeXT
computers showed his vision and had many of the features of current Web browsers. In
addition, it included the ability to modify pages from directly inside the browser – the first
Web editing capability. This screenshot shows the browser running on a NeXT computer in
1993.
The Web has grown communications worldwide
HOW THE WWW FUNCTIONS
The World Wide Web (abbreviated WWW or the Web) is an information space
where documents and other web resources are identified by Uniform
Resource Locators (URLs), interlinked by hypertext links, and can be
accessed via the Internet.
commonly referred to as the Web, is a system of interlinked, hypertext documents accessed
through the Internet. It enables the retrieval and display of text and media to your computer.
To access webpages, you must use a Web browser, usually referred to as a browser. Web
browsers are programs that display text, data, pictures, animation and video on the Internet.
Web browsers provide the software interface that enables you to use your mouse to click
hyperlinked resources on the World Wide Web. Web browsers were initially only used for
surfing the Web. They are now more universal and allow users to do many more tasks,
including conducting searches, e-mailing, transferring multimedia files, participating in
discussion groups and much more. Some examples of commonly used Web browsers
are Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox, Google Chrome and Safari.