3 Enzymes - Used - in - The - Detergent - Industry PDF

Enzymes used in the
detergent industry
13/08/2012
2 13/08/2012 NOVOZYMES PRESENTATION
4 Types of enzymes are used for

different detergents
Substrate Examples
Blood, egg, milk

Protease Proteins grass, meat
Lipase Triglycerides Organic fats and oils,

sebum, lipstick
Carbohydrases
Amylase Starch Rice, noodles,

potatoes, corn
Cellulase Cellulose Cotton, viscose

Catalytic actions of detergent enzymes

Stain removal
 Surfactants can remove most of the soils in laundry.

Why do we need the enzymes?
 Enzymes and surfactants generally work complementary, and
together they can do the cleaning job at low temperature +
mild pH
 The following cartoon shows how
enzymes degrade soil partially
and surfactants bring the reminder into suspension
Removal of stain 1:
The stain is bound to a surface
Stain
Substrate
Fibre
Removal of stain 2:
A surfactant has been added
Surfactant
Soil
Fibre
Removal of stain 3:
Enzymes are added and
degrade available sites
Surfactant Enzyme
Soil
Fibre
Removal of Stain 4:
The soil comes loose
and goes into suspension
Surfactant Enzyme
Soil
Fibre
General principle of stain removal
Clean vest Stain Wash, no enzýmes Stain less visible
Wash with enzymes Stain no longer visible

Removal of invisible stains: redeposition
Clean vest Stain Washed
Washed in dirty water, No enzymes Washed in dirty water, With enzymes
 
Conclusion: Enzymes give more permanent cleaning!
Removal of inorganic particulate soils
H1: washed H2: washed

without with
cellulase cleaning
cellulase
Removal of fuzz and pills
Without cellulase With the care cellulase:

Carezyme®
Enzymes boost the removal of …
• Food and plant stains in laundry and ADW

• Invisible impurities in laundry and ADW
• Particulate inorganic soils in laundry
• Fuzz and pills in laundry
BUT….. Which enzymes for what?

International brand support model
Cellulase
Lipase Amylase
Protease
Basic performance
International brand support model
Polarzyme Stainzyme
Proteases
Proteases from Novozymes

Alcalase® For low pH, soft on wool
Esperase® For high pH, mainly I&I*
Everlase® Relatively stable in presence of bleach
Savinase® High performance standard protease
Polarzyme® High performance low temp. protease
Ovozyme® Tolerates protease inhibitors from eggs
Relase® For liquid detergents
Coronase® For liquid detergents
*I&I = Industrial and Institutional cleaning

Proteases catalyze the hydrolytic

cleavage of the peptide chain
Protease
-R1CH-CO-NH-CR2H- + H2O → -CR1H-COO- + +H N-CR H-

3 2
Proteases can provide:

• stain removal
• cleanliness
• general whitening
Facts about proteases
 Novozymes proteases have been used since 1963
 Are used in 75 % of all detergents
 Protease is a basic ingredient in laundry and ADW detergents
 Protease effects cannot be substituted by any other ingredients

Protease effect on blood spots
not washed washed 3 times, washed 3 times,

no protease with protease
Stain removal with protease in laundry
Protease Protease
no yes no yes
Cocoa Grass
(CFT) (Equest)
Blood Spinach
(CFT) (Equest)
Salmon paste Olives

(Equest) (Equest)
Protease effect on blood spots Protease

effect after 3 wash cycles and re-soiling
No Re-soiling
protease
With Re-soiling
Protease
Proteases perform well at high pH
The figure shows Alcalase versus Savinase
Relative Activity
(%)
pH
Wash performance of polarzyme 12T

25 °C, TOM1, Regular powder, 10 °dH, 20 min, EMPA 117 swatch
Unwashed
1) TOM (Tergotometer) is a small

scale method simulating top
loading US washing machine
Protease sensitive test swatches:
 CFT C-10 Pigment/Oil/Milk on cotton

 CFT C-03 Chocolate milk/Soot on cotton
 EMPA112 Cocoa on cotton
 CFT C-05 Blood/Milk/Ink on cotton
 EMPA116 Blood/Milk/Ink on cotton
 EMPA117 Blood/Milk/Ink on cotton/polyester
 EMPA111 Blood on cotton
 CS-8 Grass on cotton
 PCS-8 Grass on cotton/polyester
 EMPA164 Grass on cotton
 WfK 10N Egg on cotton
 WfK 20N Egg on cotton/polyester
Low temperature profile of polarzyme

Activity profile of Polarzyme shifted towards lower temperatures maintaining
activity at high temperature
Activity temperature profile at pH 9
1,0
Polarzyme
Savinase
Relative activity
0,8
0,6
0,4
0,2
0,0
0 20 40 60 80 100
Te mpe rature (°C)
Protease benefit tested in wash & wear test
 Consumer wash and wear test: 70 men asked to wear a white cotton T-shirt
 T-shirts collected and cut in half
 One half washed in detergent with 0.1% Polarzyme 12T
 Other half washed in well known non-biological brand
 T-shirts sewed up, redistributed for another wearing and washing cycle (4
cycles in total)
 After each cycle the person responsible for the family´s laundry was asked to
rate the result
Protease benefit in wash & wear test

- overall consumer preference
Protease benefit in wash & wear test

consumer preference for each performance attribute
Status for proteases
 Protease is applied in laundry and ADW for complete removal of

protein
 Protease is recognised world-wide as a neccesary provider of

basic detergency
Lipases
Lipase mechanism
Lipase
+ No odor
Lipase
+ Odor
Short chain fatty acids

(C4 –C8)
Dairy soils
Lipases from Novozymes
 Lipolase® Original lipase wild type lipase. Multi wash lipase
 Lipex® First wash protein engineered Lipase. Stain

removal and anti redeposition effects.
Effects with Lipase
 First Lipase introduced in 1988

 First protein engineered lipase introduced in 1998
 Lipase can to some extent replace surfactants
 Remove fatty matter at low temperature
 Provide stain removal
- Lipase
 Give in-depth cleaning
 Reduces redeposition
 General whitening + Lipase
Lipstick
Activity of Lipolase during drying
Relative Activity (%)

Lipase performance
 Lipolase works best at low water concentration i.e. during

drying of laundry
 Lipex also works at high water concentrations such as in the

main wash
Lipase for fat removal from

outside of cotton fibres
no lipase with lipase
Lard
Sebum
Olive Oil
Lipase effect on inside of cotton fibres

Cross sectional specimen of yarns soiled with olive oil
Olive oil Olive oil Olive oil

Unwashed Washed with Washed with
detergent detergent &
lipase
Lipase 1’st wash effect on polyester
0.2 mm
washed without lipase
0.2 mm
washed with lipase

Lipex - visual soil removal in 1st wash
No Lipex Lipex 500 LU/L Lipex 1000LU/L

Anti-redeposition benefits after 1st wash

- a secondary effect of Lipases
Unwashed - Lipex
textiles
+ Lipex
Status for Lipases
 Lipase can be used in laundry for complete lipid removal especially at

lower temperatures
 Secondary effect of lipases are contribution to general cleanness by

preventing redeposition of fats, oils and colorants
 In depth cleaning of textile fibres
 There is a smell issue that limits the dosage

Amylases
Amylases from Novozymes
 Termamyl® Original amylase for high temp.
 Termamyl® Ultra Highly stable liquid amylase
 Duramyl® Improved stability in the presence of

bleach
 Stainzyme® High performance “Stainfighter”.

Performs well under low temperature
wash conditions
a-Amylases
 Amylases hydrolyse a-1,4-glucose-linkages randomly forming

soluble dextrins and oligosaccharides
 The viscosity of the gelatinized starch is reduced and the

solubility enhanced
Removal of soils containing starch
 Gelatinization and swelling are needed to make the starch

susceptible to enzymatic breakdown
 For most starchy foods, various degrees of gelatinization result

from cooking
 Amylases boost the removal of starch e.g. from pasta, potato,

gravy, chocolate, and baby food
 Amylases prevent starch from adhering to the surface of

laundry and dishes and act as a glue for particulate soils
Removal of invisible starch stain
Clean vest Starch stain Washed in any detergent
Washed in dirty water, No enzymes Washed in dirty water, With enzymes

pH-profile of Termamyl and Stainzyme

Temp. profile for Termamyl and Stainzyme

Washing time
Different pH profiles
Potato starch
Cotton Polyester Nylon Polyacryl Cotton/Polyester
CFT CS-27 CFT PS-27 CFT NS-27 CFT PAS-27 CFT PCS-27
With Termamyl®
With Stainzyme®
Commercial powder with bleaching agent, dosage: 4 g/l, Commercial washing machine,
temperature: 40°C, short programme
Rice starch
Cotton Polyester Nylon Polyacryl Cotton/Polyester
CFT CS-28 CFT PS-28 CFT NS-28 CFT PAS-28 CFT PCS-28
With Termamyl®
With Stainzyme®
Commercial powder with bleaching agent, dosage: 4 g/l, Commercial washing machine,
temperature: 40°C, short programme
Status for Amylases
 Amylases important for stain removal in laundry

 Amylases are to a large extent recognised as a provider of basic
detergency in laundry
 Amylases very important type of enzymes for dishwashing applications
 Stainzyme launch is a break through in amylase technology
Cellulases from Novozymes

Celluzyme® first cellulase from NZ, colour
clarification, prevents anti-redeposition,
tolerant towards LAS. Multi-component
enzyme product. 1986.
Carezyme® colour clarification, care cellulase, high activity

on cellulose fibres, sensitive to LAS. 1998.
Endolase® prevents anti-redeposition and maintain

whiteness (in EU liquids). Works on soluble
cellulose. 1999.
Renozyme® colour clarification, robust towards anionic

surfactants, cost effective cellulase
Many cellulases have a domain structure
Catalytic Core Hydrophilic Cellulose Binding

Linker Domain
“Cellulase” enzymes working together to

degrade cellulose
CBH II Carezyme / Renozyme
G EG
R
NR
EG
CBH I
Endolase EG
Cellulase reactions
 Cellulases hydrolyse b-1,4-glucose-linkages forming soluble

dextrins
 The substrate is water-rich amorphous cellulose
In fibers this is especially found in stress points where the

cellulose crystal structure is disrupted
 Some cellulases are only active on soluble forms of cellulose

Removal of fuzz
= Clearer Colors
No Cellulase With Carezyme

Cellulase effects
 Fuzz removal (Color clarification)

 Depilling / anti-pilling
 Soil removal (cleaning)
 Anti-redeposition
 Softness
Endolase® antiredeposition effect
Without cellulase
White cotton “Grey” cotton
+
Wash With cellulase
Carbon soil
“Less grey ” cotton

Endolase® cleaning effects
Whiteness No Endolase Endolase
Unwashed Wash 1 Wash 2 Wash 3

Status for cellulases
Big difference in effects of different cellulases

 Color clarification & care: Celluzyme, Carezyme and
Renozyme
 Anti-redeposition & Cleaning: Celluzyme and
Endolase
Cellulases can support both basic performance and aesthetics
Factors influencing enzyme wash

performance
 Detergent composition
 Enzyme concentration
 Temperature
 pH
 Water hardness
 Contact time
 Type of soil
 Type of wash system
 Type of wash method
Thank you!

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Enzymes used in the

4 Types of enzymes are used for

Blood, egg, milk

Lipase Triglycerides Organic fats and oils,

Amylase Starch Rice, noodles,

Cellulase Cellulose Cotton, viscose

Catalytic actions of detergent enzymes

 Surfactants can remove most of the soils in laundry.

General principle of stain removal

Clean vest Stain Wash, no enzýmes Stain less visible

Wash with enzymes Stain no longer visible

Removal of invisible stains: redeposition

Clean vest Stain Washed

Washed in dirty water, No enzymes Washed in dirty water, With enzymes

Removal of inorganic particulate soils

H1: washed H2: washed

Removal of fuzz and pills

Without cellulase With the care cellulase:

Enzymes boost the removal of …

• Food and plant stains in laundry and ADW

BUT….. Which enzymes for what?

International brand support model

International brand support model

Proteases from Novozymes

Esperase® For high pH, mainly I&I*

Everlase® Relatively stable in presence of bleach

Savinase® High performance standard protease

Polarzyme® High performance low temp. protease

Ovozyme® Tolerates protease inhibitors from eggs

Relase® For liquid detergents

Coronase® For liquid detergents

*I&I = Industrial and Institutional cleaning

Proteases catalyze the hydrolytic

-R1CH-CO-NH-CR2H- + H2O → -CR1H-COO- + +H N-CR H-

Proteases can provide:

Facts about proteases

 Novozymes proteases have been used since 1963

 Are used in 75 % of all detergents

 Protease is a basic ingredient in laundry and ADW detergents

 Protease effects cannot be substituted by any other ingredients

Protease effect on blood spots

not washed washed 3 times, washed 3 times,

Stain removal with protease in laundry

Salmon paste Olives

Protease effect on blood spots Protease

Proteases perform well at high pH

The figure shows Alcalase versus Savinase

Wash performance of polarzyme 12T

1) TOM (Tergotometer) is a small

Protease sensitive test swatches:

 CFT C-10 Pigment/Oil/Milk on cotton

Low temperature profile of polarzyme

Activity temperature profile at pH 9

Protease benefit tested in wash & wear test

 T-shirts collected and cut in half

 One half washed in detergent with 0.1% Polarzyme 12T

 Other half washed in well known non-biological brand

Protease benefit in wash & wear test

Protease benefit in wash & wear test

Status for proteases

 Protease is applied in laundry and ADW for complete removal of

 Protease is recognised world-wide as a neccesary provider of

Short chain fatty acids