ENERGY AND

CHEMISTRY
WHAT IS ENERGY?
Energy is the capacity to do
work or to produce heat
 THERMODYNAMICS

The branch of physical science that deals

with the relations between heat and other
forms of energy
 ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT
CHARACTERISTICS OF ENERGY IS THAT IT
IS CONSERVED.
LAW OF CONSERVATION states that
energy can be converted from one form to
another but can neither created nor
destroyed. Energy in the universe is
constant.
TWO FORMS OF
ENERGY
 KINETIC ENERGY
•
 POTENTIAL ENERGY
Energy contained within a system because of its position
or composition.
TYPES OF POTENTIAL ENERGY

•Gravitational Energy
•Stored Mechanical Energy
•Nuclear Energy
•Chemical Energy
•The transfer of energy is called frictional
heat.
•Temperature is a property that reflects the
random motions of the particles in a particular
substance.
•Heat involves transfer of energy between two
objects due to a temperature difference.
•Two ways to transfer energy through: work
and through heat.
•The way that this energy transfer is divided
between work and heat depends on the
specific conditions- the pathway.
•Energy change is independent of the
pathway; however, work and heat are both
dependent on the pathway.
•State function refers to a property of the system
that depends only on its present state.
•One very important characteristic of state function
is that a change in this function (property) in going
from one state to another state is independent of the
particular pathway taken between the two states.
•Energy is a state of function, but work and heat
are not state of functions.
 We divide the universe into two parts: the
system and the surroundings.

•System is the part of the universe on which

we wish to focus attention
•Surroundings Include everything else in the
universe.
•When a reaction results in the
evolution of heat, it is said to be
exothermic ; that is energy flows out of
the system
•Reactions that absorb energy from the
surroundings are said to be
endothermic; that is when the heat
 INTERNAL ENERGY- IS THE SUM OF
POTENTIAL AND KINETIC ENERGY OF THE
SYSTEM.
 ENTHALPY (H)
•Less familiar property of a system
•Defined as
H = E + PV
Where:

E -internal energy
P -pressure
V -volume
 ENTHALPY OF REACTION
•
 CALORIMETRY
•The science of measuring heat, is base on
observing the temperature change when a
body absorbs or discharges energy as heat
•Calorimeter device use to measure the exact
enthalpy of the reactants and products;
measures the heat flow
 HEAT CAPACITY
•Specific Heat Capacity: the energy required to
raise the temperature of 1g of a substance by 1˚C
•Molar Heat Capacity: the energy required to raise
the temperature of 1mol of a substance by 1˚C
 HESS`S LAW
•
 ENERGY AND CHEMISTRY

• Defining Energy and Energy transfer

-Heat and Work
-The First Law of Thermodynamics

• Heat Capacity and Calorimetry

• Enthalpy
-Phase Changes
- Heat of Reaction
- Heat Formation
- Hess’s Law
 Thank you for your
participation! Hope
you learn something.
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