NYAMAGASANI 2-SMALL HYDRO POWER PROJECT, UGANDA

Aqua duct A’ design-Annex 2.1

Structural Design Report of flood protection wall

August, 2018
REV-00

CONFIDENTIALITY NOTICE:
This document contains information confidential and proprietary to VS Consulting (Pvt.) Ltd.
This document may contain confidential and/or privileged information. Any unauthorized
duplication, disclosure, distribution/ retransmission or taking of any action in reliance upon the
material in this document is strictly forbidden.
1 Detailed design calculation of flood protection wall (Max 5m
above river bed level)
A flood protection wall is proposed to be constructed at the river bank to protect the aqueduct support
structures.

The following parameters were used for the design of the flood protection wall

Design Parameters

Following basic design parameters were assigned in the analysis for the stability of the structure.

• Unit weight of water = 10 kN/m3

• Unit weight of soil (Dry) = 18 kN/m3
• Effective unit weight of submerged soil = (21 kN/m3-10 kN/m3) = 11 kN/m3
• Structural concrete will be grade 25 (20) with a minimum cement content of 325 kg/m3.
• Strength of steel reinforcement greater 460 N/mm2.
• Slope of retained soil; b = 0.0 deg
• Mobilization factor; M = 1.2
• Internal angle of friction for retained soil;f’ = 30.0 deg
• Saturated density of retained soil; s = 21 kN/m3
• Wall friction; d = f’ K = 30.0 deg
• Design angle of base friction; b = 30.0 deg
• Bearing capacity of founding soil; q = 175 kN/m (Considered low for safety)

Load cases for stability analysis of flood protection wall

The following load cases were considered in the stability analysis.

 TABLE 1 - LOAD CASES FOR STABILITY OF FLOOD PROTECTION WALL
Load case Stability Criteria to be
Load Case (Structural element category checked
Description
considered)

1. River Empty Condition Usual Overturning, Sliding,

Bearing,
(For boulder fill) Saturated fill up to wall top,
River water ignored
2. River full Condition (For Usual Saturated fill up to wall top, Bearing
River water full, Boulder
reinforced concrete
impact on wall
section)

3. Pore water pressure Usual Boulder fill up to wall top, Pore Overturning, Sliding,
water build up, River water Bearing, Floating
buid up inside the
ignored
boulder pack, River
water ignored (For
boulder fill)

The retaining material inside the flood protection wall is mainly boulders. Thus, it is highly unlikely to
apply lateral soil loads on the flood protection wall structure.

Note that the boulder pack in the retaining wall was designed under load case 1 and load case 3 and the
reinforced concrete arrangement of the retaining wall was designed for load case 2.

2 Loads considered in the stability analysis

Main loads applied on the flood protection wall are as below.
FIGURE 1EXTERNAL HYDRAULIC LOAD FIGURE 2BOULDER IMPACT LOAD

FIGURE 3 INTERNAL PORE WATER PRESSURE FIGURE 4 INTERNAL SATURATED FILL PRESSURE
 FIGURE 5 INTERNAL SUBMERGED FILL PRESSURE

Note that the boulder impact load applied on the wall as to simulate the worst condition.

Factors of Safety for stability analysis of flood protection wall

The safety factors for the structural stability design used can be tabulated as below.

Load condition Safety factor

category:
FOS for Sliding = 1.5

FOS for Overturning 1.5

(resultant location) =
Bearing Capacity 250kN/m2 (175kN/m2
check = for safety)

2.1 Load case 1

• Considering no pore water build up
• Considering a retaining soil load applying on the retaining wall
• 5.5m wall height considered for safety.
• The bearing was checked for 175kN/m2 (For the safety of the structure)

GABION RETAINING WALL ANALYSIS AND DESIGN (BS8002:1994)

Wall geometry
Width of gabion 1; w1 = 3500 mm; Height of gabion 1; h1 = 300 mm
Width of gabion 2; w2 = 3300 mm; Height of gabion 2; h2 = 1200 mm
Width of gabion 3; w3 = 2950 mm; Height of gabion 3; h3 = 1000 mm
Width of gabion 4; w4 = 2550 mm; Height of gabion 4; h4 = 1000 mm
Width of gabion 5; w5 = 2350 mm; Height of gabion 5; h5 = 1000 mm
Width of gabion 6; w6 = 2000 mm; Height of gabion 6; h6 = 1000 mm
Step between 1 and 2; s2 = 0 mm
Step between 2 and 3; s3 = 0 mm
Step between 3 and 4; s4 = 0 mm
Step between 4 and 5; s5 = 0 mm
Step between 5 and 6; s6 = 0 mm
Wall inclination;  = 0 deg

Wall fill
Gabion fill unit weight; d = 16 kN/m3

Retained Soil parameters

Slope of retained soil;  = 0.0 deg; Mobilization factor; M = 1.2
Internal angle of friction; ’ = 30.0 deg; Saturated density of soil; s = 21 kN/m3

Base Soil parameters

Design angle of base friction; b = 30.0 deg; Bearing capacity of soil; q = 175 kN/m2

Loading
Surcharge; po = 0 kN/m2
Coefficient for wall friction; K = 1.0; Wall friction;  = ’  K = 30.0
deg
Overturning Stability
Overturning moment; Mo = 180.9 kNm/m; Restoring moment; MR = 630.4
kNm/m
Factor of safety for overturning; Fo,M = 3.49; Min allow FOS for overturning; Fo,M,min = 1.50
PASS - Design FOS for overturning exceeds min allowable FOS for overturning
Sliding stability
Sliding force; Ff = 98.7 kN/m; Resistance to sliding; FR = 194.7 kN/m
Factor of safety for sliding; Fo,S = 1.97; Min allowable FOS for sliding; Fo,S,min = 1.50
PASS - Design FOS for sliding exceeds min allowable FOS for sliding
Pressure at base
Pressure at toe; toe = 165.3 kN/m2; Pressure at heel; heel = 27.4
kN/m2
Eccentricity; e = 417 mm; Max allow pressure to base; q = 175.0 kN/m2
PASS - Allowable bearing pressure exceeds max design pressure to base
Reaction acts within middle third of base

Check for sliding and overturning between courses 1 and 2

Overturning Stability
Overturning moment; Mo2 = 156.1 kNm/m; Restoring moment; MR2 = 552.0
kNm/m
Factor of safety for overturning; Fo,M2 = 3.54; Min allow FOS for overturning; Fo,M,min = 1.50
PASS - Design FOS for overturning exceeds min allowable FOS for overturning
Sliding stability
Sliding force; Ff2 = 90.1 kN/m; Resistance to sliding; FR2 = 258.5
kN/m
Factor of safety for sliding; Fo,S2 = 2.87; Min allowable FOS for sliding; Fo,S,min = 1.50
PASS - Design FOS for sliding exceeds min allowable FOS for sliding

Check for sliding and overturning between courses 2 and 3

Overturning Stability
Overturning moment; Mo3 = 71.9 kNm/m; Restoring moment; MR3 = 331.9
kNm/m
Factor of safety for overturning; Fo,M3 = 4.62; Min allow FOS for overturning; Fo,M,min = 1.50
PASS - Design FOS for overturning exceeds min allowable FOS for overturning
Sliding stability
Sliding force; Ff3 = 53.9 kN/m; Resistance to sliding; FR3 = 175.0
kN/m
Factor of safety for sliding; Fo,S3 = 3.25; Min allowable FOS for sliding; Fo,S,min = 1.50
PASS - Design FOS for sliding exceeds min allowable FOS for sliding

Check for sliding and overturning between courses 3 and 4

Overturning Stability
Overturning moment; Mo4 = 31.8 kNm/m; Restoring moment; MR4 = 192.1
kNm/m
 Factor of safety for overturning; Fo,M4 = 6.05; Min allow FOS for overturning; Fo,M,min = 1.50
PASS - Design FOS for overturning exceeds min allowable FOS for overturning
Sliding stability
Sliding force; Ff4 = 31.8 kN/m; Resistance to sliding; FR4 = 115.3
kN/m
Factor of safety for sliding; Fo,S4 = 3.63; Min allowable FOS for sliding; Fo,S,min = 1.50
PASS - Design FOS for sliding exceeds min allowable FOS for sliding

Check for sliding and overturning between courses 4 and 5

Overturning Stability
Overturning moment; Mo5 = 9.5 kNm/m; Restoring moment; MR5 = 102.7
kNm/m
Factor of safety for overturning; Fo,M5 = 10.84; Min allow FOS for overturning; Fo,M,min = 1.50
PASS - Design FOS for overturning exceeds min allowable FOS for overturning
Sliding stability
Sliding force; Ff5 = 14.2 kN/m; Resistance to sliding; FR5 = 68.4 kN/m
Factor of safety for sliding; Fo,S5 = 4.81; Min allowable FOS for sliding; Fo,S,min = 1.50
PASS - Design FOS for sliding exceeds min allowable FOS for sliding

Check for sliding and overturning between courses 5 and 6

Overturning Stability
Overturning moment; Mo6 = 1.3 kNm/m; Restoring moment; MR6 = 36.6
kNm/m
Factor of safety for overturning; Fo,M6 = 27.39; Min allow FOS for overturning; Fo,M,min = 1.50
PASS - Design FOS for overturning exceeds min allowable FOS for overturning
Sliding stability
Sliding force; Ff6 = 4.0 kN/m; Resistance to sliding; FR6 = 28.8 kN/m
Factor of safety for sliding; Fo,S6 = 7.18; Min allowable FOS for sliding; Fo,S,min = 1.50
PASS - Design FOS for sliding exceeds min allowable FOS for sliding

2.2 Load case 2

• Hydraulic loading from the river is considered to be applied on the flood protection wall along
with the boulder impact load

In this load case, only the reinforced concrete section of the retaining wall is isolated and checked for
stability to assure the safety of the structure further. Mainly the bearing of the footing structure is
checked and the Sliding, overtiring and floating of the reinforced concrete section is satisfied as the
structure is resting on the boulder structure.

The finite element mode done for the stability analysis is presented below.
 FIGURE 6FINITE ELEMENT MODEL OF THE RETAIN WALL
A non-linear analysis was carried out to simulate the footing bearing pressure. The most critical section
separated and spanning between the water bars were considered for the analysis.

FIGURE 7 CONSIDERED SECTION FOR NONLINEAR ANALYSIS

Bearing pressure result from the analysis is represented below (negative value indicated compression)
 FIGURE 8 BEARING PRESSURE RESULT FROM NON-LINEAR ANALYSIS
The Sliding and overtiring and floating of the reinforced concrete section is satisfied as the structure is
resting on the boulder structure.

2.3 Load case 3

• Considering a pure water build up in case the flood protection wall fails to release the water
inside through the weep holes.
• Ignoring retaining soil load on the retaining wall as the fill is boulder.
 no. dx dy dz unit wt weight
m m m kN/m3 kN
Bock 2 Bock 3 Bock 4 Bock 5 Bock 6 Total mass
Length (m) 1 1 1 1 1
Width (m) 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4
Density(m) 18 18 18 18 18
Mass (kN/m) 61.2 61.2 61.2 61.2 61.2 306

Number Length (m) Width (m) Thickness (m) Density (kN/m3)

TOTAL WEIGHT OF RETAING BLOCKS = 306.00
Footing= 1 1 3.75 0.3 24 27.03
Total weight of the Flood protection wall 333.03

Retaining wall height considered (m) 5

Sliding force from the water pressure (kN) 125
Moment due to water pressure (kNm) 208.333333
 Load Case : Case 3
Water pressure Unit
Load Case Category : Usual
M3 - Moment due to water pressure = 208.33 kNm
M - TOTAL MOMENT = 208.33 kNm
Base width L = 3.754 m
Base width B = 1 m
e = M/F = 0.63
F/A = 88.71 kN/m2
1+6e/L = 2.00
1-6e/L = 0.00

P1 =F/A * (1+6e/L) = 177.41 kN/m2

P1 =F/A *(1+6e/L) = 0.01 kN/m2

Check for base 100% in compression , TRUE

% base in compression = 100%
Hence max bearing pressure(if footing in tension) = kN/m2
Load Case : Case 3
Water pressure Unit
Load Case Category : Usual
Bearing Check
Min Bearing Pressure = 0.01 kN/m2
Max Bearing Pressure = 177.41 kN/m2
Allowable Bearing Pressure = 250 kN/m2
Therefore Bearing Check = OK
Load Case : Case 3
Water pressure Unit
Load Case Category : Usual
Overtruning Stability Analysis
Overtruning moment = 208.33 kNm
Total weight of the structure = 333.03 kNm
Length of the footing = 3.75 m
Restoring moment from wall mass= 625.10
Total Restoring moment = 625.10 kNm
FOS achieved for overturning = 3.00
FOS allowable for overturning = 1.50
Hence Overturning Stability , OK
Load Case : Case 3
Water pressure Unit
Load Case Category : Usual
Sliding Stability Analysis

Horizontal force due to water pressure = 125.00 kN

Total Sliding Force = 125.00 kN

F - Weight of the structure = 333.03 kN

phi value of base material = 30.00 deg.
Tan  = 0.58
Sliding Resistance Force = 192.27 kN

FOS achieved for Sliding = 1.54

FOS required for Sliding = 1.50
Henece Sliding Stability Analysis = OK

Uplift = 50.00
Weight of the retaing wall= 333.03
FOS for floating stability = 6.66
FOS required for floating = 2.00
OK