i

WHEN BEING SMART BECOMES A LIABILITY: IMPLICATIONS OF

SMART-SHAMING TO GRADE 11 HONOR STUDENTS

A Research Presented to
Saint Louis College
Senior High School Department
City of San Fernando, La Union

In Partial Fulfillment
Of the
Requirements for the subject
Practical Research 1
(Qualitative Research)

By:
ABUAN, JEROCSHEILL O.
BALUYUT, DANIELLA MARIE C.
CALDERON, JOHN LIMAR R.
LASCOTA, NICO CHARLES D.
JALOBER, TRICY
PIANO, RICHEL MARICON L.
PRINCENA, KRISTINE MAE C.
RAMIREZ, PATRICIA ANN HONEY LOVE G.

Ms. Melody O. Castillo

(Adviser)

May 2019
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The researchers take this chance to gratefully acknowledge the following

people who helped the researchers in making this study:

A special thanks to God who gave the researchers the gifts of

wisdom, knowledge and understanding in the process of conducting the

study. For guiding and protecting the researchers away from harm.

To Saint Louis College for giving the researchers the opportunity of

experiencing and making this research study possible.

To Ms. Melody Castillo, the research teacher who helped the

researchers through sharing her insights and expertise and for imparting

information, knowledge to the researchers.

To the participants who voluntarily participated and who helped us

by giving required information which turn in achieving the objective of the

study.

And lastly to the researchers’ parents and guardians who gave them

guidance and support both financially and morally. Also, for believing that

they can accomplish it.

 iii

APPROVAL SHEET

This Research entitled “WHEN BEING SMART BECOMES A LIABILITY:

IMPLICATIONS OF SMART-SHAMING TO GRADE 11 STUDENTS”
prepared and submitted by ABUAN, JEROCSHEILL O., BALUYUT,
DANIELLA MARIE C., CALDERON, JOHN LIMAR R., LASCOTA, NICO
CHARLES D., JALOBER, TRICY, PIANO, RICHEL MARICON L.,
PRINCENA, KRISTINE MAE C., and RAMIREZ, PATRICIA ANN HONEY
LOVE G. in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the course Practical
Research 1 has been examined and hereby recommended for approval and
acceptance.

MS. MELODY O. CASTILLO

Adviser

Approved by the COMMITTEE ON ORAL EXAMINATION

MR. AL GERALD S. BARDE MR. ADOLF CHRISTOPHER FESTEJO

Panelist Panelist
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 v

ABSTRACT

Title: WHEN BEING SMART BECOMES A LIABILITY:

IMPLICATIONS OF SMART SHAMING TO GRADE 11 HONOR
STUDENTS
Authors: ABUAN, JEROCSHEILL O.
CALDERON, JOHN LIMAR R.
LASCOTA, NICO CHARLES D.
BALUYOT, DANIELLA MARIE C.
JALOBER, TRICY
PIANO, RICHEL MARICON L.
PRINCENA, KRISTINE MAE C.
RAMIREZ, PATRICIA ANN HONEY LOVE G.

Adviser: MS. MELODY O. CASTILLO

Institution: SAINT LOUIS COLLEGE

Location: CARLATAN CITY OF SAN FERNANDO LA UNION

Synopsis: This phenomenological- qualitative study aimed to determine the

implications of smart shaming to the honor students. Specifically, it
determined how honor students feel when smart-shamed; how smart-
shaming affects the students’ academic involvement, self-esteem and
socialization. Researchers made use of observation and interview guide as
the instrument of the study. The interview was conducted to 9 participants
for the school year 2018-2019. Interview analysis was used to treat data.
It was found out that honor students feel restrain, inferiority and neglect.
They tend to restrict themselves from reciting and expressing their ideas,
both boosting and reducing their esteem level and feeling them outcast
because of their experience on smart-shaming. Hence, the researchers
suggest that appreciation, acceptance and sanctions should be shown
towards the smart-shamed honor students.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Preliminaries
Title ................................................................................................................................. i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ........................................................................................... ii
APPROVAL SHEET .................................................................................................. iii
ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................... v
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................... 7
Background of the Study........................................................................................ 7
Theoretical Framework.......................................................................................... 11
Research Paradigm ................................................................................................. 15
Statement of the Problem ..................................................................................... 16
Importance of the Study ....................................................................................... 16
Definition of Terms ................................................................................................. 17
CHAPTER II METHODOLOGY ................................................................................ 20
Research Design ...................................................................................................... 20
Study Site and Selection of Participants ......................................................... 21
Data Measure ........................................................................................................... 21
Data Collection Procedure.................................................................................... 22
Mode of Data Analysis ........................................................................................... 22
Ethical Considerations .......................................................................................... 23
CHAPTER III RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ........................................................ 24
CHAPTER IV SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS ..... 43
Summary ................................................................................................................... 43
Conclusion................................................................................................................. 45
Recommendations................................................................................................... 47
References ..................................................................................................................... 48
APPENDICES .................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
APPENDIX A...............................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
APPENDIX B ..............................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
APPENDIX C ..............................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
APPENDIX D ..............................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
CURRICULUM VITAE ....................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
DOCUMENTATION ......................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
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CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

One of the alarming issues in our society today is discrimination.

Discrimination is treating or proposing to treat, someone unfavorably because of

a personal characteristic. One great form of discrimination is smart-shaming or

mocking someone for being witty and intellectual. As defined by Hofstadter

(1963), intellect examines, ponders, wonders, theorizes, criticizes, and imagines.

It is the critical, creative, and contemplative side of mind. However, intellect is

not praised, instead it is shamed. Thus, it is common that intelligent ones receive

negative comments for sharing their logical thoughts. Smart-shaming is a way

of making a person feel uncomfortable and ashamed for who they are and what

they are capable of. It is the act of belittling someone whose opinions and

knowledge are too much to comprehend. There are approximately 50.7 million

students in the world 30 % of them are honor students. More than half of these

students suffer from smart-shaming.

According to Vaughan (2017), smart-shaming means a group of people

mocking someone for being smarter than them. Actual smart-shaming takes

place in school, where some of the more confident, less intelligent kids will mock

their more studious peers. These scenarios often happen during class recitation

wherein intelligent ones would share their mindful thoughts or even when they

would want to share further examples of their topic. Same goes through when

their text papers are returned and students will start comparing each other’s
 8

scores. The smarter ones would be teased or made fun of for their high grades.

In addition, (Pieraz, 2018) said that even in normal conversation with friends,

the smart one will get poor and rude remarks once he/she shared facts either

simple or complex. He or she may get glares when giving a rich and strong

opinion about something. Lastly, the most popular thing is when correcting

someone, the smart ones are not only judged but also made fun of.

This rampant trend of smart-shaming people is also referred to as anti-

intellectualism. According to Sison (2015), “Anti-intellectualism is defined as the

hostility and mistrust of intellectual pursuit. Those who present a typical way of

thinking deemed a danger to normality, and are considered outsiders with little

empathy for the rest of the population.” This is where the idea of having more

critical and logical thinking means these people are elitist or arrogant. It is as if

society says that being smart is a bad thing.

In thousands of public schools in the United States and Western Europe,

“defactualization” is expanding exponentially. This trend is called a modern form

of anti-intellectualism. In this type of environment, those with the facts behind

them often do not prevail. Instead, debates are won by those with the loudest

mouths and the Machiavellian ability to manipulate the emotions of others. As

a result, the vast majority of students at both the high school and university

level hold views based on a dearth of evidence and a plethora of biased opinions.

Some people tend to just go with the flow without even thinking critically about

the topic especially when they do not really know much about it. They choose to

be uninformed and uncritical; they reject facts in favor of opinions. It seems like
 9

aesthetics are now more important than the art of appreciating true substance

(Jeynes, 2015).

This flow is also a widespread on the Republic of China. Confucianism may

no longer be the ruling ideology of China, but anti-intellectualism remains to be

a dominant force in Chinese life. Instead of some Chinese indulging themselves

on critical, creative, and contemplative thinking, they appear to choose to be

uncritical, uncreative, and unreflective. Unsurprisingly, the social science

research of ancient and contemporary scholars tends to be descriptive and

repetitive. It also lacks in analytical insight, theoretical innovation,

methodological accuracy, and critical engagement with related literature because

such intellectual pursuits carry the risk of offending governmental and scholarly

authorities (Tao, 2016).

In the Philippine setting, smart-shaming is prevalent. As if intelligence is

no longer a blessing, it is more like a curse. It should be something to be proud

of and not to be ashamed of. Technically, some Filipinos do not like the idea of

having someone better or smarter than they are. Crab- mentality they say. If

someone cannot have it, everybody should not. That instead of encouraging to

continue the pursuit of knowledge and sharing of new ideas they would mock

and tease the intelligent ones. Another thing is Filipinos settle on ordinariness

and mediocrity to the point that they would just believe things without further

research. They prefer things that are already done. They would prefer gossip than

facts. Once they hear philosophical answers or statements, they would shame

the person. Instead of being curious, they will attack those who are and that is
 10

tragic. Having different thoughts or sharing strong opinions is not really

entertained that is why the intelligent ones suspend their reasoning. These are

the people who think and are not afraid to question authority when they know

that something is wrong (CynthiaAP, 2016).

This smart-shaming case of few Filipinos partially shows their ignorance.

This does not mean that they are unintelligent but it means that they tend to see

intelligence as a negative trait. One undeniable example is during elections of

Philippine Politics. Some of them seem to see intelligence as a negative quality of

a candidate just like what they say happened before during the 1992 presidential

elections. Senator Miriam Santiago lost against Fidel Ramos because some

perceived her strong personality and high intelligence skeptically. On the

contrary, few Filipinos voted for candidates who are just known for their

popularity in the showbiz industry and not by their capability and intelligence.

They do not like the idea of having ‘too smart’ officials because it intimidates

them. (Sta. Romana, 2015)

Smart-shaming in Saint Louis College, City of San Fernando, La Union is

somehow raging. Based on observation some honor students are affected by this

degrading act. An example is when an honor student recites in class, he or she

should expect harsh remarks instead of praises. It is as if it is normal to shame

someone smart and intelligent. Even outside the classroom, hearing judgments

and negative comments are frequent. Smart-shaming seems out of hand, it has

to stop.
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Thus, conducting this research would raise awareness about its

implications to honor students of the said academic institution. It is badly

needed. People should encourage intelligent conversation. It is easy to search

online and to ask questions to be enlightened, instead of believing that

knowledge is this terrible thing meant for other people.

Theoretical Framework

Theories are used to support the study in order to gain and strengthen the

credibility of the data gathered. It will be a guide throughout the completion of

the research study. The theories that were inclined in the study are the “Kapwa”

theory of Virgilio Enriquez, “Multiple Intelligence” theory of Howard Gardner and

“Strain Theory” of Robert Merton.

In Filipino psychology, Doc E's Kapwa theory gives an explanation for

togetherness that it is the core form of our psyche and also states that

conformity, empathy, and social relationship which are not bad must have

importance. But, a culture of mistrust against individualism and elitism was

introduced by Spaniards and Americans. Under their supervision of the religious

orders, schools have emphasized secondary and higher education for a few than

promoting primary education for the masses. For the great mass of Filipinos, it

is either that they have received no education at all or learned only the

mechanical processes of reading and writing without much contribution to one’s

ability for independent thought as it is observed that students were tended to

speak only what they have heard or memorized. These values are connected with

high education. The theory makes senses of some things but it would have more
 12

addressed if education is equal. Possible that smart-shaming will remain until

the field is a little more level. The togetherness of Filipinos is one of their

wonderful values. However, they should not use their togetherness to somewhat

depend on mediocrity and ignorance (Baygan, 2016).

This means that Doc E's “Kapwa” theory is trying to explain the source of

anti-intellectualism. Also, this theory wants to prevent anti-intellectualism.

However, the colonization hinders its aim. The “Kapwa” theory wants to present

how it contributes to smart-shaming. It explains that some Filipinos lack in a

proper environment that is why it is hard to launch intellectualism to the people.

The Philippine Statistics Authority (2010) said that the phenomenon of anti-

intellectualism in the form of smart-shaming is that 25% of the population is

below the poverty line, and 54% of the population have never finished high school

meaning there are many Filipinos who have the tendency to smart-shame. The

fact that life here is quite poor and almost half of the Filipinos did not finish

education, they have the tendency to be ignorant and use their ignorance as their

defense mechanism. Instead of them somehow being ashamed of themselves,

they smart-shame the intellectuals. To value knowledge and intelligence more,

these Filipinos should have access and opportunities to education.

This “Kapwa” theory would support the researchers’ study to understand

the Filipinos attitude on smart-shaming. This would also help researchers to

make Filipinos aware to realize that their acceptance to intellectuals relies on

 13

their togetherness. This theory also show the educational background and life of

Filipinos before that would serve as the researchers’ possible basis.

The second theory to support the study was Howard Gardner’s Multiple

Intelligence that identifies the seven distinct intelligences of people. This theory

has emerged to which students possess different kinds of minds and therefore

learn, remember, perform, and understand in different ways. According to this

theory, "Everyone is capable to know the world through language, logical-

mathematical analysis, spatial representation, musical thinking, use of body to

solve or make things, understanding of other individuals, and understanding of

themselves. Where individuals differ in the strength of these intelligences - the

so-called profile of intelligences and in the ways in which such intelligences are

invoked and combined to carry out different tasks, solve diverse problems, and

progress in various domains."

This theory of multiple inteligence is related to the study because it

explains that everyone is smart. However, people tend to generalize intelligences

in just linguistic/ mathematical form. Thus, smartshaming happens because it

only focuses on the intellectual capacity of individuals in the academic field.

The last theory to support the study is Robert Merton’s Strain Theory

which elucidates people want to achieve certain goals but in different ways. Ways

that the society might consider as deviant. It is categorized in four ways:

innovation, ritualism, retreatism and rebellion. Innovation where some people

do have an acceptable goal but have unacceptable means of doing it. Ritualism

is when they have an unacceptable goals but would eventually conform.

 14

Retreatism is when they would have deviant goals and means in doing things.

Last would be rebellion wherein these people reached their extent to the point

that they would do acts that really are unacceptable like suicide- bombing.

Knowing that intellectuals are innovative and experimental in their own

objectives and means. This theory supports the study because it gives an

understanding that smart-shaming happens because the intellectuals who are

innovative and experimental are somehow resisting what the society is used to,

defying the norms, culture and tradition.

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Input Process Output

I. The honor I. Interview as a tool for

students’ gathering of data
feelings when
they are II. Analysis of the feelings of
smart- honor students towards
shamed. smart- shaming.

III. Identification and analysis

II. The honor The implications
of the students’ way of
students’ way of smart-shaming
coping with smart-shaming.
of coping with to grade 11 honor
smart- students from
IV. Evaluation of the Saint Louis
shaming.
implications of smart- College Senior
shaming to honor students’ High School.
academic involvement,
III. The
self-esteem and
implications
socialization.
of smart-
shaming to
honor students
 Academic
Involvement;
 Self-Esteem;
 Socialization

Figure 1. The Research Paradigm

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Statement of the Problem

This study aimed to identify and determine the implications of smart-

shaming to grade 11 students specifically it sought to answer the following

questions:

1. What do the students feel whenever they experience smart-

shaming?

2. How does smart-shaming affect the students’ along:

a) Academic Involvement;

b) Self-Esteem; and

c) Socialization.

3. How do honor students cope with smart-shaming?

Importance of the Study

This research entitled “When Being Smart Becomes A Liability:

Implications of Smart-Shaming to Grade 11 Students” is important to the

following:

This research will benefit the honor students of Saint Louis College

because they can express their feelings about experiencing smart-shaming. Also,

this research can improve the student’s personality and/or attitude.

This research will benefit the parents because it can be used by parents

as a guide to help their child/ children to deal and cope up from smart-shaming.

Also, it can be a way for parents to realize their children’s stand and struggles.
 17

This research will benefit the community because it can improve the

community in terms of social awareness and acceptance to the intelligent ones.

This research will benefit the teachers in gaining an understanding on

their students’ struggles. It will also give them strategies on how to handle this

situation and approach the students who are involve with this type of

discrimination.

This research will benefit the school administration because it can be

used to produce ways to lessen or stop smart-shaming, conduct further

implementation and improvement of the school’s code of conduct and improve

the school’s image to the public.

This research will benefit researchers to have knowledge and awareness

on smart-shaming. It will also help them to grow in understanding that judging

or mocking others for their characteristic causes bad effect on their academic

involvement, self-esteem and socialization.

This research will benefit future researchers since the result of the study

will serve as a source of information and reference or guide in conducting their

research regarding the topic of “Smart-shaming”.

Definition of Terms

Anti-intellectualism is the belief that intellect and reason are less important

than actions and emotions in solving practical problems and understanding

reality.
 18

Crab-mentality is an attitude of some Filipinos toward the success of

others. They won’t be happy for that person, instead they will bring that person

down.

Discrimination is the unjust treatment of people’s differences especially in

the grounds of smart-shaming.

Implications is the effect of smart-shaming to honor students’ academic

performance, self- esteem, and socialization.

Intelligence is the ability to acquire and apply knowledge, skills and

abilities in natural setting. The main reason why honor students are smart-

shamed.

Know-it-all are the honor students or intelligent ones who experience

smart-shaming from people of the society.

Mediocrity is the state of some Filipinos being mediocre and settling for

what something that is usual and common.

Mocking is one of the ways of making fun or shaming the intellectuals in a

cruel way.

Rampant is the way smart-shaming is spreading and raging vigorously in

the society.

Smart-shaming is the act of mocking someone for being witty and

intelligent.
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CHAPTER II

METHODOLOGY
Research Design

This study is considered to be a Qualitative Research in which

phenomenological design is used. Creswell (1994) defined qualitative research as

“an inquiry process of understanding a social or human problem based on

building a complex, holistic picture formed with words, reporting detailed views

of informants, and conducted on a natural setting.” It expresses personal human

behavior, ideas, subject, and interest because there is a need to understand the

habit and characteristics of its relation to the study. The researchers believe that

it is appropriate to use this kind of research to gather information about the

implications of smart-shaming to the honor students. Thus, the study requires

detailed words rather than statistical numbers. It requires the use of

standardized measures in order to fit the different context and experiences of the

honor students into a limited number of fixed response to categories to which

numbers are assigned through the use of Thematic Analysis. To be more specific,

researches used Phenomenological Research Design which is based on what

people do based on what they are think. It is an approach to a qualitative

research that focuses on the commonality of a lived experience within a

particular group. This is suitable to the study because it will give a description

of the nature of the particular phenomenon that will further understand the said

phenomenon. It also refers to the experiences that are relevant to a path towards

understanding by conducting interviews, reading documents, visiting places and

 21

events. It examines the uniqueness of individuals’ live situations and reality of

life (Creswell, 2007).

Study Site and Selection of Participants

This study was conducted at Saint Louis College, City of San Fernando,

La Union. Researchers used a non-probability purposive sampling having only

selected Grade 11 honor students who experienced smart-shaming. This is to

know what they feel and the implications they have about it. With the non-

probability sampling the number of people interviewed is less important than the

criteria used to select them. The characteristics and class standing of the

participants were used as the basis of selection.

Data Measure

The study was administered to Grade 11 Honor students of Saint Louis

College, specifically the ones who experienced smart-shaming. In collecting

significant information required for the study, those students were asked for a

face-to-face interview for the sharing of their experiences.

The researchers used triangulation of method wherein observation and

interview will be practiced to gather the necessary data. For the observation, it

required a deep understanding and a focus mind to the topic and participants to

point out the main idea of the study. While in the interview designed to generate

participant’s perspective, researchers prepared objective questions to achieve

relevant and detailed answers needed for the research. The interview questions,

generally pertains to answer what are the implications of smart-shaming to the

grade 11 honor students and how they deal with it.

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Data Collection Procedure

The interview, which is the main method to be used is a face-to-face

interview sessions that are invariably scheduled in obliging the time of the

participants. Both participants and the researchers agreed that the identity of

the participants will remain esoteric and confidential. The data to be gathered

during the interview was documented through writing notes and recording both

audios and videos to ensure accuracy. Certain measures were followed during

the process of gathering of data. Researchers made sure that every participant

willingly agreed for the interview and are not forced or harmed. They were

comfortable and secured about their identities and answers. After the interview

proper, researchers will go back back to the participants to assure that they

approve to share the results. All data collected are for research purposes only

and not to be taken against the participants.

Mode of Data Analysis

The data gathered were analyzed and evaluated. In order to analyze the

qualitative data, thematic analysis shall be used. This will treat the data in which

it will be drawn out from the interview. Braun and Clark (2006) stated that

thematic analysis is a foundational method of analysis that needed to be defined

and described to solidify its place in qualitative research. Thematic analysis is a

flexible data analysis plan that qualitative researches use to generate themes

from interview data. This data analysis plan is perfect for both novice and expert

qualitative researchers because the steps are easy to follow but rigorous enough

to generate meaningful findings from the data. From the data to be collected, the
 23

data analysis plan will help the researchers to gain and increase their knowledge

and insights. It will also empower the understanding of researchers in order to

fully understand and analyze the study because it will make the data collected

organized and results will be more clear and understandable because this mode

is systematic and process-oriented.

Ethical Considerations

Ethical considerations are important because it serves as the procedure

on how will the security of participants will be implanted. The researchers

observed the following:

Letters were given to participants indicating researchers asking for

permission to conduct the interview. This letter contains the agreement and

conditions between the researchers and the participants.

The information gathered from the participants are fully confidential. The

researchers did not mention the names of participants to ensure their security

and animosity in any part of this research. They were also not in any way harmed

or discriminated in the study and the process of the interview.

Factual and accurate information is guaranteed to avoid misinformation

and spread of faux data.

The data gathered was only for the research purposes and not for personal

matters.
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CHAPTER III

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

This chapter presents the results and findings through interview data

analysis. The themes are classified and identified thoroughly within the data.

The interview findings are presented through the formulated problems: (a) what

do the students feel whenever they experience smart-shaming; (b) how does

smart-shaming affect their academic involvement, self-esteem, and socialization;

and (c) how do the participants cope with smart-shaming. Verbatim quotes are

labeled in terms of the participant’s given pseudo names.

Honor students’ feelings when smart-shamed

The first problem considered in this study dealt on what they usually feel

when they experience smart shaming.

A. Restrained

All participants felt restrained not just for themselves but also for those

who smart-shame them. A striking response was: “to experience smart-shaming

makes me feel somewhat cursed, somewhat I am bounded to my limitations.” This

response denotes how the participants are taken aback because of the act. They

feel as if they are confined that if they say what they want, they should be

prepared to be judged. It may be ironic since intelligence is a blessing but due to

smart-shaming honor students feel like it is a blasphemy.

According to Brown (2006), shame causes people to feel “trapped,

powerless, and isolated”. These emotions cause severe sadness to those being
 25

shamed to the point that they would also feel ashamed, withdrawn and doubtful

of themselves. Despite experiencing sorrow because of smart-shaming, victims

still are concerned to those who make fun of them.

B. Bothered

In fact, three participants of the study were also bothered because of

smart-shaming. One of them said: “Because what happens is that because these

people acknowledge that there’s someone better than them in terms of academics,

they might actually be discouraged, what’s the point of even striving more if you

already know that there is always someone on top of you.”

In accordance with this, Tripathy (2017) stated that when a student fails

in class and gets low marks. He or she tends to compare himself or herself with

the intellectuals and considers oneself a small person as a result inferiority

feeling increases. Thus, somehow leading him or her to shame others. This

individual feels the superiority once he or she have humiliated the intellectuals.

The sense of inferiority also applies to the intellectuals wherein they may feel

inferior when they were shamed but still they are academically superior.

Somehow, society has power over an individual; the power to control, hurt, and

curse him/her in any possible way.

Occurrence of Smart-shaming

The second question asked under this category was the occurrence of

smart-shaming. Smart-Shaming happens during discussions or recitations

inside the classroom. All of the participants answered the same idea in
 26

coincidence. A participant said, “My idea is too extravagant and they will tell you

that oh she is or he is very very what do you call pasikat.” It can be deduced that

the students who actively participate in class do not just get recognized by their

intelligence but they also receive smart-shaming.

“She raises her hand and offers an answer based on careful thought, only

to be met by the sneers and mockery of her classmates.” Pillos (2019) stated this

as an exact example of when smart-shaming usually happens. This article the

history and culture of smart-shaming was discussed in details by giving

examples. The occurrences are found similar because classroom discussions are

the platform where the honor students actually express their thoughts. The

author also discussed that even if this event seems normal, careless remarks

can penetrate through the recipient like a double-edged sword, making one feel

withdrawn or doubtful about his or her own intellectual competencies. It

remorsefully is smart-shaming at its worst and most detrimental state in which

people consider typical and this unhealthy concept has been injected into the

culture far too deep than people actually know.

Harmful actions done to honor students

The third to be considered in this study were the most hurtful words or

actions said or done to the participants.

A. Being called “Pabibo”

One of the hurtful words that six out of the nine participants received was

being called “pabibo” or “nagmamagaling.” These terms were used to label

 27

someone who tries to impart idea or opinion. A participant said, “When I present

my ideas but, afterwards they're already talking something at my back … like

stroking a knife at my back…usually the hurtful words is like pabibo, pasikat.”

As a response to this experience, one of the participants said: “It’s showing my

creativeness, hindi ‘yun pagiging pabibo.” It was then backed up by another

participant who said: “You are a smart person. You're just being yourself and

you're just expressing your idea.” It is a common notion that when someone tries

to share his or her idea, some people tend to shame him or her. It may be because

they disagree with it or they do not just get the point. It is unfortunate that

speaking up for oneself is equal to having oneself shamed by others.

“Pabibo calling” is very common nowadays. In fact, Salas (2017) considered

“pabibo” as a starter pack of people who are unaware that the trend of smart-

shaming actually damage victims. The author then discussed that if not for the

thinkers – the “pabibos” – people will not actually experience the benefits of the

ideologies they have created. An example is Dr. Jose Rizal, the national hero who

used his intelligence to free his country from colonizers who was eventually killed

for his thoughts. In the present times, the people whom the society considers as

“pabibo,” also experience the “killings” but in the form of the trend called smart-

shaming. Imagine what these “pabibos” can contribute to society if only they

were recognized.

B. Cyberbullying
 28

One alarming action done to one of the participants was cyberbullying

wherein the participant was smart-shamed online. One participant said,

“Actions. Minay day ako at finacebook ako… nag post sila sa facebook na parang

debate na lang tayo ching chong ganon parang tapos minention pa'ko sa kwan

minention pa ako sa sa comment box na ano parang do you do you hate us ganon.”

It implies that victims of smart-shaming do not simply suffer hearing offensive

words but also suffer from shaming online.

The act done to one of the participants is a form of online shaming. Skoric

(2010) stated that “online shaming is a phenomenon where citizens engage in

social policing by shaming transgressions via the Internet.” There are several

reasons why the shamers post it online. Probably as their mechanism because

they want to embarrass the intellectuals more by making fun of them or asking

for empathy and approval of others.

According to Effects of Cyberbullying (n.d), cyberbullying can cause

someone to feel completely engulfed which might lead to several feelings of

embarrassment. Several kids feel unable to divulge heart's contents to associate

adult as a result of they feel sheepish and ponder whether they'll be judged, told

to ignore it or shut their account that they could not wish to try and do. Also,

smart-shaming through cyber bullying affects their everyday lives and maybe a

constant supply of distress and worry.

C. Lack of Sympathetic Understanding

 29

One of the participants answered that he is hurt for being treated and

known for his intelligence and not for who he really is. He termed considers this

as lack of sympathetic understanding. He said “the fact that hurts me the most is

that they kept on focusing on my academic side …because usually when people

introduce me they will go like, … like high honor namin yan instead of, because

when you introduce people, you don’t normally do that because, … nawala na

‘yung, the concept of like sympathetic understanding, verstehen theres like, put

yourself into my shoes when people think that my life just revolves around

academics because I also like, I also have emotions, I also just like kpop stuff like

that, …. You see, there’s more things that you can imply for a person’s character

rather than their academics because academics is very technical and I don’t think

it should be a measure for someone.” As an interpretation to what he said, the

participant feels like the only thing people notice about him is his intelligence

and not his whole personality as if his intelligence is the only thing he is good

at. It was agreed upon by another participant saying: “that the reason why I finish

my task early is because I am smart.” She felt like people only think that the only

thing she is good at is her studies.

With this, a theory was already mentioned. Weber (n.d) defined verstehen -

a German terminology which means a sympathetic understanding or a deep

understanding of things. The participants felt the lack of understanding from the

people who smart-shame them since the only thing they see from these people

is their intelligence. Somehow those who smart-shame fail to see the other

characteristics of the intellectuals.

 30

Reasons why smart-shaming is rampant

The fourth to be considered in this study answers why is smart-shaming

rampant nowadays whereas only those who are confident in themselves can

impartially judge their own imperfections.

A. Insecurities

Believing the way a person increased should not retain an effect on the

insecurities that may be obtained later on life. According to one participant:

“person nowadays are insecure for what the others have they are insecure

because they don’t have the things, they will smart shame you”. Another

participant said: “they are insecure for what we have and they will smart shame

you instead so that it will be back fighter them that oh you’re like this or like that”.

Followed by the next one who said: “siguro ‘tong smart-shaming nagiging rampant

because of the surroundings na din kasi ung mga estyudante is they see their self

as an average nalang kaya nangingibabaw ung parang masmagagaling sa

kanila.” There are actually five out of nine participants who said that people who

smart-shame can possibly be insecure of themselves. Believing that social

interactions that a person possesses with others effectuate insecurities or

worsen them.

According to the theory of Maslow (1945) called Dynamics of Psychological

Security/ Insecurity which stated that, “People the first to identify the concept

of psychological security, in which psychological insecurity is the contrasting

feeling of expecting risk or danger to oneself”. To further explain, in Maslow’s

 31

study, psychological security/insecurity, is the feeling of safety and freedom from

fear and anxiety so, the person who smart shame others possess insecurity that

makes them contrast on what feeling they used to the concept of anticipated

emotional hurt or sadness to operationalize psychological insecurity. The ones

who smart-shame feel withdrawn and insecure of themselves and to satisfy it,

they tend to shame people who have the qualities they do not possess.

B. Superiority

Students who are capable of expressing their ideas have the possibility of

losing it due to smart shaming. They tend to lose their freedom of expression. A

participant said: “bigla nalang na may maririnig ako na pabibo recite kasi ng

recite. Parang ganun so parang ung mga nagiismart shame siguro yun mga ayaw

lang siguro nila na may nakakahigit sa kanila.” Other participant said:

“nangyayare ito pag nag rerecite ang isang kaibigan ng isang squad, tapos ‘di ba

‘pag nag-recite na siya pagtatawanan o pag sasabihan siya ng pabibo.”

According to the study of Scanlon (1972) namely Freedom of Expression,

he stated that “the doctrine of freedom of expression is generally thought to

single out a class of protected acts which it holds to be immune from restriction

to which others acts are subject.” This theory explains that freedom of expression

is a manifestation of individual autonomy in the effect of freedom from

totalitarian mind control. The victims of this activity tend to lose their freedom

because they prevent themselves from reciting and speaking up. The sole reason

is that they are sick tired of being shamed.

 32

In addition, Merton (1968), explained this one through the Strain Theory.

The smarts’ freedom of intellectual expression is seen by the society as

something deviant. Something that they were not used to.

Effects of Smart-shaming on Students

The fifth problem considered in this study dealt on how smart-shaming

affects the honor students in different aspects such as their academic

involvement, self-esteem, and social life.

a) Academic Involvement

The first under this category is how smart-shaming affect their academic

involvement.

One effect of smart-shaming to the academic involvement of the six out of

nine honor students was them restricting themselves from reciting and

expressing their ideas. One of them said: "Ayon, minsan hindi nalang ako

nagrerecite tapos kagaya ngayon mas pinipili ko na lang na ma-ob. Ibaling ‘yung

attention ko sa ibang bagay kase hindi ko kaya yung atmosphere sa classroom."

This entails that students who experience smart-shaming tend to be silent and

keep their ideas instead of expressing it. While one of them said: "In my first

quarter was like I, was very active in recitation but as quarters go by, I became

more, less active because I want the other people to also recite." Indicating that in

spite of the fact that he is being shamed, he still managed to think of the welfare

of others.
 33

According to Secillano (2016), smart-shaming hinders a person from

trailing intellectual growth dreading they might be imitated because of it.

Knowledge and intelligence is power and people should not be mocked because

of the knowledge they have gained and learned. Insinuating that students who

experience such were somehow scared of the judgment from others so they just

keep their ideas to themselves. Unknowingly, the information they can probably

impart can actually help but they do not get the chance to share it due to their

fear of being perceived as a know-it-all.

This is supported by the Affective Filter Hypothesis. According to Krashen

(1982), the affective filter is one obstacle that manifests itself throughout

language acquisition. It is a 'screen' that is influenced by emotional variables

which will prevent learning. This theoretic filter does not impact attainment

directly however, rather prevents input from reaching the language acquisition

a part of the brain. Consistent with Krashen the affective filter is prompted by

many alternative variables as well as anxiety, self-confidence, motivation and

stress.

The next effect of smart-shaming to the academic involvement of a

participant was him overthinking that eventually distracts him from studying.

He said: "minsan dina ako nakakapagreview kasi dinadamdam ko na talaga yung

mga sinasabi sa akin na pabibo, bidabida ganun." In this case smart-shamed

persons tends to take things hardly leading him to lose focus and overthink.
 34

Secillano (2016) discussed that smart shaming can lead to people not

pursuing something they are actually passionate about. Meaning overthinking

lead to higher levels of worry in regards to academic tasks since an individual

gets out of focus.

Another effect of smart-shaming to the academic involvement of two

participants was to carry the grades theirs over dependent group mates. One

said: “I'm guilty that I can do it in my own that's why I am always the leader but

the fact that people surrounding me think that I can do anything is not proper at

all.” Knowing that honor students possess intelligence, they are always hailed as

leaders in making group tasks. This increases their tendency to be smart-

shamed because when they would start assigning tasks, some uses their honor

student status against them or some would just depend on the leaders because

they know, leaders are conscious about their grade trying to maintain their

status.

Leadership Dependence does not really have a good effect at all. It is

unfortunate that this culture exists. There are some group members who are

paralyzed by leadership dependence usually ask what they should do instead of

thinking critically themselves. This causes negative impacts on the group

because some members fail to share their thoughts and opinions. This may be

due to being intimidated or simply because some members feel totally confident

that they would pass, knowing that they have a smart and responsible leader.

(How to Avoid Leadership Dependence, n.d)

 35

b) Self-Esteem

The second thing considered under the category of the study are the effects

of smart shaming to the honor students’ self-esteem.

Many people have experienced being smart shamed, a common effect to

this is decreasing one's self-esteem. Actually, seven of the participants felt that

smart-shaming reduced their self-esteem. A participant said: "so what happens

is that it lowers my self-esteem and makes me more withdrawn.” Followed by

another participants saying: "Parang ngay nawawalan na ako ng confidence sa

sarili kase nga napagsasabihan ako ng bidabida ‘tas, nasasaktan ako ng sobra

sobra ganun.” This entails that self-esteem can be unpredictable especially when

it is casually done as a habit. As if their self-esteem or confidence is being stolen

away from their personalities.

Shaming that can lower one’s self-esteem and make him or her feel less

empowered and inferior. Little things that almost everyone does such as

apologizing for being truthful, giving into negative self-talk, or comparing oneself

to others have the power to lower confidence levels in a pretty significant way

Stember (2018). It states that self-esteem can be reduced anytime and anywhere

by simply doing little things that may affect other people's lives.

According to Rose (2018), every time a person speaks badly about himself

or herself like “you can’t do anything right” a person reduces his or her own

esteem. Rose also added that "Words matter, and constantly criticizing oneself
 36

for simply being human erodes self-esteem." This entails that every little word

that will come out from the lips will have a great impact on one’s view of himself.

In contrast to what the six participants felt, two of the remaining

participants felt the opposite wherein smart-shaming somehow boosted their

self-esteem. One participant said: “Compliment siya because yun nga nasabi ko

kanina na pinipraise ka nila.” Agreed by the next participant who stated:

"namomotivate ako". This denoted that somehow being told 'You are so smart"

students consider it as a form of praise and accomplishment which serves as

their motivation for their studies. Instead of taking things negatively, they used

their pain as their strength.

According to Kogan (2019), receiving a compliment feels great. This gives

people the same positive boost as receiving cash. The health and happiness

benefits of the compliment can help them increase self-esteem. Compliments

really are one of the easiest two-way streets available in terms of spreading

happiness. The more a person gives and receives compliments, the more he or

she feels glad. This states that praising people gives a positive view and leads

people to a happy and healthy life.

c) Social Life

The last thing under this category that was considered in this study was

the effects of smart-shaming according to their social life.

One of the effects of smart-shaming on their social life was them feeling like

an outcast. Five participants felt the same effect. A participant said: "Sa totoo
 37

lang, naleleft out ako sa ano sa classroom.” While the other one uttered: “If smart-

shaming continues, then I would just see myself as an unapproachable person.”

It indicated that students being smart-shamed seem to have a bad relationship

to others. They tend to be silent in order to refrain from being smart shamed.

Students being smart shamed lack confidence, making it hard for them to even

socialize with others.

According to Bhugra (2016), Social discrimination is defined as sustained

inequality between individuals on the basis of illness, disability, religion, sexual

orientation, or any other measures of diversity. Any of diverse factors can lead

to discriminatory behaviors, especially by those who may have a degree of power

in their hands. One factor can be the difference in the intelligence of people.

Having a higher rating of intelligence can lead to discrimination since society

nowadays tends to judge and shame those people who possess uncommon

qualities. It can cause intellectuals to not really interact with others.

Another effect of smart-shaming to their social life was them just ignoring

the shame. Four of the participants do this disregarding and just focus on people

who accept them. One of them said: "Kwan hindi naman siya naapektuhan ng

social life ko kahit na ganun sila is kwan, uhm hinahayaan ko na lang ngay."

Students just ignore this smart shaming because they do not what to make it

worse. They do not want to break the relationship or friendship of others that is

why they just disregard it.

 38

Ignoring this issue could lead to negative effects in our society. According

to Crew (2019), "The learned person’s resolve to silence himself or herself creates

a silent but forceful impact upon our country that prevents us from progressing

and instead sends us into a state of regression. While we collectively celebrate

our shared ignorance of intellectual and national matters, we are also collectively

endangering the liberties that our heroes fought hard for over a hundred years

ago." It implies that if people continue to just ignore this issue, success and

progress might be impossible to be felt. It is because this issue leads to several

effects to an individual, a group of people or the whole country.

How students handle smart-shaming

The sixth problem considered in this study dealt on how they handle

smart- shaming, what are the things they do to cope with smart-shaming.

One way to handle smart-shaming is just to ignore it said the six

participants. One frankly said, "I just say it to myself that no matter what they

say is what I know matters." That has been backed up by another one saying: “I

believe in the saying work hard in silence and let success make the noise siguro

deadma.” wherein a person snubs all the negative vibes and just focuses on what

matters most and how it would help him or her grow.

According to Sudhir (2016), in the journey towards success, an individual

will meet many people who are good in criticizing and will do what it takes to

take him/her down. Still, what this individual needs to do in such a situation is

keep working hard in silence, no matter how much he or she wants to shut them
 39

up. There is a much better way than just shouting and taking out anger; shut

them with a unique success story. Entailing that the intellectuals should create

an environment that would not let any negative voice reach his/her heart or

mind. Not paying attention to bad criticism is important as it can motivate

oneself instantly. But make it a point to segregate bad criticism from positive

criticism, for the latter will aid him or her in making necessary corrections in

approach to get successful. So, never underestimate the potential and never

indulge in fighting with critiques as maturity comes naturally when the price of

success is paid.

The second way to handle smart-shaming is just to take it constructively,

positively wherein two participants said the same thing. One said: "Instead of

handling it not constructively just take it constructively ‘cause if you take it

constructively, it is more easeful. It will ease your feelings. It will ease your mind,

for letting your mind overthink, just do your best and be your best because by that

you’re also telling others no matter what you say I will stand perfectly and hard."

While the other one stated that: "So what I do to handle this is comfort from my

friends, comfort from my family. So maybe next time you should avoid smart-

shaming but instead take it, make it a more sincere compliment." These statements

entails that some students prefer to take things positively to boost their

confidence. Hence, it will not just help them discount the sorrow, but will also

help them grow in the aspects of life.

 40

According to Mindvalley (2011), confidence is not something that can be

studied like a set of conventions; confidence is a state of mind. Being optimistic,

training, knowledge and talking to other people are all useful ways to help

improve or boost confidence levels. Implying that confidence comes from feelings

of well-being, acceptance of one’s body and mind (self-esteem), and belief in one’s

own ability, skills, and experience. The participants cope by attributing the

confidence, the bullies would like to possess. This clearly shows that intellectuals

might receive discouragement but still, they managed to convert as a source of

encouragement.

Suggestions of Honor Students on how smart-shaming would end

The last thing under this category considered in the study would be the

suggestions of the smart-shamed students on how this act would be eliminated.

a. Appreciation

Three of the participants suggested smart-shaming can be stopped if

everyone would just learn to appreciate and not condemn their intelligence. One

stated that: “Siguro i-appreciate na lang natin na at least nakapapagrecite, hindi

‘yung nang-iismart-shame pa.” This implies that these students seek for

appreciation and not criticism from others.

Appreciating and Valuing Diversity (n.d) stated that having diversity in

qualities means recognizing that everyone is unique and talented in their own

ways. The society should embrace diversity to create a progressive community.

Entailing that appreciation for these intellectuals would make them feel normal
 41

and accepted. This would give them the liberty to freely express their thoughts

and opinions that can be used to create a positive change in the country.

b. Acceptance

Three other participants sees acceptance as a key to end smart-shaming.

One of them said: “Smart-shaming can be stopped if each one of us will believe

that we have the wisdom…. If we can do it, someone might as well can do it.”

Followed by another participant saying: “To solve this, I just want them to have a

little more respect to themselves. Give them more credit.” This indicate that the

acceptance of one another’s capabilities and wisdom would put an end to this

issue.

Gardner (1963) formulated the theory of Multiple Intelligence wherein he

explained that everyone is intelligent in their own different ways. The knowledge

and acceptance of these differences could lead to the betterment of people.

Hence, Bosun (2019) believed that the intellect of everyone comes in different

forms. This means that people have their own strength and weaknesses. Instead

of discouraging others for not being good at certain aspects, people should help

one another to overcome this so that everyone can be knowledgeable and able to

use it properly. It would help make the world a better place if only everyone would

accept that we all are flawed but still capable.

 42

c. Sanctions

The last three suggested that those who smart-shame should be

reprimanded in order to end this act. One said: “Siguro dapat ‘yung mga ano mga

nagiismart shame dapat nirereprimand. And Siguro hindi namn enough yung

sinasabihan lang ng teacher. Dapat iconsider sya as an offense siya here in

school.” One even said: “to solve this kinds of problem teachers must see their

students individually the individual characters of each student so the teacher can

cope up and help and the school can help too.” This means that there would be

a sanction so that things would be prevented. If only people would make a rule

against it.

Republic Act 10627 is the Anti-Bullying Act of 2013 and it can be protect

the smart-shamed ones because smart-shaming is an act of belittling someone.

However, smart-shaming is not really mentioned in this act. This simply suggests

that lawmakers or school authorities should create a rule to end this.

 43

CHAPTER IV

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATION

This chapter presents the findings, summary, conclusions and

recommendations of the study. It sought to emphasize the important details and

the specific and deeper understanding of the study.

Summary

This research entitled “When Being Smart Becomes A Liability:

Implications of Smart-Shaming to Grade 11 Honor Students” aimed to analyze

and evaluate the experiences and implications of smart-shaming towards the

honor students.

This study was considered to be a Qualitative Research with

phenomenological design. It required the use of thematic analysis in order to fit

the different context and experiences of the honor students into a limited number

of fixed response to categories which numbers are assigned. The study was

conducted at Saint Louis College, City of San Fernando La Union with the help

of selected nine participants using non-probability purposive sampling having

only those students who experienced smart-shaming. In sharing the

participant’s answers and experiences, a face to face interview was held with the

used of triangulation of method wherein interview and observation was done to

gather necessary data. The gathered information during the interview and

observation was documented through writing note and recording both audios

and videos to ensure accuracy. After which the information gather were analyzed
 44

and evaluated, Ethical Considerations were also considered during the study.

Researchers consider those participants who voluntarily wants to participate in

the study with the use of a letter indicating that the data gathered are fully

confidential, not mentioning their names and ensuring their security and safety.

With no harm done, the interview was done successfully perceiving factual and

accurate information to avoid misinformation and spread of faux data. The

researchers found out that:

1) Honor Students feel restrain, inferiority, or neglect because of their

experience on smart-shaming not only for themselves but also for those

who smart-shame them which mostly happens during class discussions

and recitations. Thus, researchers found out that being called pabibo,

getting cyberbullied and being stereotyped were the most hurtful things

they received. Furthermore, insecurities and feelings of superiority were

the reasons why such act happens.

2) Smart-shaming affects the honor students in their :

a. Academic involvement is affected in the way they tend to restrict

themselves from reciting and expressing their ideas because they

feel like speaking up means they would be judged eventually; to

overthink and be distracted because of the anxiety smart-shaming

caused them; and to feel the burden of carrying their over dependent

group mates because these people thought that they are already

capable of doings tasks on their own so they do not bother helping

the intellectuals.
 45

b. Smart-shaming affects the honor students in aspect of their self-

esteem by both boosting and reducing their esteem level. It boosts

their confidence because being considered smart, motivates them to

perform more in class.

c. Smart-shaming affects the honor students’ social life by them feeling

like outcasts and by learning to ignore those who smart-shame.

3) Smart-shaming were handled through ignoring it and taking it

constructively. Hence, they suggested that accepting and appreciating

differences among people and enacting rules to reprimand those who

smart-shame could eradicate smart-shaming.

Conclusion

1) Honor students feel restrained, neglected and inferior not only for

themselves but also for those who shame them because the difference in

their mental capacities hinder them in treating one another equally.

During class discussions and recitations are the moments when honor

student experience smart-shaming because they can freely share their

knowledge and intelligence during this time. Several forms of harming

were done towards the honor students such as pabibo and nagmamagaling

calling, cyberbullying and stereotyping because these acts degrade and

discourage the intellectuals. Smart-shaming happens because of some

people feeling insecure about themselves due to people’s unacceptance of

differences in people.

2) The effects of smart-shaming to the:

 46

a. Their academic involvement is affected by honor students restricting

themselves from reciting and expressing their ideas because it would

trigger judgment and shaming from others; be overthinking that

causes distraction from studying and by carrying the burden of their

over dependent group mates who do not bother helping them

because they believe that these honor students are grade-conscious

and they will not fail.

b. Smart-shaming affects the honor students in aspect of their self-

esteem by both boosting and reducing their esteem level. It increases

their self-esteem because these students take it as compliment.

While some take it negatively as a discouragement.

c. Smart-shaming affects the honor students’ social life by them feeling

like outcasts as if their intelligence hinders them from making

friends with others. While some people got tired of it and decided to

just ignore the smart-shaming.

3) The ways on how honor students handle smart-shaming were just to

ignore it and just to take it constructively. Ignoring the smart-shaming

avoids them from getting affected and taking it constructively helps them

grow in understanding of others. Hence, they suggested that accepting and

appreciating differences among people and enacting rules to reprimand

those who smart-shame could eradicate smart-shaming.

 47

Recommendations

Careful and in-depth understanding was made to make it sure that

everything is good and complete. Therefore, the researchers strongly recommend

that:

1) The school administrators should strongly implement a policy that

would address not just smart-shaming but any form of bullying.

2) Teachers should view the students’ personalities and capabilities

individually. This could avoid students feel insecurity and

inferiority.

3) Group activities that develop bond and camaraderie among students

should be done. This will not only break the walls among differences

but it would also enhance their multiple intelligence.

4) People should have an acceptance and understanding about the

different intelligences. Everyone has distinct characteristics,

strengths and weaknesses. Instead of criticizing the lapses, people

should improve such for the betterment of everyone

5) Future researchers of this study should interview more people like

those who smart-shame to identify various results that the current

researchers failed to discover. They could also distinguish the

implications of smart-shaming to non-honor students.

 48

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