Problem 4 [Correction for MWF Room-3 AM Class] Problem 7 [Including weight of member]

The collar bearing shown is subject Determine the elongation of

to a 300 kN force. The collar is 15 the cylindrical aluminum
mm thick. Find “d” and “D” (to the bar. Unit weight of
nearest mm) so that the allowable aluminum is 27 kN/m3.
normal stress in the column is 150 P = 50 kN
MPa, the allowable shearing stress L = 8m
in the collar is 200 MPa and the d1 = 60 mm
allowable bearing stress between d2 = 30 mm
the collar and the support of 50 E = 72 GPa.
MPa is not exceeded. Also, the
angle of inclination of the force “P”
is 30˚.

Solution: Solution:
Solve for “d” from normal stress of column: Solve for deformation of bar excluding weight of member:
𝑃 sin 30 𝑃 sin 30
𝜎𝑁𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑙 = = 𝜋 𝛿𝑤/𝑜 𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 = 𝟑. 𝟗𝟐𝟗𝟖𝒎𝒎
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 (𝑑)2
4
Note: See module class notes for solution
300,000𝑁 sin 30
150 𝑀𝑃𝑎 = 𝜋 → 𝑑 = 35.7𝑚𝑚 ≈ 𝟑𝟔𝒎𝒎 → 𝑨 Solve for deformation of bar having a load due to weight of member alone:
(𝑑)2
4 Step 1: The load here is due to weight of member, thus load is
𝑘𝑁 𝑁
Solve for “d” from the shear stress of collar due to punching shear 𝑃 = 𝛾𝑉 → 𝛾 = 27 3 = 27,000 3
𝑚 𝑚
𝑃 sin 30 𝑃 sin 30
𝜏𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟 = =
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝜋𝑑𝑡 Step 2: Recall the formula for obtaining volume of frustum of a cone.
1
300,000𝑁 sin 30 𝑉 = 𝜋ℎ(𝑟 2 + 𝑅2 + 𝑟𝑅)
200 𝑀𝑃𝑎 = → 𝑑 = 15.9𝑚𝑚 ≈ 𝟏𝟔𝒎𝒎 3
𝜋𝑑(15𝑚)
Step 3: Create a model of Volume of frustum of a cone starting from the
Note: “d” obtained from normal stress governs. bottom. (Just model “R” as a function of x)
Mode 3-2
Solve for “D” from bearing stress between collar and support X (distance) Y (radius)
𝑃 sin 30 𝑃 sin 30
𝜎𝑏 = =𝜋 𝜋 1 0 15
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 (𝐷)2 − (𝑑)2
4 4 2 8000 30
AC: Shift-1-5:
𝑃 sin 30
50 𝑀𝑃𝑎 = 𝜋 𝜋 = 𝟕𝟏. 𝟑𝟔𝟓𝒎𝒎 A→𝑨
(𝐷)2 − (𝑨)2 B→𝑩
4 4
𝑅 = 𝑨 + 𝑩𝑋
1
𝑉 = 𝜋𝑋[(15) + (𝑨 + 𝑩𝑋)2 + 15(𝑨 + 𝑩𝑋)]
2
3

Step 4: Solve for deformation due to weight alone:

𝛿𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑒 =
3
𝑁 1𝑚 1
8000 (27,000 )( ) { 𝜋𝑋[(15)2 + (𝑨 + 𝑩𝑋)2 + 15(𝑨 + 𝑩𝑋)]}
∫ 𝑚3 1000𝑚𝑚 3
0 𝜋(𝑨 + 𝑩𝑋)2 (72,000𝑀𝑃𝑎)

𝛿𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑒 = 0.008𝑚𝑚

Note: You may confirm your answer using the derive formula for similar
situation (from Strength of Materials – Singer Solution Manual, See
Appendix 1)
𝛾𝐿2 (𝐷 + 𝑑) 𝛾𝐿2 𝑑 2
𝛿= − = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟖𝒎𝒎
6𝐸(𝐷 − 𝑑) 3𝐸𝐷(𝐷 − 𝑑)

Step 5: Solve for total deformation:

𝛿𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 𝛿𝑤/𝑜 𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 + 𝛿𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑒

𝛿𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 3.9298𝑚𝑚 + 0.008𝑚𝑚 = 𝟑. 𝟗𝟑𝟕𝟖 𝒎𝒎

Problem 8 [Correction for MWF Room-3 AM Class]
Steel rod AC having a cross Thus to solve the ratio of Deformation of rod AC to Spring DE
sectional area of 250 mm2, jointly ∆𝐶 𝛿𝐷𝐸
support the 10 kN load with spring =
12𝑚 16
DE having a flexibility of
0.0005mm/N and an un-stretched 𝛿
length of 9m. Bar BCE is rigid. ( 𝐴𝐶 ) 𝛿
cos 45 𝐷𝐸
Assuming that there was no slack =
or stress in rod AC or spring DE 12𝑚 16
before the load was applied;
1. Determine the ratio of the 𝛿𝐴𝐶 12 cos 45
= = 𝟎. 𝟓𝟑 → 𝑨
deformation of rod AC to spring 𝛿𝐷𝐸 16
DE.
2. Determine the force on rod AC
in kN.
To solve for the forces at AC and DE, get summation of moment at B
3. Determine the force on spring
DE (kN). 𝐹𝐴𝐶 sin 45 (12 𝑚) + 𝐹𝐷𝐸 (16 𝑚) = 10,000𝑁 (16 𝑚)

160,000 𝑁 ∙ 𝑚 − 𝐹𝐴𝐶 sin 45 (12 𝑚)

Solution: 𝐹𝐷𝐸 = → 𝐸𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 1
16 𝑚
Note: Bar BCE is rigid (it will not deform). Thus, after all deformation has
happened, bar BCE is still a straight bar. From previous equation (the one with stored value at A)
In reality the swing of bar BCE will create an arc, but since the 𝛿𝐴𝐶 = 𝑨 𝛿𝐷𝐸
deformation values are very small, we assume lines instead of arcs.
Thus, creating a right triangle as shown below. 1000 𝑚𝑚
𝐹𝐴𝐶 (√122 + 122 𝑚) ( 1 𝑚 ) = 𝑨 𝛿 → 𝐸𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 2
𝐷𝐸
(250 𝑚𝑚2 )(200,000 𝑀𝑃𝑎)

Get equation for deformation of DE (from stiffness)

Note: Stiffness is inverse of Flexibility. It tells us how much force is
required for the material to deform by unit length.

𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 1
𝑆𝑡𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠 = =
𝐷𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝐹𝑙𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦
∆𝑪 𝜹𝑫𝑬 𝑆𝑡𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠 = 0.0005 𝑁/𝑚𝑚−1 = 2000 𝑁/𝑚𝑚
𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 𝐹𝐷𝐸
𝛿𝐷𝐸 = =
𝑆𝑡𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠 2000 𝑁/𝑚𝑚

Substitute back to equation 2

Relate deflection C to deformation of DE using similar triangles
1000 𝑚𝑚
∆𝐶 𝛿𝐷𝐸 𝐹𝐴𝐶 (√122 + 122 𝑚) (
= 1𝑚 )=𝑨 𝐹𝐷𝐸
12 𝑚 16 𝑚 (250 𝑚𝑚2 )(200,000 𝑀𝑃𝑎) 2000 𝑁/𝑚𝑚
A

45⁰
Substitute equation 1 to equation 2.
1000 𝑚𝑚
𝐹𝐴𝐶 (√122 + 122 𝑚) ( ) 160,000 𝑁 ∙ 𝑚 − 𝐹𝐴𝐶 sin 45 (12 𝑚)
1𝑚 =𝑨
(250 𝑚𝑚2 )(200,000 𝑀𝑃𝑎) 𝑁
16 𝑚 (2000 )
𝑚𝑚
𝐹𝐴𝐶 = 𝟓𝟓𝟐𝟑. 𝟖𝟓 𝑵

To solve Force DE, substitute back to equation 1

C
𝜹𝑨𝑪 𝐹𝐴𝐶 = 𝟕𝟎𝟕𝟎. 𝟓𝟑 𝑵
∆𝑪

45⁰
Note: The small triangle form has an angle of 45 degrees for the reason
that the angle at A is 45 degrees.
As to why this is the triangle formed from this deformation and
deflection at point C, refer to Appendix 2 for similar problem.

Relate deflection C to deformation of AC

𝛿𝐴𝐶
∆𝐶 =
cos 45
 APPENDIX 1

Solution to Problem 219 Axial Deformation

A round bar of length L, which tapers uniformly from a diameter D at one end to a smaller diameter d at
the other, is suspended vertically from the large end. If w is the weight per unit volume, find the elongation
of ω the rod caused by its own weight. Use this result to determine the elongation of a cone suspended
from its base.

Solution 219

PL
=
AE
For the differential strip shown:
δ = dδ
P = weight carried by the strip = weight of segment y
L = dy
A = area of the strip

For weight of segment y (Frustum of a cone):

P = wVy
From section along the axis:
x D−d
=
y L
D−d
x= y
L
Volume for frustum of cone
V = 13 h (R2 + r2 + Rr)
Vy = 13 h [ 14 (x + d)2 + 14 d2 + 12 (x + d)( 12 d) ]
Vy = 121 y [ (x + d)2 + d2 + (x + d)d ]
1
P = w [ (x + d)2 + d2 + (x + d)d ] y
12
1
P = w [ x2 + 2xd + d2 + d2 + xd + d2 ] y
12
1
P = w [ x2 + 3xd + 3d2 ] y
12
w (D − d)2 2 3d(D − d)
P = 2
y + y + 3d3 y
12 L L
Area of the strip:
2
1 2 D−d
A= 4 (x + d) = y+d
4 L
Thus,
PL
=
AE
w (D − d)2 2 3d(D − d)
2
y + y + 3d3 y dy
12 L L
d = 2
D−d
y+d E
4 L
 (D − d)2 2 3d(D − d)
y + y + 3d2
4w L 2 L
d = y dy
12E (D − d)2 2d(D − d)
y 2+ y + d2
L 2 L
(D − d) y + 3Ld(D − d)y + 3L2 d2
2 2

w L2
d = y dy
3E (D − d)2 y2 + 2Ld(D − d)y + L2 d2
L2
w (D − d) y + 3Ld(D − d)y + 3L2 d2
2 2
d = y dy
3E (D − d)2 y 2 + 2Ld(D − d)y + L2 d2
Let: a = D − d and b = Ld
w a2 y 2 + 3ab y + 3b2
d = y dy
3E a2 y 2 + 2ab y + b2
w a2 y2 + 3ab y + 3b2 a
d = y dy
3E (ay)2 + 2(ay)b + b2 a
w a3 y 3 + 3(a2 y 2 )b + 3(ay)b2
d = dy
3aE (ay + b)2
w [ (ay)3 + 3(ay)2 b + 3(ay)b2 + b3 ] − b3
d = dy
3aE (ay + b)2
The quantity (ay)3 + 3(ay)2 b + 3(ay)b2 + b3 is the expansion of (ay + b)3

w (ay + b)3 − b3
d = dy
3aE (ay + b)2
w (ay + b)3 b3
d = − dy
3aE (ay + b)2 (ay + b)2
w
d = [ (ay + b) − b3 (ay + b)−2 ] dy
3aE
L
w
= [ (ay + b) − b3 (ay + b)−2 ] dy
3aE 0
L
w (ay + b)2 b3 (ay + b)−1
= −
3aE 2a −a 0
2 3 L
w (ay + b) b
= +
3a2 E 2 ay + b 0
w 1 2 b3 1 2 b3
= 2 2 (aL + b) + aL + b − 2 b + b
3a E
w 1 b3
= 2 2
2 (aL + b) + − 32 b2
3a E aL + b
 w (aL + b)3 + 2b3 − 3b2 (aL + b)
= 2
3a E 2(aL + b)
w (aL) + 3(aL)2 b + 3(aL)b2 + b3 + 2b3 − 3ab2 L − 3b3
3
= 2
6a E aL + b
3 3 2 2
w a L + 3a bL
= 2
6a E aL + b
Note that we let a = D –d and b = Ld

w (D–d)3 L3 + 3(D–d)2 (Ld)L2

=
6(D–d)2 E (D–d)L + Ld
w (D–d)L3 [ (D − d)2 + 3d(D–d) ]
=
6(D–d)2 E LD–Ld + Ld
3 2
wL (D − d) + 3d(D–d)
=
6(D–d)E LD
3
wL D − 2Dd + d2 + 3Dd–3d2
2
=
6(D–d)E LD
wL3 D 2 + Dd–2d2
=
6(D–d)E LD
wL3 D(D + d)–2d2
=
6(D–d)E LD
wL3 D(D + d) wL3 2d2
= –
6(D–d)E LD 6(D–d)E LD
2 2 2
wL (D + d) wL d
= – answer
6E(D–d) 3ED(D–d)
For a cone: D
= D and d = 0
2
wL (D + 0) wL2 (02 )
= –
6E(D–0) 3ED(D–0)
2
wL
= answer
6E
 APPENDIX 2

1
Sample Problem 2.3

The rigid bar BC in Fig. (a) is supported by the steel rod AC of cross-sectional area
0:25 in. 2 . Find the vertical displacement of point C caused by the 2000-lb load. Use
E ¼ 29  10 6 psi for steel.

Solution
We begin by computing the axial force in rod AC. Noting that bar BC is a two-force
body, the FBD of joint C in Fig. (b) yields
SFy ¼ 0 þ" PAC sin 40  2000 ¼ 0 PAC ¼ 3111 lb
The elongation of AC can now be obtained from Eq. (2.6). Noting that the length of
the rod is
LBC 8  12
LAC ¼ 
¼ ¼ 125:32 in:
cos 40 cos 40
we get
 
PL 3111ð125:32Þ
dAC ¼ ¼ ¼ 0:053 78 in: ðelongationÞ
EA AC ð29  10 6 Þð0:25Þ

39

Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
 The geometric relationship between dAC and the displacement DC of C is illus-
trated in the displacement diagram in Fig. (c). Because bar BC is rigid, the movement
of point C is confined to a circular arc centered at B. Observing that the displace-
ments are very small relative to the lengths of the bars, this arc is practically the
straight line CC 0 , perpendicular to BC. Having established the direction of DC , we
now resolve DC into components that are parallel and perpendicular to AC.
The perpendicular component is due to the rotation of bar AC about A, whereas the
parallel component is the elongation of AC. From geometry, the enlarged portion of
the displacement diagram in Fig. (c) yields
dAC 0:053 78
DC ¼ ¼ ¼ 0:0837 in: # Answer
sin 40 sin 40
1

40

Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.