TOMAS CLAUDIO COLLEGES – BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

THE POTENTIAL OF BANANA PEEL (Musa acuminata) AS AN ALTERNATIVE

BIODEGRADABLE PLASTIC

A Research Presented to the Faculty of

Senior High School Department

Tomas Claudio Colleges

Morong, Rizal

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Course

Practical Research 2

By

Angeles, Francine Nicole C.

Cebanico Jr., Leomel D.
Gorospe, Great Don Ediz S.J.
Ibañez, Lara Isobel A.
Maranan, Emanuelle Christian S.M.
Martinez, Ariel Margret S.
Sanchez, Louie A.

February 2020
 TOMAS CLAUDIO COLLEGES – BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

CHAPTER 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction

Plastics are vital in everyday life and offer a variety of benefits. Hence,

Philippines generate 2.7 million tons of plastic annually, contributing to over 300

million tons that is being produced all over the world. However, the ascending amount

of plastic is directly proportional to the deteriorating water pollution. According to a

2016 study published by the World Economic Forum, there are 8 million tons of plastic

that enters the ocean every year. It took 500-1000 years to be completely

decomposed.

In order to reduce the usage of petroleum-based plastic and lean more in using

a biodegradable plastic, the following bill is implemented to enact this practice of

etiquette.

As stated by House Bill No. 359, section 3:

“Biodegradable Plastic Bags, six (6) months after the affectivity of this Act,
commercial establishments shall provide biodegradable plastic bags to their consumer.
Provided, that they shall promote and made available for sale locally made bayong, and
other reusable bags that are made of abaca, water lily and other organic or compostable
materials: Provided further, that establishment may still provide other plastic bags as
sanctions under section 5 of this Act.”

Thus, plastic cause environmental pollution as it lacks non-biodegradable

characteristics and has a harmful by-products and chemicals which are being released

during their breakdown process. Therefore, producing an alternative biodegradable

 TOMAS CLAUDIO COLLEGES – BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

plastic is indispensable to ease the problem. Despite paper bags can also be a

solution, bio-plastic is a lower cost, more productive and efficient. Biodegradable

plastic can be defined as plastic made of biomass or by biological sources such as

banana peel and other vegetable wastes that contain starch.

Banana peel is rich in cellulose and starch (C6H10O5). These are

predominantly raw materials which are being used in bio-plastic industry. The most

widely used is starch, a natural polymer that can be incorporated in various materials.

It can be used in variety of applications since they can be incorporated with various

petroleum-based polymers or biopolymers to create unique composite materials.

Starch is consist of two different types of polymer chains, called amylose and

amylopectin, made up of adjoined glucose molecules that are bonded together

forming a plastic.

Moreover, aside from being durable and stretchable of the bio-plastic due to

banana peels’ starch, it also has higher efficiency as it could bear the weight one and

a half time more than the traditional petroleum-based plastic. Bio-plastic only took

three to six months to be fully decomposed which is much quicker than synthetic and

petroleum-based plastic which could take hundreds of years.

Objective of the Study

1. To measure the effectiveness of Banana peel (Musa acuminata) as a

biodegradable plastic in terms of durability, decomposition rate, and flexibility.

 TOMAS CLAUDIO COLLEGES – BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

2. To reduce pollution by introducing Banana peel (Musa acuminata) as an

alternative for plastic.

3. To determine if there is a significant difference between Banana peel (Musa

acuminata) as biodegradable plastic compared to petroleum-based plastic in

terms of durability, decomposition rate, and flexibility.

4. To provide an alternative, durable and non-polluting biodegradable plastic.

5. To introduce banana peel (Musa acuminata) as an alternative biodegradable

plastic.

Theoretical Framework

There are existing theories that explain the idea of how the potential of banana

peel (Musa acuminata) to be an alternative for bio-plastic have brought about.

According to Elif Bilgin's theory on 2013 about the concept for alternative plastic, it

has to be an organic waste source as the traditional plastic is affecting the environment

widely.

Thus, potatoes and other organic materials have been proven to be an

alternative plastic. These natural wastes were rich in starch that is necessary for the

production of the plastic. Therefore, she theorize that banana peel is likewise has the

potential to be a bio-plastic because of its richness in starch (12.78+0.9). This concept

is to produce a biodegradable plastic that will reduce the production of petroleum-

based plastic that undergoes chemical processes and are affecting the environment.
TOMAS CLAUDIO COLLEGES – BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

THE POTENTIAL OF BANANA PEEL (Musa acuminata) AS AN

ALTERNATIVE BIODEGRADABLE PLASTIC

INPUT PROCESS

•Banana Peel (Musa A. Gathering of B. Making the

acuminata) Materials Biodegradable Plastic

• Water • Cut and whisk the

• Vinegar C. Drying the mixture banana peels

• Honey • Heating up the peel

• Cinnamon on fire for 5 minutes

D. Testing the
• Add 250 mL water
Biodegradable Plastic
• Thyme
and strain it from the
• Oven
OUTPUT heated banana peels.
• Fruit Grinder
•Mixing the vinegar,
• Frying Pan
honey, cinnamon and
Determined Potential
• Strainer
thyme with the peels.
Level of Banana peel
• Measuring Cup
• Mould and Cook the
as an Alternative
• Pair of scissors
mixture at 150oC for
Biodegradable Plastic
15 minutes.

FIGURE 1
Graphic Organizer of the Study
 TOMAS CLAUDIO COLLEGES – BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

Conceptual Framework

The researchers formulated the graphic organizer to help analyze the potential

of Banana Peel (Musa acuminata) when used as Biodegradable Plastic. Included in

the organizer are three (3) boxes or frames namely the Input, Process and Output

frames.

The first frame includes the materials used in the study referring to Banana

Peels, Vinegar, Honey, Cinnamon and Thyme. The second frame includes the

process of making Biodegradable Plastic, wherein cutting, crushing, heating,

whisking, mixing, cooking, stretching, drying, and testing of the biodegradable plastic

product are shown. The last frame represents the output which is the determined

potential level of Banana Peel as Biodegradable Plastic.

Significance of the Study

Suppliers and Vendors. Due to the abundant supply of bananas here in the

Philippines, the income of the suppliers as well as the vendors will increase.

Environment. This will also help in the reduction of environmental problems

like water pollution and flooding which are the major adversity to the people who lives

in the squatter’s area.

Consumers. Likewise, the community could also benefit its production

especially consumers with their goods and commodities in the market.

 TOMAS CLAUDIO COLLEGES – BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

Government. The study will also be favorable for the Government and

Manufacturing Industry as it will provide new ways and idea in producing a harmless

and eco-friendly plastic.

Future researchers. This can also be an aid for the future researchers who

will conduct a parallel study wherein this can provide those facts and information in

relation to the study being discussed.

Hypothesis of the Problem

The research study is hypothetically determined to have no significant

difference between the output and the traditional petroleum-based plastic. This is with

respect to the biodegradable plastic's durability and flexibility. Whereas, starch is the

main component in the plastic industry like the petroleum-based plastic for it makes

the plastic more flexible and durable. In which, banana peel was chosen as the input

of this study to be an alternative for biodegradable plastic due to its richness in starch.

Scope and Limitation of the Study

This research focuses on the potential of Banana (Musa acuminata) peel as a

Biodegradable plastic. Thus, the subject is the Banana peel which is abundant in the

Philippines.

Hence, the study will be conducted at Emanuelle Christian Maranan's house

located at Brgy. Hulo, Pililla, Rizal. The time-frame of the experimentation is expected

to be done within a span of one (1) week.

 TOMAS CLAUDIO COLLEGES – BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

To measure the potential of Banana peel as a Biodegradable plastic, the

following variables will be measured: durability and flexibility.Whereas, the bio-

plastic's decomposition rate would only be measured after the utilization of the product

which requires a long span of time.

Furthermore, the study was limited only on the appliances and materials that

can be directly found at households such as oven, fruit grinder, frying pan, strainer,

measuring cup, and pair of scissors. In addition, no other laboratory materials were

used.

Definition of Terms

The following terms are conceptually and operationally defined for common

understanding:

Amylopectin – a branched chain polymer that is found in starch.

Amylose – a straight chain polymer that is found in starch.

Ascending – rising of the amount of something to the higher level that it is

before.

Biodegradable Plastic – a plastic made by biological sources such as

banana peel and other vegetable wastes that contain starch.

Biomass – waste from plant or fruit materials such as banana peel that can

be used in producing a biodegradable plastic.

Biopolymer – a polymer that is produced by living organisms.

 TOMAS CLAUDIO COLLEGES – BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

Cellulose – an organic compound found in the cell walls of plants or banana

peel.

Decompose – a process where a waste materials is broken down into

pieces.

Deteriorating – to make the water pollution worsen compared to its condition

before.

Effectiveness – producing a result that is wanted; having an intended effect.

Petroleum-based plastic – a traditional plastic that is made of various

chemical which is not biodegradable and can take hundreds of years to be fully

decomposed.

Polymer – a chemical compound such as cellulose that is found in banana

peel.

Potential – the capability of the banana peel to be biodegradable plastic.

Predominantly – importance of cellulose and starch in producing a

biodegradable plastic.

Starch – can be found in plant or fruit’s peel like banana which is a

polysaccharide that helps the biodegradable plastic to become durable and

stretchable.

Tons – a measurement unit for mass.

 TOMAS CLAUDIO COLLEGES – BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

Endnotes

Bilgin, E. (2013). “Can Banana peels make Plastic?” Retrieved January 26, 2020
from https://www.googlesciencefair.com/competition/featured-story/banana-
turkey?fbclid=IwAR3zKKHlOpqBr8LMBPUKI81AJGF0F1S8sqflu_iKEN8ngtD
6bjcoG-GzZJE

Gaonkar M.R., and Palaskar, P.Navandar, R. (2017). “Production of Bio plastic from
Banana Peels”. Retrieved January 24, 2020 from
http://www.worldresearchlibrary.org/up_proc/pdf/1279-15182346031-
3.pdf?fbclid=IwAR2RG9B_8OlxyppaY-
sm5tDRlfJdkx3AbiRLSPiqyFhZN4T7ZG2Gb32LTvM
Ghamande, M., Kulkarni, A., Shah, N., Kothari, S., and Bhosale, S. (2018, February
25).“BIO-PLASTIC (GENERATING PLASTIC FROM BANANA PEELS)”.
Retrieved January 24, 2020 from
http://data.conferenceworld.in/25FebEMSSH/9.pdf?fbclid=IwAR3no_JJ2ZLJe
3cEXoOMwFCBh587W469PNmDCHZ1EO9uinSJvTrIj5ZTic4

Jacobo, J. (2019, June 8). “World Ocean Day 2019: Ocean plastics problem isn't
going away, but here's what you can do to help.” ABC News. Retrieved
January 24, 2020, from https://abcnews.go.com/amp/Technology/world-
ocean-day-2019-oceans-plastics-problem/ story? id=63324490&fbclid=
IwAR061bBrJ-tAOZ-9OXj9PMyxWQBaZ7w8uw8agvh5ChORA7bs
E4H21N5f13o

Vézina, A., and Bergh, I. V. D. (2018, October 18). “Philippines”. Retrieved January
24, 2020, from http://www.promusa.org/Philippines

Vila, A. (2018, October 18). “Philippines plastic pollution: why so much waste ends
up in oceans.” South China Morning Post. Retrieved January 24, 2020, from
https://www.scmp.com/lifestyle/health/article/2168819/philippines-plastic-
pollution-why-so-much-waste-ends-oceans
 TOMAS CLAUDIO COLLEGES – BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDY

Foreign Literature

Woodford (2020) concluded that Biodegradable plastics are made from natural

materials and traditional petro-chemicals which are engineered to break down more

quickly. Biodegradable plastics contains additives that cause them to decay more

rapidly in the presence of light, oxygen, moisture, and heat.

Pameroyan (2015) maintains that, Banana Peel is rich in starch and cellulose

that makes banana peel as a possible replacement for traditional petroleum-based

plastic. In addition, banana peels are able to absorb humidity and also used by

packaging drug capsules in the pharmaceutical sector. Biodegradable plastics can be

made of other ingredients like vegetable, fats, corn, peas, and potatoes which is

believed to be rich in starch.

Local Literature

Perez (2019) stated that plastic pollution is the biggest problem worldwide

especially Philippines. Filipinos throws over 300 million tons of plastic waste each year

in proper place while almost 800 million tons of plastic waste are dumps in ocean and

other in the world four times a year . Flood is one of the biggest problem every time

that there is a typhoon. Philippines is considered as the world’s top three worst

offenders of plastic pollution.

 TOMAS CLAUDIO COLLEGES – BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

Shellany (2018) presents bananas as the most common fruit for the Filipinos,

and it is a usual dessert that you can see in the dining table. Bananas are rich in

potassium that aids digestion. It is also a good source of anti-oxidants and an energy

booster. There are different varieties of Bananas in Philippines which are Lakatan,

Cavendish, Latundan, Saba or Cardaba, Morado, Bungulan and Señorita. Lakatan

has thick-orange yellow skin and have a medium size.

Foreign Studies

Prasad (2014) stated in his study entitled “Bioplastics- Utilization of Waste

Banana Peels for Synthesis of Polymeric Films”, Bio plastics has increasing demands

on market due to many use of it from packaging, catering products, consumer

electronics, automotive, agriculture and toys to textiles and a number of other

segments. The world currently utilises approximately 260 million tonnes of plastics

each year. Bio plastics make up about 0.1% of the global market. In 2011 the

production capacities on bio plastics amounted to 1.2 million tonnes. According to

market data of ‘European Bio plastics’ that the production capacities went up to

fivefold. 2016 almost 6 million tonnes. The fact that it has a low price and

environmentally friendly, it makes the bio plastics attractive and acceptable to

consumers, while there is a climate change so the price of fossil materials are rising

and it contributes to bio plastics being viewed favourably. In production, the amount

of 25 ml of banana peel starch was measured and placed in 500 ml beaker. After that,

3 ml of acetic acid was added and the mixture was mixed using a glass stirring rod.
 TOMAS CLAUDIO COLLEGES – BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

Next, 2 ml of propan-1,2,3-triol was added to beaker. The mixture was stirred again.

It was poured into a petri dish and putted in the oven at 60 degrees Celsius.

Eventually, it was baked for half of an hour.

The stated study above has a relevance to the present study in the sense that,

banana peel is a good material for making biodegradable plastics and will serve as

foreign study in our research title which is "The potential of banana peel as a

biodegradable plastic".

According to Yusoff (2016) biodegradable plastics are becoming apparent

popular on the world market. Biodegradable plastics have a great potential to be very

helpful because the demand for plastics are rising and the fact that the biodegradable

plastics are ‘environmentally friendly’, the use of biodegradable plastic is predicted to

increase. However, many questions are emerging regarding the use of biodegradable

plastics and its potential side effects on the environment and the recycling systems

and technologies. To clarify it, the banana peel was selected for the test because it

was a waste material and is rich on starch. According to Songklanakarin Journal of

Science and Technology, the banana peel contains Protein, Fat, Starch and Ash.

Starch has two (2) different types of polymer chains, amylose and amylopectin.

Amylose is more resistant to digestion than other starch molecules and is therefore

an important form of resistant starch. Amylopectin is a water-insoluble polysaccharide

and highly branched polymer of α-glucose units found in plants. The hydrochloric acid

is used in the hydrolysis of amylopectin, it is essential to help the process of film

formation because of the H-bonding amongst the chains of glucose in starch, since
 TOMAS CLAUDIO COLLEGES – BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

amylopectin is limiting the film formation. The sodium hydroxide used in the

experiment is simply used in order to neutralize the pH of the medium.

The aforecited study has a relevancy to the present study in manner that this

presents the strengths and the facts that the biodegradable plastic is very essential

and should be used out wide in this country and to others as well. In addition, the

components of banana peel as an alternative biodegradable plastic is also stated upon

the mentioned study.

Local Studies

According to Rodellas (2019) on her study "Acceptability of Saba Banana

(Musa acuminata x Musa balbisiana) Fruit in Making a Bio-Plastic" that biodegradable

plastic contains biopolymers such as starch which are completely harmless during

decomposition (3-6 months) because they do not emit toxic chemicals that can be

absorbed by the soil and require less energy to produce. In this study, there are three

treatments with 5 representative samples each that were produced by boiling the

sliced peeled of saba banana fruit and yautia cormel into a 0.1 M Hydrochloric acid

for 45 minutes, blending separately to form uniform puree, (25 mL, 25 mL, 12.5 mL:

12.5mL) with 15% solution sorbitol and 0.5 M Sodium hydroxide and air-drying for 12

hours over a plane glass. Their tensile strength and biodegradability were investigated

under laboratory tests while their color and odor were determined through sensory

evaluation. Results showed that the bio-plastic using yautia cormel had the highest

tensile strength and most acceptable odor but slowest rate of biodegradation while the

bio-plastic using the combination of saba banana fruit and yautia cormel had the
 TOMAS CLAUDIO COLLEGES – BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

fastest rate of biodegradation and most acceptable color. Results of the study implied

that the bio-plastic sheets can be used as an alternative for plastic packaging.

Thus, starch takes a vital role in the plastic industry for it is one of the major

components in producing a biodegradable plastic. Wherein, banana peel is rich in

starch (C6H10O5). Hence, this is subjected to the study to measure its potential to

become an alternative for Bio-plastic. Moreover, bio-plastics' decomposition rate only

took a several months to be fully decomposed unlike the petroleum based plastic

which is one of the advantages of Bio-plastic.

Conforming to Orenia et. al (2018) on their study "Fruit and Vegetable Wastes

as Potential Component of Biodegradable Plastic" which they utilized fruit and

vegetable waste as a component in making a biodegradable plastic and used

additives such as: polyvinyl alcohol as binder, glycerin as plasticizer, soya oil as

stabilizer, and 5 mL glacia acetic acid. The product produced was subjected into

different tests such as biodegradability, chemical solubility, air and tensile test and

were compared to one another. It suggests that the formulation contains 100 g

powdered peel has the most tensile strength with considerable biodegradability and

chemical solubility.

The aforementioned study has a bearing to the present study in the sense that,

raw materials or fruit and vegetable waste can really be an alternative for petroleum

based plastic. Apparently, banana is abundant to the tropical country like Philippines.

Where people used to either throw away or make it as a composed. Seemingly,

 TOMAS CLAUDIO COLLEGES – BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

banana peel can be an alternative for biodegradable plastic due to its richness in

starch.

Endnotes

Pameroyan N. P. (2015, July 27). “Banana Peels: Use as a Replacement of

Traditional Petroleum Based Plastic”. Retrieved January 26, 2020, from
https://devcomconvergence.wordpress.com/2015/07/27/banana-peels-use-
as-a-replacement-of-traditional-petroleum-based-
plastic/?fbclid=IwAR19WprXdLbpf0wGUEkKcqe4d6fBIKaLy6QV1ggdrk6YYP
mcvImxXSjyE4w

Perez D. (2019, February 25). “Philippines Has a Major Problem with Plastic
Pollution. Here’s what they’re doing about it”. Retrieved February 4, 2020,
from https://ecowarriorprincess.net/2019/02/philippines-major-problem-
plastic-pollution-heres-what-theyre-doing-about-it/

Prasad S. (2014, April 17). “Bio plastics- Utilization of Waste Banana Peels for
Synthesis of Polymeric Films”. Retrieved January 26, 2020, from
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/272351686_Bioplastics-
_utilization_of_waste_banana_peels_for_synthesis_of_polymeric_films/citatio
n/download

Rodellas M. M. (2019, March 27). “Acceptability of Saba Banana (Musa acuminata x

Musa balbisiana) Fruit in Making a Bio-Plastic". Retrieved February 13, 2020,
from
http://biotaph.org/conferences/index.php/conventions/54/paper/view/1040

Shellany (2018). “GOIN' BANANAS! The Different Variety of Philippine Bananas”.

Retrieved January 26, 2020, from https://steemit.com/food/@shellany/goin-
bananas-the-different-variety-of-philippine-bananas?fbclid=iwar0s-
m9fhkhtcfhwuemahphjlel-yiw3suigtfrt4baralxcouvgimwkrlo

Orenia R. M., Collado III A.C., Magno M.G., and Cancino L.T. (2018, April 11). “Fruit
and Vegetable Wastes as Potential Component of Biodegradable Plastic".
Retrieved February 13, 2020, from
https://www.asianjournal.org/index.php/ajms/article/view/57/10

Woodford C. (2020, February 10). “Bio-plastics and biodegradable plastics”.

Retrieved February 10, 2020 from
TOMAS CLAUDIO COLLEGES – BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

https://www.explainthatstuff.com/bioplastics.html?fbclid=IwAR2L5l6WRQbEZ
KPq7R0Oq0ytnxqNiGM-JuM2ZItZlJ08yVXPwk9RQQbIUqU

Yusoff, Z. B. (2016, June 15). “Production of Biodegradable Plastic from Banana

Peel”. Retrieved January 26, 2020, from
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/303942610_PRODUCTION_OF_BI
ODEGRADABLE_PLASTIC_FROM_BANANA_PEEL?fbclid=IwAR2cGhB9W
uVAHZJ05bu6O-47usM_4yI6-oZ-qHJEGcf99Ng82yKlY-mpJaw
 TOMAS CLAUDIO COLLEGES – BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

CHAPTER 3

METHODOLOGY AND SOURCES OF DATA

Research Technical Design

The research method used in designing and testing the potential of banana

peel as a biodegradable plastic is experimental method postulated by Wihelm Wundt

as the researchers are about to determine its abilities when it comes to

biodegradability, durability and flexibility.

This method enables the researchers to conduct treatments, evaluation, and

comparison to determine the Potential of Banana Peel as an Alternative

Biodegradable Plastic with contrast to Petroleum-based plastic.

Procedure of the Study

The following are the procedures and materials needed for the conduction of

the Banana peel as biodegradable plastic. The drying of the product requires a

minimum time-frame of two (2) days enabling the researchers to evaluate and

compare the biodegradable plastic to petroleum-based plastic. The evaluation of the

product on the other hand shall be conducted when the researchers succeed on

making the product.

1. Gathering of Materials

The following are the required ingredients used for the production of

biodegradable plastic: Banana peel, water, vinegar, cinnamon, and thyme.

TOMAS CLAUDIO COLLEGES – BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

Banana Peels Water Vinegar

Honey Cinnamon Thyme

In addition, kitchen utensils and appliances are also used in the study

for the making of Biodegradable Plastic namely: Oven, fruit grinder, frying pan,

strainer, measuring cup, and pair of scissors.

TOMAS CLAUDIO COLLEGES – BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

Oven Fruit Grinder Frying Pan

Strainer Measuring Cup Pair of Scissors

2. Making the Biodegradable Plastic

Using the materialsand kitchen utensils stated above, the making of

biodegradable plastic are as follows:

TOMAS CLAUDIO COLLEGES – BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

Cut and whisk the banana peels

Heating up the peel on fire for 5 minutes

Add 250 ml water and strain it from the heated

banana peels.
TOMAS CLAUDIO COLLEGES – BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

Mixing the vinegar, honey, cinnamon and thyme

with the peels.

o
Mould and cook the mixture at 150 C for 15
minutes

3. Drying the mixture

The drying of the product requires a minimum time-frame of two (2)

days enabling the researchers to evaluate and compare the biodegradable

plastic to petroleum-based plastic.

4. Testing the biodegradable plastic

The evaluation of the product on the other hand shall be conducted

when the researchers succeed on making the product.

 TOMAS CLAUDIO COLLEGES – BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

Project Design Model

The image below is an example of the biodegradable plastic product the

researchers have conducted with the given procedures above.

Statistical Treatment

Mean – to be able to determine the potential level of Banana Peel (Musa acuminata)

as an Alternative Biodegradable Plastic with respect to its durability, flexibility, and

decomposition rate.

One-way Analysis of The Variance (ANOVA) – to determine if there is a significant

difference on the potential level of Banana Peel (Musa acuminata) as an Alternative

 TOMAS CLAUDIO COLLEGES – BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

Biodegradable Plastic compared to petroleum-based plastic with respect to its

durability, flexibility, and decomposition rate.