Download as pdf or txt
Download as pdf or txt
You are on page 1of 6

RESURSE VEGETALE RESURSE ACVATICE

PLANTE CULTIVATE SCOICI


(cules) (cules) (pescuit)

21% 14% 9% 6%
RESURSE ANIMALE

MAMIFERE DOMESTICE
(cre terea animalelor) (

38% 12%
,QIRJUD¿FSULYLQGGLHWDFRPXQLWă‫܊‬LLGHOD6XOWDQD0DOX5RЮX

&(0Æ1&$8"
&/D]ăU

'HVSUH GLHWD SRSXOD‫܊‬LLORU VHULH GH VWXGLL FDUSRORJLFH


SHQWUX FRPXQLWDWHD SUHLV-
SUHLVWRULFH GH DFXP PDL SDOLQRORJLFH DUKHR]RROR-
WRULFă GH OD 6XOWDQD0DOX
ELQHGHGHDQLGH‫܊‬LQHP 5RЮX FXQRD‫܈‬WHP Fă GLHWD
JLFH PDODFRORJLFH ‫܈‬L DUKH-
R VHULH GH LQIRUPD‫܊‬LL YDOR- RLKWLRORJLFHFHQHDXSHUPLV
D IRVW GLFWDWă FX SUHFăGHUH
URDVHRIHULWHGHFHUFHWăULOH FUHLRQDUHD PRGHOXOXL GH
GHUHVXUVHOHYHJHWDOH‫܈‬LDQL-
LQWHUGLVFLSOLQDUH HIHFWXDWH DOLPHQWD‫܊‬LH VSHFL¿F DFHVWRU
PDOH GLVSRQLELOH vQ ]RQD vQ
vQ GLYHUVH VLWXUL DUKHRORJL- JUXSXULXPDQH FDUHDIRVWvQWHPHLDWăD‫܈‬H]D-
FH UHD UHVSHFWLYă ‫܈‬L PDL SX‫܊‬LQ
ÌQ JHQHUDO OD IHO FD ‫܈‬L vQ GH SUHIHULQ‫܊‬HOH FXOLQDUH DOH
ÌQ FHHD FH SULYH‫܈‬WH VLWXO GH FD]XO DOWRU VLWXUL HQHROLWLFH UHVSHFWLYHORUSRSXOD‫܊‬LL
OD 6XOWDQD0DOX 5RЮX, în GLQ 5RPkQLD VDX %XOJDULD
XOWLPLL DQLL VDX HIHFWXDW R FHUFHWDWH LQWHUGLVFLSOLQDU

38
3ODQWHOH
0*ROHD06WDYUHVFX%HGLYDQ

5HVWXULOHYHJHWDOHGLQVLWXULOH VHPLQ‫܊‬HORU DQDOL]DWH SURYLQ WRU SODQWH GH‫܈‬L H SRVLELO FD


DUKHRORJLFHUHSUH]LQWăXQHOH GLQ UkQGXO SODQWHORU VHJHWDOH REXQăSDUWHGLQUHVWXULOHYH
PHQWLPSRUWDQWvQvQĠHOHJHUHD VDXUXGHUDOHEXUXLHQLSUHFXP JHWDOH GLQ VWUDWXO DUKHRORJLF
JUXSXULORU XPDQH GLQ WUHFXW & K H Q R S R G L X P Vă QX ¿ VXSUDYLH‫܊‬XLW WUHFHULL
DWkWGLQSXQFWGHYHGHUHDOSD DOEXP VSDQDF VăOEDWLF  WLPSXOXL 'H DVHPHQHD SULQ
OHRHFRQRPLHL vQVHQVXOFXOWL 3RO\JRQXP DYLFXODUH DQDOL]DUHD IUDJPHQWHORU GH
YăULL úL XWLOL]ăULL SODQWHORU  WURVFRW  /LWKRVSHUPXP VSLF SXWHP FRQFOX]LRQD Fă
FkW úL GLQ SHUVSHFWLYD PH DUYHQVH PăUJHOX‫܈‬H )DOORSLD RDPHQLLFDUHDXORFXLWvQD‫܈‬H
GLXOXL vQFRQMXUăWRU SUHLVWRULF FRQYROYXOXV KUL‫܈‬Fă XUFăWRD ]DUHDGHOD6XOWDQDv‫܈‬LSURFH
SDOLHUXOGHYHJHWDĠLHVSHFL¿F UH  5XPH[ FULVSXV ‫܈‬WHYLH  VDX DOLPHQWHOH SUREDELO SULQ
XQHL UHJLXQL vQWUR DQXPLWă &RQYROYXOXV DUYHQVLV YRO YkQWXUDUHvQDLQWHGHFRQVXP
HWDSăFURQRFXOWXUDOă XQHRUL EXUă  SOXV R FDQWLWDWH PLFă 3ODQWH SUHFXP &KHQRSRGLXP
IDYRUL]kQG FKLDU ‫܈‬L UHFRQVWL
WXLUHD SDOLHUXOXL FOLPDWLF SH
ED]D LGHQWL¿FăULL XQRU VSHFLL
ERWDQLFH VSHFL¿FH XQXL DQX
PLW WLS GH FOLPă  5HVWXULOH
YHJHWDOH FDUH DX VXSUDYLHĠXLW
WUHFHULL WLPSXOXL SRW ¿ DQD 6HPLQ‫܊‬HGH9LWLVVS YL‫܊‬ăGHYLH LGHQWL¿FDWHvQORFXLQ‫܊‬D/GHOD6XOWDQD0DOX5RЮX 01,5
OL]DWH SULQ PHWRGH VSHFL¿FH
FH SHUPLW GHWHUPLQDUHD WD SHQWUX VSHFLLOH 3RO\JRQXP DOEXP VSDQDF VăOEDWLF 
[RQLORUGHODFDUHSURYLQLDU ODSDWKLIROLXP LDUED UR‫܈‬LH  ‫܈‬L / L W K R V S H U P X P
XOWHULRUSULQGDWDUHDORUDEVR 3RO\JRQXPK\GURSLSHU SLSH DUYHQVH PăUJHOX‫܈‬H  ‫܈‬L
OXWă VH SRDWH VWDELOL SDOLHUXO UXOEăO‫܊‬LL 5HVWXULOHGHFHUHD 3RO\JRQXP DYLFXODUH WUR
FURQRORJLFúLFXOWXUDO$FHVWH OHDQDOL]DWHSX‫܊‬LQHODQXPăU VFRW VHGH]YROWăvQVSHFLDOSH
PHWRGHFRURERUDWHUHSUH]LQWă UHSUH]LQWăvQVSHFLDOUăPă‫܈‬L‫܊‬H VROXUL DUDELOH FX PXOW VRDUH
VWXGLXO DUKHRERWDQLFLL FDUH GH VSLF VSLFXOH‫ ܊‬VDX UDKLV  SUH]HQĠD ORU ¿LQG XQ LQGLFLX
SULQ GLVFLSOLQH VSHFL¿FH SUH GH OD VSHFLL SUHFXP 7ULWLFXP DVXSUD FXQR‫܈‬WLQ‫܊‬HORU GH DJUL
FXP SDOLQRORJLD DQDOL]D SR PRQRFRFFXP DODF 7ULWLFXP FXOWXUă DOH JXPHOQLĠHQLORU
OHQXOXL  VDX FDUSRORJLD DQD GLFRFFXP JUkX  ‫܈‬L +RUGHXP 6SHFLLOHGH&RU\OXVDYHOODQD
OL]D VHPLQ‫܊‬HORU  JHQHUHD]ă VDWLYXP RU] YHUGH  'LQWUH DOXQ ‫܈‬L9LWLVVS YL‫܊‬ăGHYLH 
GLIHULWH LQIRUPDĠLL FX SULYLUH OHJXPLQRDVH VDX DQDOL]DW VHGH]YROWăvQVWDUHVăOEDWLFă
OD YLDĠD FRWLGLDQă D FRPXQL VHPLQ‫܊‬H GH 3LVXP VDWLYXP vQ VROXUL FX S+ HFKLOLEUDW OD
WăĠLORU SUHLVWRULFH 3RSSHU  PD]ăUH  ‫܈‬L GH /HQV VS OLQ OLPLWD GLQWUH SăGXUL ‫܈‬L SDML‫܈‬WL
+DVWRUI  WH 'HDVHPHQHDDXIRVWGH $WODV   'H DVHPHQHD
WHUPLQDWH IUDJPHQWH GH FRML VH SRW GH]YROWD IRDUWH ELQH
5HVWXULOH YHJHWDOH VXE IRUPă GH &RU\OXV DYHOODQD DOXQ  vQ PHGLL XPHGH DOăWXUL GH
GH VHPLQĠH DX IRVW GHVFRSH VHPLQĠH GH 5RVD VS PăFH‫ ܈‬ 3RO\JRQXPK\GURSLSHU SLSH
ULWHvQGRXăGLQWUHORFXLQ‫܊‬HOH SUHFXP ‫܈‬L VHPLQ‫܊‬H GH 9LWLV UXOEăO‫܊‬LL  *ROHDHWDO 
GLQ DúH]DUHD GH WLS WHOO GH OD VS YL‫܊‬ăGHYLH  *ROHDHWDO
6XOWDQD0DOX 5RЮX ORFXLQ   0DMRULWDWHD SODQWHORU VWXGLD
ĠD / UHVSHFWLY ORFXLQĠD / WH SRW ¿ FRQVXPDWH GH FăWUH
%RJDDUG  %RJDDUG  1XPăUXO PLF GH GHWHUPLQăUL RP3HOkQJăVSHFLLOHFXOWLYD
6WDYUHVFX%HGLYDQ  DOH FHUHDOHORU SRDWH VXJHUD WH EXUXLHQLOH SUHFXP 5XPH[
*ROHDHWDO 0DMRULWDWHD R IRORVLUH UHVWUkQVă D DFHV FULVSXV ‫܈‬WHYLH  )DOORSLD

39
FRQYROYXOXV KUL‫܈‬Fă XUFăWRD EXWLFH‫܈‬LGLXUHWLFH 6FDUODW  FXXQS+HFKLOLEUDWVSUHDFLG
UH  VDX &KHQRSRGLXP DOEXP 7RKăQHDQX  ‫܈‬L QX VXSRUWă XQ PHGLX VDOLQ
VSDQDF VăOEDWLF  FRQ‫܊‬LQ R $WODV   7UHEXLH DPLQ
FDQWLWDWH vQVHPQDWă GH YL $QDOL]kQG SUH]HQ‫܊‬D DFHVWRU WLW Fă +RORFHQXO ± HSRFă
WDPLQD & DYkQG SURSULHWă‫܊‬L VSHFLLYHJHWDOHVDSXWXWFUH vQ FDUH VH GH]YROWă FXOWXUD
DVWULQJHQWH ‫܈‬L KLSRWHQVLYH LRQD R LPDJLQH D SDOHRPH *XPHOQL‫܊‬D ± UHSUH]LQWă R
6FDUODW  7RKăQHDQX  GLXOXL $VWIHO YL‫܊‬D GH YLH úL SHULRDGă GH VWDELOL]DUH D FOL
   'H H[HPSOX DOXQXOLQGLFăR]RQăGHWUDQ PHLFXFURQR]RQD6XEERUHDO
3RO\JRQXPK\GURSLSHU SLSH ]LW vQWUH VWHSă ‫܈‬L VLOYRVWHSă  ND ND  FDUDFWHUL]D
UXO EăO‫܊‬LL  SRDWH ¿ IRORVLW FD ÌQ SOXV PDMRULWDWHD VSHFLLORU Wă GH R FOLPă FDOGă ‫܈‬L XVFDWă
PLURGHQLH GDWRULWă JXVWXOXL GH EXUXLHQL LGHQWL¿FDWH OD 7RPHVFX 
SLSHUDWVDXvQVFRSWHUDSHXWLF 6XOWDQD VH GH]YROWă vQ ]RQH
GDWRULWăFDOLWă‫܊‬LLVDOHDQWLVFRU FX PXOWă OXPLQă VRO IHUWLO

$QLPDOHOH
$%ăOăЮHVFX

0DWHULDOHOH IDXQLVWLFH SUH OHWXOXL VXUYHQLWHGHDOXQJXO GH FUHúWHUH D DQLPDOHORU LQ


OHYDWH GLQ D‫܈‬H]DUHD GH OD WLPSXULORULVWRULFH WHQVă FDUH QH LQGLFă IDSWXO
6XOWDQDvPSUHXQăFXDOWHDU Fă UHVSHFWLYD RFXSD‫܊‬LH DYHD
WHIDFWH VSHFL¿FH UHSUH]LQWă R LPSRUWDQ‫܊‬ă IRDUWH PDUH vQ
R VXUVă GH LQIRUPD‫܊‬LL LPSRU &5(Э7(5($ SDOHRHFRQRPLD DQLPDOLHUă
WDQWă SULYLQG DFWLYLWă‫܊‬LOH SD %UHKDUG %ăOă‫܈‬HVFX 
OHRHFRQRPLFHDOHFRPXQLWă‫܊‬LL $1,0$/(/25Э, $FHVW IDSW HVWH GRYHGLW GH
XPDQHFHDORFXLWDLFLvQXUPă 9Æ1Ă72$5($ UHVWXULOH RVRDVH FDUH DSDUĠLQ
FXFkWHYDPLOHQLL

0DMRULWDWHD UHVWXULORU IDXQLV 2DVHOHGHDQLPDOHGHVFRSHUL


WLFH RDVHGHDQLPDOHFRFKLOLL WH vQ FXUVXO VăSăWXULORU DUKH
HWF  UHSUH]LQWă GH‫܈‬HXUL PH RORJLFH GH OD 6XOWDQDMalu
QDMHUH UHVWXUL GH ÄEXFăWă 5RЮX UHSUH]LQWă vQ JHQHUDO
ULH´ DOHRDPHQLLORUGHDFXP UHVWXULGHÄEXFăWăULH´DOHFR
 GH DQL VWXGLXO ORU RIH PXQLWăĠLORU XPDQH FDUH DX
ULQG SRVLELOLWDWHD FXQRD‫܈‬WH WUăLW vQ DFHVW ORF 3URYHQLQG
ULL VWUDWHJLLORU DOLPHQWDUH D GHODDQLPDOHOHVDFUL¿FDWHVDX
HFRQRPLHL DQLPDOLHUH D FR YkQDWH D FăURU FDUQH D IRVW
PXQLWă‫܊‬LL GH OD 6XOWDQD GDU FRQVXPDWă DFHVWH RDVH SUH
‫܈‬LHYROX‫܊‬LDUHOD‫܊‬LHLRPDQLPDO ]LQWă R VHULH GH FDUDFWHULVWLFL
GHDOXQJXOWLPSXOXL'HDVH WLSLFHXUPHGHGH]DUWLFXODUH
PHQHDUHVSHFWLYHOHPDWHULDOH GHGHVFăUQDUHGHWUDQúDUHGH
SHUPLW REVHUYDUHD UăVSkQGL DUGHUH URVăWXUL úL LPSUHVLXQL
ULL XQRU VSHFLL GH DQLPDOH GHQWDUH
H[WLQGHUHD VDX UHVWUkQJHUHD
DUHDOHORU DFHVWRUD SUHFXP 6WXGLXO DUKHR]RRORJLF vQWUH
‫܈‬L PRGL¿FăULOH DQXPLWRU SD SULQV SH RDVHOH GH PDPLIH
3URFHVFRUQXODUGHYLWăGHVFRSHULWvQ
UDPHWUL FRUSRUDOL ‫܈‬L DOH WDOLHL UH GH OD 6XOWDQD0DOX 5RЮX PRUPkQWXO0GHOD6XOWDQD0DOX5RЮX
REVHUYDELOH OD QLYHOXO VFKH GHPRQVWUHD]ă R DFWLYLWDWH 01,5

40
DQLPDOHORU GRPHVWLFH GHVFR WăDFWLYLWDWHDYHDvQSULQFLSDO FăHOHDXIRVWDGXVHvQWUHJL‫܈‬L
SHULWHDLFLFHUHSUH]LQWă XQUROVHFXQGDU‫܈‬LFRPSHQVD WUDQ‫܈‬DWHvQDúH]DUHGXSăFHDX
GLQ WRWDO$X IRVW LGHQWL¿FDWH WRULX DO DOLPHQWDĠLHL FDUQDWH IRVW YkQDWH vQ vPSUHMXULPLOH
XUPăWRDUHOH VSHFLL YLWD GR ¿LQG SUDFWLFDWă úL vQ VFRSXO VLWXOXL &DUQLYRUHOH HUDX Yk
PHVWLFă %RV WDXUXV  RDLD REĠLQHULL GH DOWH SURGXVH QH QDWHPDLDOHVSHQWUXEOăQXULúL
2YLVDULHV FDSUD &DSUDKLU FHVDUHYLH‫܊‬LLGH]LFX]LDDFH vQVFRSXOUHGXFHULLDFĠLXQLLORU
FXV SRUFXO 6XVGRPHVWLFXV  ORU FRPXQLWă‫܊‬LL EOăQXUL SLHL SUHGDWRDUHDVXSUDWXUPHORU
úL FkLQHOH &DQLV IDPLOLDULV  RDVHFRDUQH SHQWUX SURGXFH 6WXGLXOUHVWXULORUPDPLIHUHORU
'LQWUH DFHVWHD RYLFDSULQHOH
‫܈‬L ERYLQHOH DX FHD PDL PDUH
SRQGHUH $VWIHO GDFă RYLFD
SULQHOHVXQWFUHVFXWHPDLDOHV
FD IXUQL]RDUH GH FDUQH IUDJH
Gă ERYLQHOH VXQW H[SORDWDWH
PDLDOHVSHQWUXSURGXVHOHORU
VHFXQGDUH vQ SULQFLSDO ODSWH
‫܈‬L SURGXVHOH ODFWDWH GHULYDWH
3RUFXODYHDRSRQGHUHUHODWLY
UHGXVăvQFDGUXOGLHWHLFRPX
QLWă‫܊‬LORU GH OD 6XOWDQD &kL
QHOH DYHD vQ SULQFLSDO IXQFĠLL
XWLOLWDUH SD]DORFXLQĠHORUúLD
&RUQGHFăSULRUDUVGHVFRSHULWvQORFXLQ‫܊‬D/GHOD6XOWDQD0DOX5RЮX 01,5
WXUPHORUvQVRĠLWRUODYkQăWRD
UH  ,QWHUHVDQW HVWH IDSWXO Fă UHDGHXQHOWH‫܈‬LDUPHHWF 'H VăOEDWLFH QH RIHUă LQIRUPDĠLL
DFHVWDQLPDODIRVWGHVFRSHULW DVHPHQHD YkQăWRDUHD FRQ SUHĠLRDVH SULYLQG SDOHRPH
‫܈‬L vQ FRQWH[WH ULWXDOH ± GRXă VWLWXLD R SUDFWLFă FH DVLJXUD GLXO SHLVDMXO DFWXDO GRYHGLQ
PDQGLEXOHGHSXVHvQORFXLQ‫܊‬D ‫܈‬L SURWHF‫܊‬LD WXUPHORU GH VSH GXVHD¿PXOWPRGL¿FDWIDĠă
/ /D]ăUHWDO  FLLOH SUăGăWRDUH /D 6XOWDQD GH WUHFXW %ăOă‫܈‬HVFX HW DO
0DOX 5RЮX DX IRVW LGHQWL¿  
'HúL FXOWLYDUHD SODQWHORU úL FDWH XUPăWRDUHOH VSHFLL GH
FUHúWHUHDDQLPDOHORUFRQVWLWX PDPLIHUH VăOEDWLFH FDOXO $VWIHO SUH]HQĠD XQRU
LDXWUăVăWXULFRPXQHDOHWXWX VăOEDWLF (TXXV IHUXV  ERX VSHFLL WLSLFH GH SăGXUH
URU SRSXODĠLLORU JXPHOQL‫܊‬HQH UXO %RV SULPLJHQLXV  FHUEXO FHUE PLVWUH‫  ܊‬OD 6XOWDQD
GLQ GLIHULWH VLWXUL FHUFHWDWH &HUYXV HODSKXV  FăSULRUXO 0DOX 5RЮX GRYHGHúWH H[LV
GHD OXQJXO WLPSXOXL VH SDUH &DSUHROXV FDSUHROXV  PLV WHQĠDXQRULPSRUWDQWHPDVLYH
WRWXúL Fă DFHVWH GRXă DFWLYL WUHĠXO 6XV VFURID  YXOSHD IRUHVWLHUHFRPELQDWHFX]RQH
WăĠL QX DMXQJHDX Vă DFRSHUH 9XOSHV YXOSHV  ‫܈‬L LHSXUHOH GHVLOYRVWHSăúLVWHSăXQGHVH
QHFHVDUXODOLPHQWDĠLHL]LOQLFH GH FkPS /HSXV HXURSDHXV  vQWkOQHDX FDOXO ‫܈‬L LHSXUHOH GH
'DWRULWăDFHVWXLIDSWJUXSXUL 3ULQWUH SUHIHULQ‫܊‬HOH YkQăWRUL FkPS
OH XPDQH HQHROLWLFH LQFOXVLY ORU VH QXPăUDX FHUEXO FDOXO
FHOGHOD6XOWDQDDXFRQWLQXDW ‫܈‬L PLVWUH‫܊‬XO FDUH IXUQL]DX R
VăDSHOH]HúLODDOWHUHVXUVHGH FDQWLWDWHLPSRUWDQWăGHFDUQH
KUDQă RIHULWH GH PHGLXO vQ GDU‫܈‬LDOWHSURGXVHFXPDU¿
FRQMXUăWRU ÌQ DFHVW VHQV SR FRDUQHOHGHFHUESLHLOHRDVH
SXOD‫܊‬LDJXPHOQL‫܊‬HDQăSUDFWLFD OHHWF3UH]HQĠDH[WUHPLWăĠLORU
úL YkQăWRDUHD DFWLYLWDWH GH PHPEUHORU RDVH GH PLFL GL
SURFXUDUHDKUDQHLGHWHUPLQD PHQVLXQLFDIDODQJHOHFDUSLH
Wă GH UHVXUVHOH FLQHJHWLFH DOH QHOHVDXWDUVLHQHOH DSDUĠLQkQG
PHGLXOXLvQFRQMXUăWRU$FHDV DFHVWRUDQLPDOHGHQRWăIDSWXO

41
([SORDWDUHDUHVXUVHORUDFYDWLFH
95DGX

6LWXDWă vQ DSURSLHUHD UkXOXL GHDX IRDUWH PXOW GH QLYHOXO SUHLVWRULFHVDXUHDOL]DWRVH
0RVWL‫܈‬WHD ‫܈‬L OD PLFă GLVWDQ‫܊‬ă DSHLÌQSHULRDGHOHFkQGQLYH ULH GH H[SHULPHQWH SHQWUX D
GHOXQFD'XQăULLD‫܈‬H]DUHDGH OXOUkXOXLHUDVFă]XWVFRLFLOH VXUSULQGHPRGDOLWă‫܊‬LPXOWLSOH
OD 6XOWDQD0DOX 5RЮX D EH VHFRQFHQWUDXSHIXQGXODSHL GH GHVIDFHUH D YDOYHORU GHV
QH¿FLDW GH ERJă‫܊‬LD YLH‫܊‬XLWRD ‫܈‬L DVWIHO SXWHDX ¿ FXOHVH vQ FRSHULWH vQ VăSăWXUD DUKHROR
UHORUFHVHvQWkOQHVFvQDFHVWH FDQWLWă‫܊‬L PDUL &DUQHD DFHV JLFăSULQORYLUHDVXSUDIH‫܊‬HORU
]RQHXPHGH$VWIHOvQWUHPD WRUVFRLFLSRDWH¿FRQVXPDWă YDOYHORU SULQ ORYLUHD ]RQH
WHULDOHOHIDXQLVWLFHVWXGLDWHVH FUXGă VDX SUHSDUDWă R VFXUWă ORU GH vPELQDUH DOH YDOYHORU
SRWvQWkOQLUHVWXULDOHVFRLFLORU SHULRDGă GH WLPS SULQ RSă ‫܈‬L GHVIDFHUHD IăUă DIHFWDUHD
‫܈‬LPHOFLORUUDFLORUSH‫܈‬WLORU‫܈‬L
‫܊‬HVWRDVHORU GH DSă GXOFH VDX
DOH SăVăULORU$FHVWH DQLPDOH
DX VHUYLW GUHSW VXUVă GH KUD
Qă SHQWUX ORFXLWRULL D‫܈‬H]ăULL
GDU‫܈‬LFDPDWHULHSULPăSHQWUX
UHDOL]DUHDGHSRGRDEH PHOFLL
‫܈‬LVFRLFLOH XQHOWH DFHGHRV
Uă]XLWRDUH GLQ YDOYH  VDX UH
FLSLHQWH FDUDSDFHGH‫܊‬HVWRDVă
VDXYDOYHGHVFRLFL &XOHVXO
PROX‫܈‬WHORUSHVFXLWXO‫܈‬LYkQă
WRDUHD VXQW DFWLYLWă‫܊‬LOH SULQ
FLSDOH SULQ FDUH VH H[SORDWDX
UHVXUVHOHDFYDWLFH

0HOFLL‫܈‬LVFRLFLOHVXQWQHYHU
&RFKLOLLGHVFRLFL8QLRVSGHVFRSHULWHvQWHOOXOGHOD6XOWDQD0DOX5RЮX 01,5
WHEUDWHOH FRQVXPDWH IUHFYHQW
GH FăWUH ORFXLWRULL D‫܈‬H]ăULL ULUH VDX SULQ FRDFHUH vQ MDU YDOYHORU 5H]XOWDWHOH H[SHUL
GH OD 6XOWDQD0DOX 5RЮX &DUQHD VFRLFLORU IXUQL]HD]ă PHQWXOXL FRQ¿UPă Fă DFHVWH
&HOH PDL QXPHURDVH UHVWXUL R PDUH FDQWLWDWH GH HQHUJLH XUPH SURYLQ GLQ FRQVXPXO
SUH]HQWH vQ ]RQHOH GH GH‫܈‬H .FDONJ ¿LQGDOăWXULGH VFRLFLORU HOH ¿LQG UH]XOWDWXO
XUL PHQDMHUH VXQW YDOYHOH FHD D SH‫܈‬WLORU R VXUVă LPSRU LQWHUYHQ‫܊‬LHLFXDQXPLWHXQHOWH
VFRLFLLGHUkX 8QLRVS ‫܈‬LD WDQWă GH SURWHLQă DQLPDOă vQ GHSLDWUăVDXFRUQ
FHOHL GH ODF $QRGRQWD VS  SHULRDGDHVWLYDOă
$FHVWH VSHFLL VH vQWkOQHVF ‫܈‬L 3HOkQJăUH]XOWDWHOHOHJDWHGH
D]L vQ UkXO 0RVWL‫܈‬WHD WUăLQG $QDOL]D PDFURVFRSLFă D YDO FDQWLWă‫܊‬LOHFXOHVH‫܈‬LLPSRUWDQ
vQVHGLPHQWHOHUkXOXL‫܈‬LSRW¿ YHORU D FRQGXV OD LGHQWL¿FD ‫܊‬D vQ DOLPHQWD‫܊‬LH ELYDOYHOH
FXOHVH SH WRDWă GXUDWD YHULL UHD XQRU XUPH GLQ YHFKLPH SRWRIHULLQIRUPD‫܊‬LLOHJDWHGH
2SHUD‫܊‬LXQLOH GH FROHFWDUH QX FH VXQW SUH]HQWH SH VXSUD PHGLXO vQFRQMXUăWRU vQ FDUH
HUDXFRPSOLFDWHH[HPSODUHOH ID‫܊‬D FRFKLOLLORU $FHVWHD SX WUăLHVF ÀXFWXD‫܊‬LLOH QLYHOXOXL
UHVSHFWLYHSXWkQG¿FXOHVHGL WHDX ¿ UH]XOWDWXO DF‫܊‬LXQLL GH DSHL YLWH]D GH FXUJHUH WHP
UHFWFXPkQDIăUăD¿QHYRLH GHVIDFHUH D VFRLFLORU SHQWUX SHUDWXUDDSHLQDWXUDVXEVWUD
GHXQHOWHVSHFLDOH&DQWLWă‫܊‬LOH FRQVXPXO SăU‫܊‬LL FăUQRDVH WXOXL  ‫܈‬L GH HYROX‫܊‬LD DFHVWXLD
FXOHVHHUDXYDULDELOH‫܈‬LGHSLQ 3HQWUX YHUL¿FDUHD WHKQLFLORU vQ WLPS VFKLPEDUHD FXUVXOXL

42
UkXOXL FROPDWDUH HWF  0DL UHDOL]DWRSHUD‫܊‬LDGHGHWD‫܈‬DUHD DQLPDOH HUDX ELQH JHVWLRQDWH
PXOWVHSRWIDFHFRUHOD‫܊‬LLvQ FDSXOXLSHQWUXD¿FRQVXPDW %UHKDUGHWDO 3H‫܈‬WHOH
WUH HYROX‫܊‬LD PHGLXOXL ‫܈‬L VWUD&UDSXO H SUH]HQW FX XQ LQGL ‫܊‬HVWRDVHOH‫܈‬LVFRLFLOHDEXQGHQ
WHJLLOH GH FRQVWUXF‫܊‬LH DGRSWD YLG GH FLUFD  NJ LDU ‫܈‬DOăXO WH vQ SHULRDGD HVWLYDOă HUDX
WH GH FRPXQLWDWHD SUHLVWRULFă ‫܈‬L ‫܈‬WLXFD FX LQGLYL]L FH GHSă FRQVXPDWH FX SUHGLOHF‫܊‬LH SH
VWUXFWXULGHGUHQDUHDXPH]H ‫܈‬HVFNJÌQFHHDFHSULYH‫܈‬WH WRDWăGXUDWDVH]RQXOXLFDOGvQ
OLL VDXGHDPHQDMDUHDVSD‫܊‬LX PRGXOGHSUHSDUDUHDSH‫܈‬WLORU WLPS FH PDPLIHUHOH GRPHVWL
OXL UHDOL]DUHDGHSDYDMHSHQ FXQRD‫܈‬WHPSX‫܊‬LQHGDWHSHQWUX FH RL‫܈‬LFDSUH GRDURFD]LRQDO
WUX VWDELOL]DUHD VROXOXL  VDX D‫܈‬H]DUHD GH OD 6XOWDQDMa SHQWUX D ¿ SăVWUDWH ‫܈‬L VDFUL¿
PRGXO FXP DFHVWD D DIHFWDW OX 5RЮX 3H‫܈‬WLL GH WDOLH PLFă FDWHLDUQDFkQGKUDQDGHRUL
HYROX‫܊‬LDD‫܈‬H]ăULL QX SUH]LQWă SH RDVH XUPH GH JLQHDQLPDOăHUDUDUă
HYLVFHUDUHVDXWUDQ‫܈‬DUHLDUFHL
'LYHUVHVSHFLLGHSH‫܈‬WLDXIă PDUL GRDU UDUHRUL 8UPHOH GH 3HVFXLWXO VH UHDOL]D FX SUH
FXW SDUWH GLQ DOLPHQWD‫܊‬LD OR DUGHUHVXQWVHFXQGDUHvQPDUH FăGHUH vQ SHULRDGD HVWLYDOă
FHD PDL SURGXFWLYă SHULRDGă
SHQWUX SHVFXLW ¿LQG VIkU‫܈‬LWXO
SULPăYHULL PDLLXQLH vQSH
ULRDGDGHUHSURGXFHUHDSH‫܈‬WL
ORUFkQGDFH‫܈‬WLDVHDGXQDXvQ
QXPăUPDUH‫܈‬LHUDXPDLSX‫܊‬LQ
YLJLOHQ‫܊‬L OD SHULFROH 6H SX
WHDX SHVFXL FX PkQD ÄFR‫܈‬XO
RUE´ VDX FX DMXWRUXO KDUSRD
QHORU DO SODVHORU ‫܊‬HVXWH GLQ
¿EUHYHJHWDOHVDXDOSULSRDQH
ORU$FHVWHSUDFWLFLVXQWGRFX
PHQWDWHGHDUWHIDFWHOHGHVFR
SHULWHOD6XOWDQDJUHXWă‫܊‬LGH
SODVăUHDOL]DWHGLQOXWDUVVDX
SLDWUă KDUSRDQH GH FRUQ DFH
GHSHVFXLWGHRVVDXFXSUX
&RFKLOLLGHVFRLFLLQVLWXGHVFRSHULWHvQH[WHULRUXOORFXLQ‫܊‬HL/GHOD6XOWDQD0DOX5RЮX

FXLWRULORU GH OD 6XOWDQDMalu SDUWH GLQ FD]XUL 'DU vQ DOWH
ÌQ LQFXUVLXQLOH RDPHQLORU
5RЮX $FHVWHD VXQW FRPXQH D‫܈‬H]ăULGLQFXOWXUD*XPHOQL‫܊‬D SUHLVWRULFLGHDOXQJXOUkXOXL
vQUkXULOHGH‫܈‬HV‫܈‬LvQ'XQăUH ‫܈‬WLXFD VH SDUH Fă HUD SH‫܈‬WHOHFX RFD]LD SHVFXLWXOXL VDX D
VWXULRQL ‫܈‬WLXFă FUDS SOăWLFă SUHIHUDW SHQWUX D ¿ SUHSDUDW YkQăWRULL VH SXWHDX FDSWXUD
‫܈‬DOăX ‫܈‬L ELEDQ 'LPHQVLXQL SHMDUXUPHOHGHDUVXUă¿LQG DFFLGHQWDO ‫܈‬L DOWH DQLPDOH FX
OH LQGLYL]LORU SHVFXL‫܊‬L VXQW LGHQWL¿FDWH OD SDUWHD H[WHUL VFRSXOGHDOHFRQVXPD(VWH
YDULDWH GDU FHOH PDL IUHFYHQ RDUă D RDVHORU FRQVHFLQ‫܊‬ă D FD]XO UDFLORU $VWDFXV  VDX
WH VXQW FHOH PLFL ‫܈‬L PLMORFLL FRQWDFWXOXL SH‫܈‬WHOXL vQWUHJ FX DO ‫܊‬HVWRDVHORU GH DSă (P\V 
FLUFDFPOXQJLPH‫܈‬L IRFXO 5DGX  DQLPDOH DOH FăURU UHVWXUL VH
JJUHXWDWH ([LVWăvQVă‫܈‬L UHJăVHVFSULQWUHGH‫܈‬HXULOHPH
FDSWXUL GH WDOLH PDUH 'LQWUH &RQVHUYDUHDSHQWUXUHDOL]DUHD QDMHUH GLQ DULD ORFXLWă GH OD
DFHVWHD PHQ‫܊‬LRQăP SUH]HQ‫܊‬D GH VWRFXUL SULQ VăUDUHD XVFD 6XOWDQD
XQXL VWXULRQ GH FLUFD  NJ UHDVDXDIXPDUHDSH‫܈‬WHOXLvQFă
3H XQXO GLQ RDVHOH FDSXOXL QX D IRVW SXVă vQ HYLGHQ‫܊‬ă
SDUDVIHQRLG  H[LVWă PXOWLSOH 6WXGLL UHFHQWH SHQWUX FkWHYD
XUPH GH WUDQ‫܈‬DUH FHHD FH QH D‫܈‬H]ăUL*XPHOQL‫܊‬DDXSXVvQVă
DUDWă GL¿FXOWDWHD FX FDUH VD vQHYLGHQ‫܊‬ăIDSWXOFăUHVXUVHOH

43

You might also like