Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Chapter6 Temperature Measurement 08 v3
Chapter6 Temperature Measurement 08 v3
Measurements
Temperature
Measurements
Process
Process ,, Industrial
Industrial Instrumentation
Instrumentation && Measurement
Measurement
Assessment criteria: Lab experiences Assessment criteria:
• Basic concepts of measurements • Calibration, • Signal Conditioning
configuration of
• Process control terminologies transmitters, • P,T,L,F to mA, V
• Calibration controllers, • V-V,V-mA,mA-V
recorders and
other peripherals,
wiring, selection
and installation.
Assessment criteria: Assessment criteria:
• Design and
• Applications and selections of sensors and actuators implementation of • Design and implement a simple control
used in industries a simple control loop.
• Pressure Level Temperature Flow loop.
– Thermoelectric
• Bimetallic Thermometers
rc d
α
[(Cα )A−(Cα )B](T 2 − T 1)
• Bimetallic Thermometers
Motion of bimetal
strip is quite small. To
amplify motions the
bimetal strip were
wound into a helix or
spiral.
resistivityx Length ρe × L
Resistance =
Cross section Area
R=
Ac
R = Ro[1 + α (T − To )]
– Ro = reference resistance at temperature To
– α = coefficient of resistivity
– α should be chosen for the temperature range of
interest
Platinum
Copper
Nickel
Balco (70% Nickel,
30% Iron)
Tungsten
R1 R3
=
R 2 RRTD
Note:
Basic wheatstone bridge
circuit does not compensate
for the resistance leads in
measuring resistance of an
RTD - source of error in
electrical resistance
thermometers A 2-wire system
Allows RTD to be
located at a far r
distance from R2
indicating RTD=R4
instrument s2
Power Supply
r G (Stable and
accurate)
Provides ambient s1
temperature R3 R1
compensation
A 4-wire system is
preferred
R = Roe β ( 1 /T − 1 /To )
non-linear
Resistance at To Thermistor constant (K)
EEB5223/EAB4223 Industrial Automation & Control Systems Topic 1.6 Temperature-
Temperature- 19
Electrical resistance
1 dRT B
α= . = − 2 [unitin K]
RT dT T
Thermistor temperature
coefficient
The thermistor sensitivity varies greatly with temperature,
[-3%/oC to –6%/oC at room temperature]
Thermoelectric Temperature
Measurement
T1
T2 C
A
m EMF
n EAB(T2,T1) Measuring
B
Instrument
Hot junction
C
Cold junction
The metals A and B are two dissimilar metals, and are called the
thermocouple. The difference in temperature between point T2 and T1
generates the thermoelectromotive force, EAB(T2,T1).
EEB5223/EAB4223 Industrial Automation & Control Systems Topic 1.6 Temperature-
Temperature- 26
Thermoelectric
Reference Thermoelectromotive Force Table
Type: J Unit: lV
Temp. 0 -10 -2 0 -30 -40 -5 0 -60 -70 -8 0 -90 T emp.
( o C) ( o C)
-2 0 0 -7 890 -8 096 -200
-1 0 0 -4 632 -5 036 -5 426 -5 801 -6 159 -6 499 -6 821 -7 122 -7 402 -7 659 -100
0 0 -5 0 1 -995 -1 481 -1960 -2 431 -2 892 -3 344 -3 785 -4 215 0
Temp. 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 T emp.
( o C) ( o C)
0 0 507 1 019 1 536 2 058 2 585 3 115 3 649 4 186 4 725 0
100 5 268 5 812 6 359 6 907 7 457 8 008 8 560 9 113 9 667 10 222 100
200 10 777 11 332 11 887 12 42 12 998 13 553 14 108 14 663 15 217 15 771 200
300 16 325 16 879 17 432 17 985 18 537 19 089 19 640 20 192 20 743 21 295 300
400 21 846 22 397 22 949 23 501 24 054 24 607 25 161 25 7 16 26 272 26 829 400
500 27 388 27 949 28 511 29 075 29 642 30 210 30 782 31 356 31 933 32 513 500
600 33 096 33 683 34 273 34 867 35 464 36 066 36 671 37 280 37 893 38 510 600
700 39 130 39 754 40 382 41 013 41 647 42 283 42 922 43 563 44 207 44 852 7 00
800 45 498 46 144 46 790 47 434 48 076 48 716 49 354 49 989 50 621 51 249 800
900 51 875 52 496 53 115 53 729 54 341 54 948 55 553 56 155 56 753 57 349 900
1000 57 942 58 533 59 121 59 708 60 293 60 876 61 459 62 039 62 619 63 199 1000
1100 63 777 64 355 64 933 65 510 66 987 66 664 67 240 67 815 68 390 68 964 1100
1200 69 536 1200
o
Remark : Temperature of reference junction is 0 C.
o
When temperature of reference junction is 20 C, substract 1 019 lV from the value given in the above table.
T3 T2 T1 EAB(T3,T1)=EAB(T3,T2)+EAB(T2,T1)
A
EAB(T3,T1),
EAB(T3,T2),
B
A
EAB(T2,T1),
B
EAB(T3,T1)=EAB(T3,T2)+EAB(T2,T1)
Note: For noble metal thermocouple, the first mentioned material is the negative
polarity, and vice versa for base material.
Example:
Determine the measuring junction temperature when the output
of an iron-constantan thermocouple reads 13.275 mV and the
temperature at the reference junction is 20oC.
By interpolation, 270oC=14.663mV,
260oC=14.108mV.Gives, 0.055 mV per oC.
MJ=260oC+[(14.294mV-14.108mV)/0.055mV]=263.38oC.
Thermistor –
R highly Thermocouple-
or sensitive RTD- stable wide range
V
800oC
Temperature
End
End of
of Lecture
Lecture notes
notes on
on Temperature
Temperature Measurement
Measurement