IGAD SHEIKH TECHNICAL VETERINARY SCHOOL AND

REFERENCE CENTER (ISTVS)

Darburuk, hargeisa,and gibiley field work report
Student Name: Abdirizak mahmoud Ali
Registration/No: IV \300\2017
Class 2015-2016 year one semester two
FIELD DURATION: FROM 24th TO 27th SEPTEMBER 2018

( 1)slaughter goats (2) plastic bags in the rumen

Signature_______________________________ date_________________________

AKNOWLEDGEMENT:
All praise is due to Allah. We praise Him for enable successfully. Great thanks go out to all
ISTVS tutors and tutor assistants who assist me to come up such good and contemporary book.

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I would like to pay special thanks to my field supervisors and all my teachers to help me the
correct writing this report thank all my tutor .

of Contents
chapter one :introduction background and information objectives ……………..…4
figure 1 map of the study area ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…….4

1.1 background information table ………………………………………………………………………………………………………4

1.2 general objectivies ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..………4
1.3 specific objectives………………………………………….......................................................................................4

1.4 methodology……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..4

chapter two :presentation and activity of field report …………………………………………………………………………....4

2.0 introduction…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..4
2.1 maandeeq slaughter house …………………………………………………………………………………………………….…....5
2.1.0 postmortem finding ………………………………………………………………………………………………….……..…….5
2.2 hargiesa livestock market………………………………………………………………………………………………………..……5
2.2.0 market actres …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………6
2.3 hargeisa milk market……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..6
2.4 cattle and camel dairy farm in gibiley ……………………………………………………………………………………………6
2.5 muomin camel dairy farm…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..….6
2.6 apictulture bee keeping in gibiley …………………………………………………….………………………………………….……7

2.7 darburuk tanning process …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………7

2.8 discussion……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…..7

2.9 chalenge darburuk and hargeisa ……………………………………………………………………………………………….………7

chapter three conclusion and recommendation…………………………………………………………………………….………..7

2.0 conclusion………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...9

3.1 recommendation ……………………………………………………………….………………………………..………………………..11

1. CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION

Background to the field study

As ISTVS academic studies policy based on learning by doing, students are exposed to field
work activities at the end of each academic year. In first year, students are taken to Darburuk,

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Hargiesa and Gabiley to visit several areas that are vital for livestock activities so as to observe,
analyze and report on livestock related activities. For that reason on 24th September first year
students were taken to field work in Darburuk, Hargiesa and Gabiley, the duration of the field
was four days, where they get chance to take part and be familiar with the livestock activities
going. For their time period in Darburuk, Hargiesa and Gabiley, they visited different areas like
Darburuk tanner processing company, Hargeisa Livestock Market, Maandeeq traditional
slaughter house, camel and cattle dairy farms, apiculture farm in Gabiley and Hargeisa Milk
Markets.

Figure 1 map of study area

Gibiley hargeisa da arbudhu

2. Objectives
1.2 General objectives
The overall objective is to enable students improve on their data collection, processing
and presentation while exploring and applying their professional skills. During field a
make general objectives antimortem inspection such as palpation and percussion on the
sick animal and estimated healthy conditions . postmortem inspection of slaughtering
animal sheep ,goat,camel and cattle in the maandeq slaughter house .
1.3 Specific Objective
 Establish the presence of a certain disease through clinical examination and then
go on to treat and vaccinate the animals in question.
 Examine the procedures used in livestock inspection and trade in Somaliland.
 Assess the systems and infrastructure of a slaughter house. .
 Identification importance of livestock as resource of production
 Advantage animal health to provent zoonotic disease in the society

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  To increased veterinary service in the environment to support health
quality

1.4 Methodology
Observation: when the students are taken to livestock market they were observing the
animals for these conditions:
 body weight,
 hair coat appearance,
 posture,
 height of the animal .
whether the animal is malformed or not. If they are taken to milk market they were
observing market infrastructure, the people who are involved and they were looking the
hygiene of the market. The same was done in other places visit

CHAPTER TWO: Presentation and Discussion of field activities

2.0 introduction
Hargeisa is the capital city of the Republic of Somaliland, Hargeisa is located in the North West
of Somaliland (Latitude 9°18'NLongitude 44°03' E). Hargeisa has a population of 1.5million
people according to city hall estimate in 2010. Hargeisa is the center of trade and commerce and
has an international airport. Being the capital city of Somaliland, it is also a hub for the nomadic
stock herders, who come here to sell their animals
Da,arbudhuq is near capital city in Somaliland and located between Sahil region and Hargeisa
it’s also have population is measured 420 persons, the utility are not enough the need of the
population also there is no Electricity companies, the availability of water is well and every time
is available also have warm climate, in 30% of their population works in factory makes skin
processing.

Gabiley is located 58 km west of Harleys, the capital of Somaliland. It is in the center of the
Gabiley district, bounded on the north by the Gulf of Aden, on the west by the Awdal region, on
the east by the Hargeisa district, and on the south by the Somali Region of Ethiopia.
The majority of the people in the district have been settled there for the last 300 years. There are
more major and minor towns in Gabiley district than anywhere else in Somaliland .

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 2: Field activities

2.1 Maandeeq Traditional Slaughter house at Hargeisa capital of Somaliland

Hargeisa is the capital city of the Republic of Somaliland, Hargeisa is located in the North West
of Somaliland (Latitude 9°18'NLongitude 44°03' E). Hargeisa has a population of 1.5million
people according to city hall estimate in 2010. Hargeisa is the center of trade and commerce and
has an international airport. Being the capital city of Somaliland, it is also a hub for the nomadic
stock herders, who come here to sell their animals.
Maandeeq slaughterhouse is located in the Eastern part of Hargeisa and it has an area of 2km2. It
is a private enterprise and it was founded on March 23th, 2005 by two Somaliland citizens who
were interested and devoted to the improvement of the socio-economic situation of the country.
Since livestock is the backbone of Somaliland’s economy a lot of people get employed in this
slaughterhouse, the total number of workers is 95 with around 350 independent worker, all these
workers has different roles. Mandeeq slaughterhouse workers include the men who buy the
animals from the livestock market, those who look after them in Hargeisa, those who check the
animals when they arrive at the slaughterhouse also the men and women who slaughter the
animals, those who transport the meat and distribute throughout the city, the men who own the
trucks in which water is brought, technicians, cleaners and those who keep the slaughterhouse
security.

Different species of sheep, goats, cattle and camel are slaughtered at slaughter house as below
table shows with the total number of animals slaughtered per night.
The number of animals handled is about 800—870 per night. And species is sheep, goat, cattle
and camels.
Table 1 slaughter animal
Species Total number slaughtered
per night
Sheep and Goat 600-700
Cattle 100
Camel 70
Total 870

Anti-mortem finding
 the before slaughter the animal in the mandeeq slaughter house and make antimortem
examination inspection for the all animals such as:
 Palpation lymphnode
 And percussio

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and rejected animals getting g in the three condition for example:
 Severe emaciation animals
 Under age animal
 Pregnant animal
 Sick animal

2.1.0 Post mortem findings

During the postmortem examination inspection/observation, palpation and cut section
techniques were used. Different species of animals have been examined by students and
abnormalities were recorded as shown in table 2 below.
Table 1 Postmortem findings

Species No of animal Infected organ

Type of lesion (Abnormalities)
Male sheep 3 Intestine Torsion lube intestines .
Female sheep 2 Liver Red hepatization and become firm .
Female goats 2 Reticulum Severe plastic bags.

2.2 Livestock economics :Hargeisa Livestock Market

Hargeisa livestock market is a second largest livestock market of Somaliland which was
established by former regime of Somalia in 1984.
It is located south east direction of the city and market occupied area of 1km, livestock market of
Hargeisa has six shades which are built by the government and also have two modern ramps that
is built in 2011 by project founded EU and AU IBAR implement by TERRA NOUVA, although
there were no real borders between the market segment but there were different site which are as
follows: Camel market, Cattle market, Goat and sheep market. The animals sold in this market
are from several Somali regions and districts including, Belledweyn region (southern Somalia),
Somali Ethiopian region, and different regions of Somaliland.

Table 2 price of camel and cattle

Camel PRICES IN USD Taxation
Grade 1 810-850$
Grade 2 750-790$ 10,000 SL SH
Grade 3 620-700$
Cattle PRICES IN USD Taxation

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Grade 1 610-550$
Grade 2 500-490$ 7000 SL SH
Grade 3 320-390$
Table3: of small ruminant
SHEEPS PRICES IN USD Taxation
Grade 1 85-70$
Grade 2 64-50$ 3000 SL SH
Grade 3 45-30$
GOATS PRICES IN USD
Grade 1 75-60$
Grade 2 58-40$ 3000 SL SH
Grade 3 35-28$

2.2.0 Market actor

Market actors are people involved in running day-to-day operations of the market. They include
producers (farmers), brokers, interregional traders and export trades.
The main players of Hargeisa livestock market are producers, brokers, international traders,
butchers and consumers.
Producers are the pastoralists, who keep the animals in the rural areas, and those are people
participate in the market by transporting their animals to the market.
Brokers facilitate livestock market activities by mediating between the producers and
consumers.
Butchers
Interregional traders are people who buy certain class or age group that export large number
Animal like Indhodeero group and Al-jabiri International Traders is dedicated to helping
companies of all sizes, as well as government institutions and non-governmental organizations,
optimize their travel program and provide best-in-class service and assistance to traveler
The mode of the transportation of the animals is the on the foot while others come in the market
by the vehicles because they coming in the different regions in the Somaliland but the majority
comes from the near somalilands in the countryside .
The role of the government in the market becomes:
 For taxation
 For transported
 For management
 For estimation
 Food security

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The role of the veterinarian:
 For vaccination
 For observation
 For examination
 For diagnosis
 For treatment

2.3 Hargeisa milk market

Hargiesa milk market is located in the northern part of the city and it has two main milk
markets known as Gobanimo Source of milk comes from the different regions for example:

 Geed balaar
 Gibiley
 Alla ibaday
 Faraweyne
 Baligacas
 Adaroos.

the price of milk depend on the demand if the demand decreased the price increased and also if
the demand decreased price increased .

Table 4: price of milk in Hargeisa milk market

Species Type of milk Price of each cup Taxes

Fresh 5000 SL SH 1000 SL SH
Shoats Sour 3,500 SL SH 1000 SL SH
Fresh 7000 SL SH 1000 SL SH
Camels
Fresh 6000 SL SH 1000 SL SH
Cattle Sours 4000 SL SH 2500 SH

2.4 Cattle and camel dairy Farms in Gabiley

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 1.0 Cattle dairy farm in gibiley

cattle milk production of the gibiliy is the farm of the cattle house located in the gibiley where
keeping flock of cattle by which used for economical production .the cattle milk have high price
because decreased demand .the total number of cattle of the farm is the 44 and 7 is the lactated
and 9 male and 11 are calves and the 3 dead because they cannot adapted for the climate change
originally the cattle comes from the holand . the hygien of the farm is the reliable and very clean
they have drainage water and they have also disposal place to threw unwanted materials the
cattle body condition is normal and have no any disease in the farm and has high quality hygien
the average of the milk During lactated every cattle have 25 L per night and the during morning
decreased the milk and becomes 12 L the cattle milk have important role for the milk market in the
hargeisa and they have high cost because the increased the number of the costumer.

1.1 camel dairy Farms in Gabiley

Bulaale camel dairy is the farm keeping of the camel and they have important milk production
of the Somaliland and established 1995 the total number of camel are 160 camel and some
young they number of the staffs is the 9 men the infrastructure of the farm is good in this farm
the camel is the zero grassing that means the camel donot go outside of the farm because get any
requirements in this the farm and also get the drinkable water available to get enough nutrition
and they are owner which care the camel to increased the product . Camel milk is an important
component of human diet in many parts of the world. The present knowledge about the milk
production potential of camels is very limited. However, a healthy camel on good feed can
produce 8 L of milk per lactation period and the every 1 L is the 1 dollar . Most of the camel
milk is drunk fresh or when it is slightly sour in hargeisa area of the country. milk produced
from camels is primarily used for sell in the hargeisa town because the milk have high demand
and the costumers need milk every day in the milk market hargeisa.
Bulaale crow different crops by which needed the camel and also a lot of the plants and different
flower grow to help bee because bee need to get different flower for nector to increased the
quality of the honey.
Bulale dairy camel feed the flowing plants :
 Alpha alpha grass
 American grass
 And aramikha

2.5 Moumin camel dairy farm

Moumin Camel Dairy sells camel milk and male calves to customers throughout Somaliland.
The farm, established in 2005, is located in the Hawd pastoral zone of Farawayne District, about
30 km south of Hargeisa, an ideal location for camel grazing and growing feed. The dairy’s
proximity to the city provides the company with a competitive advantage when meeting the
demand for fresh milk. Ileeye sought investment to expand operations, increasing the quantity
and ensuring the quality of its dairy products.

2.6 Apiculture (Bee keeping) in Gabiley

Bulaale is a large honey production company situated in the Gabilay region of

Somaliland and stablished in 1995 - an ideal environment for beekeeping with an

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 abundance of forage. Bulaale is also located close to its main market, Hargeisa, and
within proximity to the Ethiopian border, large target market. The owner of Bulaale is an
experienced businessman, with over 15 years of experience in the honey sector. In
addition to apiculture, he runs Beekeeping his own farm and livestock business, and
utilizes bees to increase crop yields through enhanced plant pollination. . The number of
the wax bee of bee created is reach 2182 and empty reach 3500 wax bee . To supplement
its honey production business, Bulaale has planted10,000 flowers for the bees to pollinate
and feed on, hired new staff to tend to the flowers, and installed a drip irrigation to water
the flowers. Bulaale has expanded its business by exporting itshoney to Djibouti and
Kenya.

2.7 Darburuk Tannery Processing company

1) The da,arbudhuq is located north east of Marodijex region about 60km away from capital
city of Somaliland, its established 2008 also have workers around 27peoples, its only
company that processing the skin as modern except traditional method, skin comes from
different regions, only four species skin are available in da,arbudhuq tannery such as
(sheep’s, goats, cattle’s, camels)after slaughtering animal skin was removed water(drying)
in this processing soaking by use antibacterial drugs sodium hydroxide and also use sodium
sulphate to remove a hair in this process remove of the hair called deliming stage and stay
on In 3houres, than third stage is known as fleshing machine is a remove unwanted meat
like lipids Skin exported :1-china 2-pakistan 3-italy

There are two types of the skin :

(A) small animals for example sheep and goat are called skin
(B) Large animals for example camel and catte are called hide

skinning process means removed of unwanted materials for the skin for example meat or flesh
fats and make dehydration.
skinning process have different stages :
(A) collection of the skin :is the collection of the skin in the different regions and coming
together in one place.
(B) conservation of the skin :is the protection of the skin for decaying and putrefaction .

steps of the skin processing

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soaking process: Soaking: Soaking is carried out to allow hides and skins to reabsorb any water which
may have been lost after flaying, in the curing process, or during transport. Soaking also cleans the hides
and skins (removal of dung, blood, dirt, etc.) and removes interfibrillary material. The process is mostly
carried out in two steps: a dirt soak to remove the salt and dirt, and a main soak. The duration of soaking
can range from several hours to a few days.

deliming process: Deliming: The deliming operation in leather processing is a

drum/paddle or pit based operation where two main objectives are:

 Removal of alkali from the pelt and the consequent doweling of the fibres.
 Lowering of the liquor pH to the values used in the bating process.
Deliming operations of cattle hides usually last 2 hours and are generally associated with the
alkaline phase of beamhouse operations. The progress of deliming in pelts is monitored by the
checking of pH values of process liquors and in the cutting of a pelt cross-section.
Phenolphthalein is used to monitor deliming pelt cross-sectional.

2.8 DISCUSSION

The relationship between the theory and practical for the lesson have the very important

directions for the students to memorize the the skills for the long time when the student study the

has a lot of the opportunities to accomplish the and practice to achieve for understand lessons:

 To help student to memorize lesson long time

 To prevent memory lose

 To increased students activity

2.9 CHALLENGES / CONSTRAINT FACING A LIVESTOCK

FACILITIES VISITED

 Lack of protective equipment in Mandeeq slaughter house

 Shortage of slaughtered materials.
 Poor Transportation system in hargeisa livestock market
 Lack of the disposal chemicals in Da,arbudhuq tanning
 Decreased the role of government in the maandeq slaughter house in hargeisa
 Bulaale dairy camel need to get investment to increased products

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  Dairy cattle in gibiley must to get high management
 Shortage of slaughtered materials.
 Poor Transportation system in hargeisa livestock market
 Lack of the disposal chemicals in Da,arbudhuq tannery
 Lack of veterinary drugs and good record keeping.
 Lack of the veterinary services in the in the livestock
CHAPTER THREE

2.0 Conclusion
At the During field work many thinks has been achieved and learned such as how to conduct
questionnaires in different people that have different educational background and also how to
collect in data collection in different places as well as the price of taxations in government with
different animals and their product

3.1 Recommendation
During the field work, students identified that the work in the visited places were going well
however there were gaps which needed to be filled therefore these recommendation are destined
to all livestock stakeholders:
 During slaughtering the camel use uncomfortable method should be improved.
 Must be to increased slaughter house sanitation .
 Grass in the livestock market is not available must to increased.
 Cats and dogs should be removed from the milk market.
 Hargeisa and hargeisa milk market should be make a water tangs.
 Livestock market of hargeisa is open place and needs shade and water supply for animal.
 . To provide and control where stored chemical use skin processing.
 Government must to support and encouragement bulaale farm production to get excess
production.

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