This case analysis of a child named Mark, 3 years of age and he is living with his

parents. Mark is an only child. What he wants, what he get. Mark has an Autism Spectrum
Disorder (ASD) a neurodevelopmental disorder defined by persistent deficits in social
communication and social interaction, accompanied by restricted, repetitive patterns of
behavior, inter-ests, or activities.

The signs of ASD are usually evident in early childhood. Though it is still considered a
lifelong diagnosis, with appropriate early intervention, individuals with ASD can lead
productive, inclusive and fulfilling lives. It affects the brains ability to develop normal social
and communication skills.

In 1943, Kanner described autism in 11 children lacking communicative language

over a period of years which supports the theory of Bruner, Social Interaction (1976). Mark has
this attitude of willingness to learn but he can’t directly say what he wants to speak and express.
Comprehensive description of the developmental progression of theory of mind; from infants'
intuitive understanding of ordinary actions as reflecting others' attention and Intentions,
through toddlers' appreciation of world-inconsistent goals and preschool developments in
understanding representational mental states, to school-age children's mastery of an
interpretative and complex theory of mind. Astington, J. W., & Hughes, C. (2013) which
Cognitive Theory of Piaget (1936) supports externally. According to The Individuals with
Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) who makes those treatments possible for children under
age 3 who may be at risk for developmental problems.

The type of treatment your child receives for autism spectrum disorder depends on his
individual needs. Because ASD is a spectrum disorder (meaning some children have mild
symptoms and others have severe symptoms) and each child who has it is unique, there are a
variety of treatments.

Behavior and Communication Treatments

Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA). ABA is often used in schools and clinics to help your child
learn positive behaviors and reduce negative ones. This approach can be used to improve a
wide range of skills, and there are different types for different situations, including:

 Discrete trial training (DTT) uses simple lessons and positive reinforcement.
 Pivotal response training (PRT) helps develop motivation to learn and communicate.
 Early intensive behavioral intervention (EIBI) is best for children under age 5.
 Verbal behavior intervention (VBI) focuses on language skills.
 The parents of Mark are highly recommended to keep on guiding their son. Mark also
must maintain his checkup and let him do whatever he wants. Let him discover new things by
meeting new friends and explore new recreational activities. Developmental surveillance
should be performed at all well-child visits from infancy through school age, and at any age
thereafter if concerns are raised about social acceptance, learning, or behavior. The mother of
Mark also should be monitored him carefully for acquisition of social, communication, and
play skills, and the occurrence of maladaptive behaviors. Screening should be performed not
only for autism-related symptoms but also for language delays, learning difficulties, social
problems, and anxiety or depressive symptoms.

References:

Autism Navigator (2015)

Retrieved February 22, 2020 from

http://www.autismnavigator.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/What_is_ASD.pdf

“Autistic Disturbances of Affective Contact” (1943), by Leo Kanner

Retrieved February 22, 2020 from

https://embryo.asu.edu/pages/autistic-disturbances-affective-contact-1943-leo-kanner

The Social Interaction of Bruner (1976)

Retrieved February 22, 2020 from

https://www.slideshare.net/mobile/JessRoebuck13/the-social-interactionalist-theory-bruner-p
resentation

Theory of Mind - Developmental Psychology

Retrieved February 22, 2020 from

https://quizlet.com/190126883/theory-of-mind-developmental-psychology-flash-cards

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) -Treatment

Retrieved February 22, 2020 from

https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/autism/facts.html
Leo Kanner’s 1943 pap
er on autism
Retrieved February 22, 2020 from