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Electromagnetism PDF
Electromagnetism PDF
Electromagnetism PDF
1. Electromagnetism
2. Magnetic Effects of an Electric Current
3. Electromagnetic Induction
1. Diagram below shows a freely suspended magnetic needle. A copper wire is held
parallel to the axis of magnetic needle.
(a) Describe the directions in which the north pole of the needle will move in
the following situations.
(i) When conductor is above needle and the current flows from A to B.
(ii) When conductor is below needle and the current flows from B to A.
(b) Why does the needle move in the above situations ?
(c) Name and state the law which will determine the direction of motion of
magnetic needle.
Ans.
Ans.
Ans.
Ans. The current of the end A flows in clockwise direction. Thus, towards end A
south polarity is created. Thus magnet is attracted by the coil.
13. The diagram below shows a spiral coil wound on a hollow cardboard tube. A
magnetic compass is placed close to it. When the current flows by closing the key,
how will the compass needle be affected? State two ways in which the magnetic
field due to the coil can be made stronger.
Ans. The current on the end A flows in the anti-clockwise direction. Thus, the north
polarity is created towards the end A. Thus, the south pole of the compass needle
will point towards the end A.
The magnetic field can be made stronger by :
(1) increasing the magnitude of the current in the coil.
(2) placing a laminated soft iron core within the coil.
Ans.
(i) Copy the diagram and show the polarity acquired by each face of the solenoid.
(ii) Draw the magnetic lines of force inside the coil and show their direction.
(iii) Mention two methods to increase magnetic strength of magnetic lines of force
inside the coil.
(b) (i) Electromagnet pulls the soft iron armature towards itself when current
flows through it. The movement in armature makes the hammer strike
against gong, and hence, sound is produced.
(ii) Soft iron armature gets pulled strongly towards electromagnet, when the
latter is activated.
(iii) Flat spring gets under tension, when armature moves towards
electromagnet. When the electrical circuit breaks at contact point, the
tension in spring brings the armature back to its original position.
Class-X 12 Question Bank
(c) At contact points, sparking takes place, when the electrical circuit breaks.
Due to sparking, the contact points are oxidised, and hence bell stops
working. To avoid oxidation, the contact points are made from silver-
cadmium alloy.
(d) By moving the contact screw towards armature, the frequency of ring
increases and vice versa.
(e) Yes, it can operate on a.c. mains. It is because the electromagnet works
equally well on the a.c. or d.c. supply. Only difference is that in case of
a.c. supply, the polarity of electromagnet changes rapidly.
20. Figure below shows the current flowing in the coil of wire wound around the
soft iron horse-shoe core. State the polarities developed in the ends A and B.
Ans. (a) The coil ABCD will turn about its axis. The arm AB of the coil will move out
of the plane of the paper and arm CD into the plane of the paper. Thus, coil
will turn in the anti-clockwise direction.
Ans. (a) The ammeter will record the maximum value of current very slowly.
It means that the needle of ammeter will slowly move over the scale till it
records maximum value.
(a) Describe the observation in the galvanometer if (i) the magnet is moved
rapidly in the direction of arrow, (ii) the magnet is kept still after it has moved
into the coil, (iii) the magnet is then rapidly pulled out of the coil.
(b) How would the observation in (a) (i) alter, if more powerful magnet is used?
Ans.
When a.c. at 200 V flows into primary coil ‘P’ the magnetic flux rapidly changes
within the soft iron, with the change in the direction of current.
This changing magnetic flux links with secondary coil ‘S’ and hence
induces a.c. e.m.f. in it, the magnitude of which is given by :
e.m.f. in secondary coil number of turns in secondary coil
=
e.m.f. in primary coil number of turns in primary coil
(b) (i) A step-down transformer is used in operating door bells, battery
eliminators, battery chargers and emergency lights.
(ii) (1) The primary coil has more number of turns as compared to
secondary coil.
(2) The primary coil has smaller diameter as compared to the secondary coil.
(3) The primary coil is more heavily insulated as compared to the secondary
coil.
Class-X 27 Question Bank
44. The figure below shows a transformer and name of its parts A and B. Complete
the diagram and name the parts A and B. Name the part you have drawn to
complete the diagram. What is the material of this part? Is this transformer step-
up or step-down and why?
Ans.
A is primary coil.
B is secondary coil.
The part drawn for completing diagram is laminated core.
The material of laminated core is soft iron.
The above transformer is step-down transformer as the number of turns in its
secondary coil are less than the number of turns in its primary coil.
(a) State the material used for the core and describe its structure.
(b) Use the given data in the diagram to calculate the turn ratio for the
transformer.
(c) Complete the diagram of the transformer and connections by labelling all
parts added by you.
(d) If a current of 2A is taken from the output, calculate the current in the input
circuit. (Assume transformer is ideal).
Ans. (a) The material used in the core is soft iron. The soft iron is cut into thin
rectangular pieces which are then bound together. Such an arrangement is
called laminated soft iron core.
number of turns in secondary coil (Ns )
(b) =
number of turns in primary coil (N p )
(c)
IP × 220 V = 2A × 22V
2A 22V
IP = = 0.2 A
220V
8 Vs
=
800 220 V
8 × 220
Vs = V = 2.2 Volts
800
53. A transformer is designed to work from a 240 V a.c. mains and to give a supply
of 8 V to ring a house bell. The primary coil has 4800 turns. How many turns
would you expect in the secondary?
N s Vs
Ans. =
N p Vp
N p × Vs 4800 × 8V
Ns = =
Vp 240 V
= 160 turns
54. (a) What is an electric generator?
(b) Draw a neat and labelled diagram of a.c. generator?
(c) What is the effect of increasing the speed of rotation of coil in a generator?
(d) What energy conversion takes place in a generator?
(e) What is the magnitude of e.m.f. induced in the coil, when its plane becomes
parallel to magnetic field?
a.c. generator
(b) Shown in the figure above.
(c) It increases the magnitude of induced e.m.f.
(d) The mechanical energy is converted into electric energy.
(e) The magnitude of induced e.m.f. is maximum as maximum number of
magnetic lines of force cut through the coil.
55. (a) An a.c. generator, running at a constant speed is connected to an external
circuit, produces alternating current of 50 Hz. Draw graph to show how the
current in external circuit varies with time.
(b) Why is the e.m.f. produced by generator zero at certain instant and maximum
at some other instant when coil is rotating at same speed?
(c) With the decrease in external resistance, the magnitude of current increases.
Thus, output power increases. This is possible only, if there is matching input.
Hence, more energy is required to drive the generator.
(d) The magnitude of induced e.m.f. in an electric generator depends upon :
(i) Number of turns in the coil
(ii) Area of cross-section of the coil
(iii) Intensity of radial magnetic field
(iv) Rate of rotation of the coil in magnetic field.