Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Reading 8
Reading 8
(3 minutes)
Tum to pictures 1 and 2 on page 170 which show different kinds of shops where you can
THELADYWITH BLUENAILS 0 I
buy food. The new company is proving to be a nice little earner
Candidate B, compare and contrast these photographs, and say which type of shop Sandy Lerner ;s founder of an unusua/ ronge of too. As founder and chief executive of the company.
nail-polish c%urs Sandy was personally responsible for designlng the
provides a better service. You have a minute to do this.
eye-catching advertising campaigns that helped at the
Candidate A, which of these shops would you rather buy food from? 0 / beginning, although she now tends to leave the day-to-day
business to her partners.
The links between computers and cosmetics are not
(3 Ol'4 minutes) obvious, but one of the most successful self-made lI]
businesswomen in the USA,Sandy Lerner, has made her
fortune in both. But establishing the business was not easy, partlcularly
when the large cosmetics companies realised there was a
Tum to the pictures on page 171 which show different weekend activities. Imagine that a W I too.
market for alternative calours and started sellingthem
'As an alternative, we're never going to threaten the
group of students from another country is com ing to spend a long weekend in your area
to leam about the local culture. With her longpurple hairand taste for blue nallpolish,it mainmarket ofthe bigcompanies:saysSandy,'and
Is not surprising that Sandy got fed up with not being although they now do similar colours, they only do a few
What type of places should they visiU Which activities should they do? Plan their weekend able to find make-up she liked.After a brlef spell of of them. So people who want intense and compllcated
timetable. mixing her own colours, Sandy decided to set up her colours will still come to us.'
(3 or 4 minutes)
own company. [§j I
§I Althoughshadesof blue,purple,yellowand green sound'
Answer these questions: Since its launch in 1996, her company has taken the USA, likejust the thing for teenage girls and punks,the company
Asia and Europe by storm. 'At the time everyone was stil! adually aims [ts produds at career women in theirthirties
How important is it to understand the culture of other countries? heavily Into pinks and reds: says Sandy,'and Ithought that and forties. Sandy thinks make-up is about a state of
Which country would you choose to visit if you could? given other developments going on in the fashion world, mind,'l1'sfor self-confident people who are not afraid of
Apart from exchange visits, how else can we share our culture with others? the time was ripe for an arternative: something you can wash off: Indeed, the unusual colours
How difficult do you think it would be to live in another country?
C!1 and successful marketing campaigns, make the cornpany's
produds a hit amongst Hollywood celebrities.
I1'sone thing to like blue nail polish yourself, but quite
another to set up a company making it,however. The [Z] I
more money you have, the easier that decision is to Although she keeps a close eye on the company, Sandy
make: she admits. And she has plenty.Sandy made her admits that she quickly loses interest once a projed is up
fortune In a former career as a computer specialist. She and running. She is now turning her attention to her
set up a company in I984 after designing a piece of current projeds: a large country house in England,her farm
technology which is now used in 80% of connedions on inVirginiawhere she keeps horses and a new projed for
the Internet.
promoting nineteenth-century literature on the Internet.
iDl TEST 7, PAPER 5
. II
-
1~1!l; IllIIIII!I' - You are going to read an article about an actor. For Questions 8-14, choose the correct
8 Why did Malcolm not go to the USAthirty-five yearsago?
answer A, B, C or D.
A Hisfamily opposed it.
Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet. B The offers weren't good enough.
C He was in poor health.
D He already had work in Britain.
~:'~'iIIIiI;lllIII!!III!=Jt- J You are going to read a magazine article about a man who studies mountain lions in the
A I was beginning to think maybe my colleagues were right.
USA. Seven sentences have been removed fram the article. Choose fram the sentences A-I
the one which fits each gap (15-21). There is one extra sentence which you do not need
B But I was willing to give ali that a try.
to use. There is an example at the beginning (O).
Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet. c He encouraged me to tackle something tough.
Something was watching me. I stopped. Not a leal By capturihg and recapturing, and each time making
moved, not a bird called. Then, less than a hundred The effort had not been going wall.
very carelul observations, I hoped to build a lund ol
metres away amongst the trees, I saw him. Just his inlormation about these mysterious animals.
lace, eyes the colour ol amber, whiskers glistening in
the late alternoon sun. I began in January 1 963, marking sixteen lions within
a hundred miles ol Missoula, Montana.
Felis concolor, or the cat ol one colour was the ghost lisi I 50 I moved, next season, as lar
ol North America. It has a variety ol names such as Irom civilisation as I could get in the USA, to the Idaho
cougar and puma, but is most commonly known simply Primitive Area, a roadless wilderness in Salmon River
as the mountain lion. It was 1965. I was just beginning Country.
my lile's work ol trying to understand these secretive
and elusive cats. 101 I I I hired Wilbur Wiles, the best prolessional wildcat
trecker in Idaho. Still, that winter we could not lind
A lew years earlier, lollowing live years ol doing enough lions lor a valid study. 119/
research into the habits ol grizzly bears with my A meaninglul study ol mountein lions might be
brother, also a wildlilebiologist, I had sought a project impossible. I decided to expand the study area. In the
ol my own. 1151 J summ er ol 1965, I backpacked into the wilderness,
into new territory.
Mountain lions seemed not only challenging but also
romantic. Once they were lound across the entire Then, at the mouth ol a smali valley, I noticed some
continent. But alter centuries ol ruthless hunting, they lootprints. I lorced my way through the undergrowth
had been conlined to a lew wild spots. In the early up the narrow valley and suddenly broke into a beautiful
1960s, mountain lions were still considered as the mountain maadow ringed by trees. IZ.9j . J
enemy. Farmers, ranchers and hunters were trying to
rid the world ol these great cats. 116/ I I don't know how long we stared at each other. It was
a wonderlul moment. Every other mountain lion I had
Many colleagues tried to discourage me. The lions seen had been up a tree, cornered by the dogs below,
moved across hundreds ol miles ol territory. I would or drugged by the tranquillisers we used to mark them
never be able to keep track ol them lor long enough to in salety. Eventuallythis lionbroke our gaze, turned his
study them. Moreover, as most mountain lions livein head slowly, and with majestic grace, leapt into luli
difficultcountry, they are best tracked in snow. That view. 12,11 II can stil!see his eyes. I've
meant livingin tents in winter and tracking with dogs in olten thought he brought me good luck because that
the intense cold belore trapping them in e tree so that was indeed a turning point. The next winter's work
they could be captured and marked. lEI I went extremely wall.
mE TEST 8, PAP ER 1
I TE5T 8, PAPER ~
1;11"1111;.-' You are going to read a magazine article in which different people talk about letter
.
writing. For Questions22-35, chooselrom the people (A-F). Same ol the people may be
chosen more than once. When more than one answer is required,these may be given in
any order. There is an example at the beginning (O). "' lues
,
...
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f.;!:'.i~ .,~
"77"'""",, i~,"""C!!
s1. .!)ir i!;'Y{ff!j .,P-'w
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'!1!..J 'jOl;.;;" ,'lii'Ua'" ,Kil';';; '" ,,',.Ii'
Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet. . "
A Amanda Littleport
B Barbara Lynn E-mails are easy and faxes are fast - SDis the old- correspondence with his actress wife whenever their
C Charles Downham fashioned letter really a thing of the past? According work has kept them apart. Fortunately, both parties
to a recent survey, 10% of the 18 billion letters have held on to the letters, allowing them to be
D Derek Watlington delivered annually in Britain are private ones, SDthere publishedlast year,minusthe 'silliestbits'. Oneof
E Elizabeth Brandon must be people out there who are sitting down and them begins,'] do missyour letterswhen we're
F Fiona 5tretham putting pen to paper in the old-fashioned way. together ...' and the tone is light-hearted and amusing
throughout, even when the subject matter is serious. T
For example, there's novelist Amanda LittIeport always hand-writemyletters,' he says.'Eventhough a
Which of the people who says, 'U's a very personal way of keeping in word-processor means you can go back and improve
touch. ] f'ind ] indude things in letters that ] might not things, there's something about the machine that
chooses to write letters for health reasons?
~ mention in conversation, such as things ]don't like bringsout the moreformaIsideof my character, SD
thinks same letters should not be posted? §C] about other peopie for example. But something nice, letters written on one are never quite SDintimate.'
said in a letter becomes much more special. That's why
§C] Politicians lilce Elizabeth Brandon have headed
describes a regular letter-writing routine? love letters are SDimportant.' Amanda always writes
with a fountain pen. 'What looks best is black ink on notepaper provided for them onee they get elected to
has help with the letters he/she has to write?
~ pure white paper. A letter is like a gift you give the Houses of Parliament, and there are special desks
compares letter-writing with another activity? ~ someone, it's upsetting to see a lovely letter on horrible
paper.'
with old-fashioned dip pens and supplies of real ink for
them to use for letter writing. Barbara is a ,shameiess
is expected to write letters as part ol a job? ~ ~ iover of gadgets, however, and prefers to reply to
peopleby dictatinglettersinto a cassetterecorder SD
has made a point ol keeping letters? ~ ~ The actress Barbara Lyon, if she's at home in
London, writes at least tbree letters each morning at a that her secretarycan typethem up and fax them.
is aware ol expressing his/her feeling more desk in an upstairs bedroom that has become her 'But] also write long chatty e-mails to my husband
'writing room'. '] f'ind it an enjoyable experience, as and daughter when ] am away,' she says.
Ireely in letters? ~ important as talldng to people. As ] am deaf in one ear,
leels that electronic aids make letter writing ] find the telephone difficult, and] don't have e-mail. Don't even think of mentioning e-mails to
Letters written by hand are an exchange of energy Fiona Stretham, a journalist who is the 'agony
less personal? ~ §C]
between people. U's like the energy that passes
between an actor and audience in the theat.(e, which
aunl' for a top weekly magazine. Her problem page